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Heliyon May 2024Dental cavities are common oral diseases that can lead to pain, discomfort, and eventually, tooth loss. Early detection and treatment of cavities can prevent these...
BACKGROUND
Dental cavities are common oral diseases that can lead to pain, discomfort, and eventually, tooth loss. Early detection and treatment of cavities can prevent these negative consequences. We propose CariSeg, an intelligent system composed of four neural networks that result in the detection of cavities in dental X-rays with 99.42% accuracy.
METHOD
The first model of CariSeg, trained using the U-Net architecture, segments the area of interest, the teeth, and crops the radiograph around it. The next component segments the carious lesions and it is an ensemble composed of three architectures: U-Net, Feature Pyramid Network, and DeeplabV3. For tooth identification two merged datasets were used: The Tufts Dental Database consisting of 1000 panoramic radiography images and another dataset of 116 anonymized panoramic X-rays, taken at Noor Medical Imaging Center, Qom. For carious lesion segmentation, a dataset consisting of 150 panoramic X-ray images was acquired from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca.
RESULTS
The experiments demonstrate that our approach results in 99.42% accuracy and a mean 68.2% Dice coefficient.
CONCLUSIONS
AI helps in detecting carious lesions by analyzing dental X-rays and identifying cavities that might be missed by human observers, leading to earlier detection and treatment of cavities and resulting in better oral health outcomes.
PubMed: 38803980
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30836 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Growth factors embedded in the extracellular matrix of the dentin play an important role in the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 9% etidronic acid applied with different irrigant activation techniques on the release of growth factors from dentin: in vitro study.
BACKGROUND
Growth factors embedded in the extracellular matrix of the dentin play an important role in the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics. In regenerative endodontic treatments, the type of irrigation solution used is crucial for the release of growth factors (GFs) from the dentin matrix. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different irrigant activation techniques (IAT) using two different chelating agents, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 9% etidronic acid (HEDP), in terms of their GF release.
METHODS
Seventy-two mandibular premolar teeth were prepared to simulate an open apex. The root fragments were irrigated with 20 ml of 1.5% sodium hypochlorite and 20 ml of saline solution. Eight root fragments were randomly separated for the control group, and the remaining 64 fragments were randomly separated into eight groups based on two different chelating agents (17% EDTA and 9% HEDP) and four different IAT ((conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), sonic activation with EDDY, and XP-endo Finisher (XPF)). TGF-β1, VEGF-A, BMP-7 and IGF-1 release levels were determined using an ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, and the Tukey test (p < .05).
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, the experimental groups showed significantly higher GF release when using EDTA or HEDP. Among the activation groups, the EDDY group triggered the highest GF release, and the CNI group triggered the lowest.
CONCLUSIONS
IAT with EDTA and HEDP can increase GF release, with EDDY being the most effective IAT method. Using chelating agents with IAT may be beneficial in regenerative endodontic treatments.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Humans; Root Canal Irrigants; Dentin; Etidronic Acid; Chelating Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Regenerative Endodontics; Bicuspid; Root Canal Preparation
PubMed: 38802852
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04336-0 -
Comparison of the vitality test with sensitivity tests in mature and immature teeth: clinical trial.BMC Oral Health May 2024One of the most important steps in deciding on the treatment of a tooth is to determine the vitality and health status of the pulp. Since immature teeth innervation is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
One of the most important steps in deciding on the treatment of a tooth is to determine the vitality and health status of the pulp. Since immature teeth innervation is not completed, the response to sensitivity tests may not yield definite results. Pulse oximetry (PO) which is considered as a vitality test, measures the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO). This study aims to compare PO, electric pulp test (EPT) and cold test in mature and immature permanent teeth.
METHODS
20 immature and 20 mature permanent incisors of 6-12-year-old ASA1 children who did not use any analgesics, were included in the study. Pulp vitality of the teeth was determined by EPT, cold test and PO. An infant probe of PO device (CMS60D, Contec Medical Systems Co. Ltd, China) was used to determine the SpO of the teeth. The SpO level is controlled on the patient's finger by a children's probe and an infant probe of PO. Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman rank correlation test and Kruskal-Wallis test/Dunn post-hoc analysis were used for statistical comparisons.
RESULTS
There was no significant correlation between finger SpO and the mature/immature teeth SpO (r=-0.026, r = 0.253). Arterial oxygen saturation values in the immature teeth were significantly higher than in the mature teeth (p = 0.002). There was a high correlation between the vitality response of the EPT, cold test and PO.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulse oximetry can be used as an effective vitality test compared to sensitivity tests in both immature and mature permanent incisors.
Topics: Humans; Oximetry; Child; Dental Pulp Test; Male; Female; Incisor; Dental Pulp; Cold Temperature; Oxygen Saturation
PubMed: 38802767
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04317-3 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2024Pediatric rotary file systems were developed to solve manual file limitations. With many systems available, it may be tricky to select the most appropriate one. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of shaping ability of kedo-S square and fanta AF™ baby rotary files compared to manual K-files in root canal preparation of primary anterior teeth.
BACKGROUND
Pediatric rotary file systems were developed to solve manual file limitations. With many systems available, it may be tricky to select the most appropriate one.
AIM
to assess & compare Kedo-S Square, Fanta-AF™-Baby rotary files with manual K-file concerning removed dentin amount, canal transportation, centric ability & root canal taper using CBCT in primary anterior teeth.
DESIGN
Extracted Seventy-five upper primary anterior teeth with intact 2/3 root length were collected and divided into three groups based on root canal instrumentation, group-I: prepared using K-file, group-II: prepared using Kedo-S Square, and group-III: prepared using Fanta AF™ Baby file. The teeth were imaged with CBCT before & following canal instrumentation. Then, the removed dentin amount was calculated at each root-canal level. The Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to statistically analyze study data.
RESULT
The difference among the three groups was highly statistically significant at cervical & apical thirds concerning dentin thickness changes on both mesial & distal sides following canal preparation with the least removed dentin in the Kedo-S Square group(P < 0.0001). Regarding transportation & centering ability, a non-significant difference between the three groups was found. 80% of the Fanta AF™ Baby group had good-tapered preparation compared to the Kedo-S Square (72%) and K-file (40%) groups(P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Kedo-S Square was preferable to Fanta-AF-Baby & manual K-files in primary root canal preparation.
Topics: Humans; Root Canal Preparation; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; In Vitro Techniques; Tooth, Deciduous; Equipment Design; Incisor; Dental Instruments; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 38801642
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05726-y -
PeerJ 2024Ageing is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to several alterations in cardiac structure and function, including left ventricular hypertrophy and...
BACKGROUND
Ageing is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to several alterations in cardiac structure and function, including left ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiomyocyte volume, as well as a decline in the number of cardiomyocytes and ventricular dysfunction, emphasizing the pathological impacts of cardiomyocyte ageing. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising as a cellular therapeutic source due to their minimally invasive surgical approach and remarkable proliferative ability.
AIM
This study is the first to investigate the outcomes of the systemic transplantation of DPSCs in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced rat model of cardiac ageing. Methods. Thirty 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control, ageing (D-gal), and transplanted groups (D-gal + DPSCs). D-gal (300 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. The rats in the transplantation group were intravenously injected with DPSCs at a dose of 1 × 10 once every 2 weeks.
RESULTS
The transplanted cells migrated to the heart, differentiated into cardiomyocytes, improved cardiac function, upregulated Sirt1 expression, exerted antioxidative effects, modulated connexin-43 expression, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and had anti-senescent and anti-apoptotic effects.
CONCLUSION
Our results reveal the beneficial effects of DPSC transplantation in a cardiac ageing rat model, suggesting their potential as a viable cell therapy for ageing hearts.
Topics: Animals; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Galactose; Male; Rats; Myocytes, Cardiac; Dental Pulp; Stem Cell Transplantation; Aging; Sirtuin 1; Cell Differentiation; Connexin 43; Disease Models, Animal; Stem Cells; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38799055
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17299 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024High speed electric handpieces have recently been growing in popularity among dental professionals. Advantages include smoother surface preparation and increased cutting... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
High speed electric handpieces have recently been growing in popularity among dental professionals. Advantages include smoother surface preparation and increased cutting efficiency.
AIM
The primary objective was to compare enamel surface roughness following resin cleanup after bracket debonding using highspeed air turbine versus electric handpiece. The secondary objective was to record the time needed for resin-clean up.
METHOD
Forty deidentified freshly extracted human premolars were cleaned and sectioned at the cement-enamel junction. The crowns were embedded in acrylic blocks. Enamel surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rp and Rv) were measured using a stylus profilometer. Brackets were bonded using a light-cure orthodontic adhesive and stored in distilled water for 24 h. Following bracket debonding, the specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups: First group: resin clean-up was carried out using a 12-fluted carbide bur mounted on a high-speed air turbine; and second group: where an electric handpiece was used. Surface roughness parameters were measured following resin clean up and after polishing using pumice and a rubber cup. Time needed for resin clean-up was recorded. Differences in enamel surface roughness and time between groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and independent samples t-test, respectively at P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The electric handpiece groups showed significantly higher values for Ra, Rz and Rp both following resin cleanup and polishing. Time taken for resin cleanup was significantly longer for the electric handpiece group.
CONCLUSION
Considering both surface roughness and time, electric handpiece do not seem to add greater effectiveness or efficiency to resin cleanup following orthodontic bracket debonding.
Topics: Humans; Surface Properties; Dental Debonding; Dental Enamel; Dental High-Speed Equipment; In Vitro Techniques; Resin Cements; Orthodontic Brackets; Time Factors; Bicuspid; Dental Polishing
PubMed: 38796434
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04339-x -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) apical barrier for the placement of MTA for the treatment of teeth...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) apical barrier for the placement of MTA for the treatment of teeth with periapical lesions and open apices.
METHODS
A total of thirty teeth on twenty-eight patients with open apices and periapical periodontitis were enrolled and divided into two groups in the present pilot study. In the PRF group (fourteen teeth in thirteen patients), nonsurgical endodontic treatment was performed using PRF as an apical matrix, after which the apical plug of the MTA was created. For the non-PRF group (fourteen teeth in fourteen patients), nonsurgical endodontic therapy was performed using only the MTA for an apical plug with no further periapical intervention. Clinical findings and periapical digital radiographs were used for evaluating the healing progress after periodic follow-ups of 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. The horizontal dimension of the periapical lesion was gauged, and the changes in the dimensions were recorded each time. The Friedman test, Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc correction, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis, with P < 0.05 serving as the threshold for determining statistical significance.
RESULTS
All patients in both groups in the present pilot study had no clinical symptoms after 1 month, with a significant reduction in the periapical lesion after periodic appointments. The lesion width of the PRF group was significantly smaller than that of the non-PRF group in the sixth and ninth month after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
PRF is a promising apical barrier matrix when combined with MTA for the treatment of teeth with open apices and periapical periodontitis. Small number of study subjects and the short time of follow-up period limit the generalizability of these results.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
TCTR, TCTR20221109006. Registered 09 November 2022 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20221109006 .
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Female; Male; Aluminum Compounds; Silicates; Calcium Compounds; Adult; Tooth Apex; Drug Combinations; Middle Aged; Oxides; Periapical Periodontitis
PubMed: 38796431
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05318-0 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Stem cell-based regeneration strategies have shown therapeutic efficacy in various fields of regenerative medicine. These include bone healing after bone augmentation,...
: Stem cell-based regeneration strategies have shown therapeutic efficacy in various fields of regenerative medicine. These include bone healing after bone augmentation, often complicated by pain, which is managed by using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, information is limited about how NSAIDs affect the therapeutic potential of stem cells. : We investigated the effects of ibuprofen and diclofenac on the characteristics, morphology, and immunophenotype of human mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the dental pulp () and cultured in vitro, as well as their effects on the expression of angiogenic growth factors ( and ) and selected genes in apoptosis signalling pathways (, , , , and 2). : Ibuprofen and diclofenac significantly reduced the viability of DPSCs, while the expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers was unaffected. Both ibuprofen and diclofenac treatment significantly upregulated the expression of , while the expression of remained unchanged. Ibuprofen significantly altered the expression of several apoptosis-related genes, including the upregulation of and , with decreased expression. BAK, CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2 expressions were significantly increased in the diclofenac-treated DPSCs, while no difference was demonstrated in BAX expression. : Our results suggest that concomitant use of the NSAIDs ibuprofen or diclofenac with stem cell therapy may negatively impact cell viability and alter the expression of apoptosis-related genes, affecting the efficacy of stem cell therapy.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Diclofenac; Apoptosis; Ibuprofen; Cell Survival; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38792973
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050787 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The application of calcium coacervates (CCs) may hold promise for dental hard tissue remineralization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the...
The application of calcium coacervates (CCs) may hold promise for dental hard tissue remineralization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the infiltration of artificial enamel lesions with a CC and its single components including polyacrylic acid (PAA) compared to that of the self-assembling peptide P-4 in a pH-cycling (pHC) model. Enamel specimens were prepared from bovine incisors, partly varnished, and stored in demineralizing solution (DS; pH 4.95; 17 d) to create two enamel lesions per sample. The specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 15). While one lesion per specimen served as the no-treatment control (NTC), another lesion (treatment, T) was etched (HPO, 5 s), air-dried and subsequently infiltrated for 10 min with either a CC (10 mg/mL PAA, 50 mM CaCl (Ca) and 1 M KHPO (PO)) (groups CC and CC + DS) or its components PAA, Ca or PO. As a commercial control, the self-assembling peptide P-4 (Curodont Repair, Credentis, Switzerland) was tested. The specimens were cut perpendicularly to the lesions, with half serving as the baseline (BL) while the other half was exposed to either a demineralization solution for 20 d (pH 4.95; group CC + DS) or pHC for 28 d (pH 4.95, 3 h; pH 7, 21 h; all five of the other groups). The difference in integrated mineral loss between the lesions at BL and after the DS or pHC, respectively, was analyzed using transversal microradiography (ΔΔZ = ΔZ - ΔZ). Compared to the NTC, the mineral gain in the T group was significantly higher in the CC + DS, CC and PAA ( < 0.05, Wilcoxon). In all of the other groups, no significant differences between treated and untreated lesions were detected ( > 0.05). Infiltration with the CC and PAA resulted in a consistent mineral gain throughout the lesion body. The CC as well as its component PAA alone promoted the remineralization of artificial caries lesions in the tested pHC model. Infiltration with PAA further resulted in mineral gain in deeper areas of the lesion body.
PubMed: 38790332
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050465 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials.
METHODS
Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS
No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Sodium Fluoride; Dentin; Fluorides, Topical; Fibroblasts; Cell Survival; Tooth Wear; Materials Testing; Polyphosphates
PubMed: 38789946
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04373-9