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Scientific Reports May 2024Cyanobacteria bloom and the secondary metabolites released by the microorganism are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, yet study on their adverse effects in...
Cyanobacteria bloom and the secondary metabolites released by the microorganism are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, yet study on their adverse effects in zoobenthos is rare. Corbicula fluminea widely distributed in freshwater environment with algal blooms. It is a typical filter feeding zoobenthos that may be affected by the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria due to its high filtering rate. In this study, C. fluminea was exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa exudates (MaE) for 96 h, which was obtained from 5 × 10 cells/mL and 2.5 × 10 cells/mL exponential stage M. aeruginosa culture solution that represented cyanobacteria cell density needs environmental risk precaution control and emergent control, respectively. The responses of C. fluminea critical organs to MaE were analyzed and evaluated based on histopathological sections, antitoxicity biomarkers, and organ function biomarkers. The results showed that all the organs underwent structural disorders, cell vacuolization, apoptosis, and necrosis, and the damage levels increased as MaE concentration increased. The detoxification and antioxidant defense systems biomarkers in each organ response to MaE exposure differently and the level of reaction improved when MaE concentration increased. The siphon rate and acetylcholinesterase activity showed that the filtration function decreased significantly as the MaE concentration increased. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and amylase in the digestive gland indicate that it is the major detoxification organ of C. fluminea. Increased vitellogenin concentration and enlarged oocytes in the gonad indicate that MaE may have an estrogenic effect on C. fluminea. This study demonstrates that cyanobacteria threat benthic bivalves by inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting filtering feeding system, and disturbing digestion system and reproduction potential of C. fluminea.
Topics: Animals; Microcystis; Corbicula; Reproduction; Filtration; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38740841
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61333-7 -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2024A 59-year-old man with pancytopenia underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for suspected carcinomatosis. The scan revealed...
A 59-year-old man with pancytopenia underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for suspected carcinomatosis. The scan revealed diffuse bone marrow uptake, prompting further investigation. Bone marrow analysis revealed no malignant cells; however, erythroblasts with cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed. Subsequent testing showed low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, indicating copper deficiency. Copper supplementation resulted in significant improvement in cytopenia. Notably, the bone marrow uptake on subsequent scans decreased significantly. This case highlights the importance of considering copper deficiency as a potential cause of diffuse bone marrow uptake of F-fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
PubMed: 38737170
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.03.094 -
Global Medical Genetics Jun 2024-related myopathy is one of the rare forms of slowly progressive myopathy observed in males. Till now, there have been only a handful of reports, mainly from...
-related myopathy is one of the rare forms of slowly progressive myopathy observed in males. Till now, there have been only a handful of reports, mainly from Europe and America, and two reports from India. Here, we describe a case of genetically confirmed -associated myopathy with clinical, histopathological, and imaging features with a list of known VMA21 mutations. A 29-year-old man had the onset of symptoms at 18 years of age with features of proximal lower limb weakness. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed the preferential involvement of vasti and adductor magnus. A biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed features of autophagic vacuolar myopathy with vacuoles containing granular eosinophilic materials. In targeted next-generation sequencing, hemizygous mutation in the 3' splice site of intron 2 of the gene (c.164-7 T > A) was identified and confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. This report expands the phenotypic and genotypic profile of -related myopathy, with a yet unreported mutation in India.
PubMed: 38736558
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786815 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal May 2024Protein complexes from edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.) composed of pleurotolysin A2 (PlyA2) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB) exert toxicity in feeding tests against...
Protein complexes from edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.) composed of pleurotolysin A2 (PlyA2) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB) exert toxicity in feeding tests against Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae, acting through the interaction with insect-specific membrane sphingolipid. Here we present a new strategy for crop protection, based on in planta production of PlyA2/PlyB protein complexes, and we exemplify this strategy in construction of transgenic potato plants of cv Désirée. The transgenics in which PlyA2 was directed to the vacuole and PlyB to the endoplasmic reticulum are effectively protected from infestation by CPB larvae without impacting plant performance. These transgenic plants showed a pronounced effect on larval feeding rate, the larvae feeding on transgenic plants being on average five to six folds lighter than larvae feeding on controls. Further, only a fraction (11%-37%) of the larvae that fed on transgenic potato plants completed their life cycle and developed into adult beetles. Moreover, gene expression analysis of CPB larvae exposed to PlyA2/PlyB complexes revealed the response indicative of a general stress status of larvae and no evidence of possibility of developing resistance due to the functional inactivation of PlyA2/PlyB sphingolipid receptors.
PubMed: 38733093
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14365 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Weedy rice is the most challenging weed species to remove in rice production. We found a novel phenotype of seedling leaves which rapidly generates necrotic spots in...
Weedy rice is the most challenging weed species to remove in rice production. We found a novel phenotype of seedling leaves which rapidly generates necrotic spots in response to imidazolinone herbicides in weedy rice, but its influencing factors and formation basis are still unknown. In this study, we used the leaf necrotic spot-producing type of weedy rice as the material. First, leaf necrotic spots were defined as physiological and vacuole-mediated cell necrosis by microscopic examination. The imazethapyr concentration was positively correlated with the degree of necrotic spots occurring, while the action site was in accordance with necrosis using herbicide stability tests combined with fluorescence parameters. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the lipid metabolism membrane structure damage pathway during necrosis, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The light-temperature test also showed that high temperature and intense light could promote the appearance of necrotic spots. These experimental results are helpful in clarifying the process and basis of imazethapyr in inducing the rapid generation of necrotic spots in rice leaves and providing new insight into understanding the mechanism of response to imidazolinone herbicides and the control of weedy rice.
PubMed: 38732432
DOI: 10.3390/plants13091218 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Despite the promising applications of the use of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field, the long-lasting effects of QDs on the cell remain poorly understood. To...
Despite the promising applications of the use of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field, the long-lasting effects of QDs on the cell remain poorly understood. To comprehend the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of QDs in yeast, we characterized defects associated with receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) as well as pinocytosis using as a model in the presence of cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) QDs. Our findings revealed that QDs led to an inefficient RME at the early, intermediate, and late stages of endocytic patch maturation at the endocytic site, with the prolonged lifespan of GFP fused yeast fimbrin (Sac6-GFP), a late marker of endocytosis. The transit of FM1-43, a lipophilic dye from the plasma membrane to the vacuole, was severely retarded in the presence of QDs. Finally, QDs caused an accumulation of monomeric red fluorescent protein fused carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (mRFP-Cps1), a vacuolar lumen marker in the vacuole. In summary, the present study provides novel insights into the possible impact of CdSe/ZnS QDs on the endocytic machinery, enabling a deeper comprehension of QD toxicity.
Topics: Quantum Dots; Endocytosis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cadmium Compounds; Selenium Compounds; Sulfides; Zinc Compounds; Vacuoles; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Cell Membrane
PubMed: 38731933
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094714 -
Virulence Dec 2024() is the causative agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease. Intracellular replication of requires the maturation of a phagolysosome-like compartment known as the...
() is the causative agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease. Intracellular replication of requires the maturation of a phagolysosome-like compartment known as the replication permissive -containing vacuole (CCV). Effector proteins secreted by the Dot/Icm secretion system are indispensable for maturation of a single large CCV by facilitating the fusion of promiscuous vesicles. However, the mechanisms of CCV maintenance and evasion of host cell clearance remain to be defined. Here, we show that secreted vacuolar protein E (CvpE) contributes to CCV biogenesis by inducing lysosome-like vacuole (LLV) enlargement. LLV fission by tubulation and autolysosome degradation is impaired in CvpE-expressing cells. Subsequently, we found that CvpE suppresses lysosomal Ca channel transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) activity in an indirect manner, in which CvpE binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] and perturbs PIKfyve activity in lysosomes. Finally, the agonist of TRPML1, ML-SA5, inhibits CCV biogenesis and replication. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of CCV maintenance by CvpE and suggest that the agonist of TRPML1 can be a novel potential treatment that does not rely on antibiotics for Q fever by enhancing Coxiella-containing vacuoles (CCVs) fission.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bacterial Proteins; Coxiella burnetii; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lysosomes; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Q Fever; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; Vacuoles
PubMed: 38725096
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350893 -
American Journal of Translational... 2024To establish a cellular-level mechanical injury model for human skeletal muscle cells and investigate changes in the mechanical effect mechanism after such injuries.
OBJECTIVE
To establish a cellular-level mechanical injury model for human skeletal muscle cells and investigate changes in the mechanical effect mechanism after such injuries.
METHODS
The FX-5000™ Compression System was used to apply constant static mechanical pressure to human skeletal muscle cells. A factorial design analysis was conducted to discover the optimal injury model by evaluating the correlation between the amount of pressure, the duration of mechanical stimulation, and the number of days of observation. Skeletal muscle cell injury was evaluated by measuring cell metabolism, morphology, and calcium homeostasis.
RESULTS
Mechanical injury was modeled as continuous pressure of 1 MPa for 2 hours with observation for 3 days. The results show that mechanical injury increased creatine kinase, intracellular Ca concentration, and malondialdehyde content, decreased superoxide dismutase, and caused cell swelling and severe cytoplasmic vacuolization (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This model of mechanically-injured human skeletal muscle cells provides an experimental model for the clinically common skeletal muscle injury caused by static loading pressure. It may be used to study the mechanism of action of treatment methods for mechanically injured skeletal muscle.
PubMed: 38715806
DOI: 10.62347/HCXU6226 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Inflammatory myopathy with mitochondrial pathology (IM-Mito) is a rare condition described in a few case series, and it is not clear whether it is a specific disease or...
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory myopathy with mitochondrial pathology (IM-Mito) is a rare condition described in a few case series, and it is not clear whether it is a specific disease or a variant of Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM). Radiological data of IM-Mito patients has only been evaluated in one study.
AIM
To analyze whole-body muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in patients with IM-Mito compared with individuals with IBM.
METHODS
Fourteen IM-Mito and ten IBM patients were included. IM-Mito was defined by endomysial inflammatory infiltrate, presence of at least 1% of Cytochrome C Oxidase negative fibers, and absence of rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsy; and IBM was defined by the presence of dystrophic muscular abnormalities, endomysial inflammatory infiltrate, and rimmed vacuoles. Patients underwent clinical evaluation and whole-body muscle MRI to determine the presence of edema, and fatty infiltration in various muscles.
RESULTS
Muscle imaging abnormalities were asymmetric in most patients with IM-Mito and IBM. Muscles with the highest average degree of fatty infiltration in both conditions were the quadriceps and medial gastrocnemius. Most patients with IM-Mito and IBM showed imaging patterns of rectus femoris relatively spared compared to other quadriceps muscles. The flexor digitorum profundus was the most affected muscle of the upper limbs in both IBM and IM-Mito.
DISCUSSION
Although the results suggest some similarities in muscle imaging features between IM-Mito and IBM, there remains uncertainty whether these two conditions are part of the same clinical spectrum.
PubMed: 38715692
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1386293 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024The purpose of this study is to develop an animal model of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and investigate the role of the TRPC5 channel in cardiac damage in OSAHS...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to develop an animal model of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and investigate the role of the TRPC5 channel in cardiac damage in OSAHS rats.
METHODS
Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the CIH group and the Normoxic Control (NC) group. Changes in structure, function, and pathology of heart tissue were observed through echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, HE-staining, and TUNEL staining.
RESULTS
The Interventricular Septum thickness at diastole (IVSd) and End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) of rats in the CIH group significantly increased, whereas the LV ejection fraction and LV fraction shortening significantly decreased. TEM showed that the myofilaments in the CIH group were loosely arranged, the sarcomere length varied, the cell matrix dissolved, the mitochondrial cristae were partly flocculent, the mitochondrial outer membrane dissolved and disappeared, and some mitochondria were swollen and vacuolated. The histopathological examination showed that the cardiomyocytes in the CIH group were swollen with granular degeneration, some of the myocardial fibers were broken and disorganized, and most of the nuclei were vacuolar and hypochromic.
CONCLUSION
CIH promoted oxidative stress, the influx of Ca, and the activation of the CaN/NFATc signaling pathway, which led to pathological changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes, the increase of myocardial apoptosis, and the decrease of myocardial contractility. These changes may be associated with the upregulation of TRPC5.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats; Apoptosis; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Echocardiography; Hypoxia; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; TRPC Cation Channels
PubMed: 38703717
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100368