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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Feb 2024The relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted more attention recently, whereas profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted more attention recently, whereas profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) metabolic signatures in AD patients have rarely been characterized; thus, little evidence exists to support the oral-brain axis hypothesis. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize both the microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF in patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) for the first time.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. Clinical examinations were performed on all participants. The microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF were characterized using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
Thirty-two patients with AD, 32 patients with aMCI, and 32 cognitively normal people were enrolled. The severity of periodontitis was significantly increased in AD patients compared with aMCI patients and cognitively normal people. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the relative abundances of 16 species in subgingival plaque were significantly correlated with cognitive function, and LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 165 differentially abundant metabolites in GCF. Moreover, multiomics Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) analysis revealed that 19 differentially abundant metabolites were significantly correlated with Veillonella parvula, Dialister pneumosintes, Leptotrichia buccalis, Pseudoleptotrichia goodfellowii, and Actinomyces massiliensis, in which galactinol, sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine, D-mannitol, 1 h-indole-1-pentanoic acid, 3-(1-naphthalenylcarbonyl)- and L-iditol yielded satisfactory accuracy for the predictive diagnosis of AD progression.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first combined subgingival microbiome and GCF metabolome study in patients with AD and aMCI, which revealed that periodontal microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disorders may be involved in the etiology and progression of AD, and the differential abundance of the microbiota and metabolites may be useful as potential markers for AD in the future.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Periodontitis; Microbiota; Cognitive Dysfunction
PubMed: 38373985
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01402-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this...
INTRODUCTION
The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in the microbial community of supragingival plaques to explore the effects of spaceflight microgravity environment on oral microecology.
METHODS
Sixteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and supragingival plaque samples were collected under -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) at five-time points: day 1 before HDBR; days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR; and day 6 of recovery. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using gene sequencing technology with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V3-V4 hypervariable region amplification and the obtained data were analyzed bioinformatically.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity analysis showed a significant increase in species richness in supragingival plaque samples on day 15 of HDBR compared with that at pre-HDBR. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the community composition differed among the groups. Species distribution showed that, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundances of and increased significantly during HDBR, while those of , , and decreased significantly. Moreover, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundance of increased significantly on day 6 of recovery, whereas the relative abundances of and decreased significantly. Network analysis showed that the interaction relationship between the dominant genera became simpler during HDBR, and the positive and negative correlations between them showed dynamic changes. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed that the amino acid metabolism function of plaque microorganisms was more enriched during HDBR.
DISCUSSION
In summary, in a 15-day simulated microgravity environment, the diversity, species distribution, interaction relationship, and metabolic function of the supragingival plaque microbial community changed, which suggests that microgravity may affect the oral microecosystem by changing the balance of supragingival plaque microbial communities and further leading to the occurrence and development of oral diseases.
PubMed: 38328428
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1331023 -
Veterinary Research Feb 2024This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs...
This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays for H. suis, F. gastrosuis and H. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing for pars oesophagea microbiome analyses. All 150 pig stomachs showed lesions. F. gastrosuis was detected in 115 cases (77%) and H. suis in 117 cases (78%), with 92 cases (61%) of co-infection; H. pylori-like organisms were detected in one case. Higher infectious loads of H. suis increased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.14, p = 0.038), while the presence of H. suis infection in the pyloric gland zone increased the probability of pars oesophageal erosions [16.4% (95% CI 0.6-32.2%)]. The causal effect of H. suis was mediated by decreased pars oesophageal microbiome diversity [-1.9% (95% CI - 5.0-1.2%)], increased abundances of Veillonella and Campylobacter spp., and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. Higher infectious loads of F. gastrosuis in the pars oesophagea decreased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 0.8, p = 0.0014). Feed pelleting had no significant impact on the prevalence of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.72, p = 0.28). H. suis infections are a risk factor for ulceration of the porcine pars oesophagea, probably mediated through alterations in pars oesophageal microbiome diversity and composition.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Stomach Ulcer; Helicobacter heilmannii; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine Diseases; Helicobacter Infections; Gastric Mucosa; Microbiota; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 38317242
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01274-1 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2024Sepsis can cause immune dysregulation and multiple organ failure in patients and eventually lead to death. The gut microbiota has demonstrated its precise therapeutic...
BACKGROUND
Sepsis can cause immune dysregulation and multiple organ failure in patients and eventually lead to death. The gut microbiota has demonstrated its precise therapeutic potential in the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to discuss the structural changes of the gut microbiota in patients with sepsis and to analyze the differences in the gut microbiota of patients with different prognoses.
METHODS
We conducted a multicenter study in which rectal swab specimens were collected on the first and third days of sepsis diagnosis. A total of 70 specimens were collected, and gut microbiota information was obtained by 16S rRNA analysis.
RESULTS
The relative abundance of Enterococcus decreased in rectal swab specimens during the first three days of diagnosis in patients with sepsis, while the relative abundance of inflammation-associated Bacillus species such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidetes increased. By comparing the differences in the flora of the survival group and the death group, we found that the abundance of Veillonella and Ruminococcus in the death group showed an increasing trend (p < 0.05), while the abundance of Prevotella_6 and Prevotella_sp_S4_BM14 was increased in surviving patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, reflecting overall gut microbial composition, was significantly lower on day three of sepsis diagnosis. Changes in the abundance of specific gut microbiota may serve as prognostic markers in patients with sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Feces; Firmicutes; Sepsis; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38302899
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03188-6 -
Heliyon Jan 2024It has been suggested that a corona virus infection is linked to chronic periodontitis (COVID-19). Our objectives were to look at the expression of...
It has been suggested that a corona virus infection is linked to chronic periodontitis (COVID-19). Our objectives were to look at the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in periodontal compartments containing periodontal infections to determine if ACE2 is directly or indirectly responsible for the inflammation in periodontal tissues getting worse. In this study, six non-COVID-19 periodontitis patients without diabetes served as controls, and 23 hospitalized periodontitis patients were admitted with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus (Group 1/G1, n = 10), and without diabetes (Group 2/G2, n = 13). We evaluated the mRNA expression of ACE2, IL-6, IL-8, complement C3, and LL-37, as well as the relative proportion of , , and to represent the dysbiosis condition in periodontal microenvironment using subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) samples and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Every analysis was done to ascertain how they related to one another. The area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of inflammatory indicators. All the grouped patients had ACE2 detected, according to our findings, but only the G1 patients had a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between ACE2 expression and the inflammatory markers. The combination of IL-6 and C3 mRNAs was found to be 0.78 and 0.55 for the G1 group and the G2 group, respectively, based on the ROC and AUC values. According to our research, the relationship between complement C3 and IL-6 may be able to predict the degree of periodontal inflammation in COVID-19 patients who also have diabetes.
PubMed: 38293542
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24089 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2024The relationship between COVID-19 and nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota has been investigated mainly in the adult population. We explored the NP profile of children...
UNLABELLED
The relationship between COVID-19 and nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota has been investigated mainly in the adult population. We explored the NP profile of children affected by COVID-19, compared to healthy controls (CTRLs). NP swabs of children with COVID-19, collected between March and September 2020, were investigated at the admission (), 72 h to 7 days (), and at the discharge () of the patients. NP microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA targeted-metagenomics. Data from sequencing were investigated by QIIME 2.0 and PICRUSt 2. Multiple machine learning (ML) models were exploited to classify patients compared to CTRLs. The NP microbiota of COVID-19 patients ( = 71) was characterized by reduction of α-diversity compared to CTRLs ( = 59). The NP microbiota of COVID-19 cohort appeared significantly enriched in , , , , , , , Enterobacteriaceae, , , and reduced in , , , , , and compared to CTRLs (FDR < 0.001). Exploiting ML models, , and resulted as NP microbiota biomarkers, in COVID-19 patients. No statistically significant differences were found comparing the NP microbiota profile of COVID-19 patients during the time-points or grouping patients on the basis of high, medium, and low viral load (VL). This evidence provides specific pathobiont signatures of the NP microbiota in pediatric COVID-19 patients, and the reduction of anaerobic protective commensals. Our data suggest that the NP microbiota may have a specific disease-related signature since infection onset without changes during disease progression, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 VL.
IMPORTANCE
Since the beginning of pandemic, we know that children are less susceptible to severe COVID-19 disease. A potential role of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota has been hypothesized but to date, most of the studies have been focused on adults. We studied the NP microbiota modifications in children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection showing a specific NP microbiome profile, mainly composed by pathobionts and almost missing protective anaerobic commensals. Moreover, in our study, specific microbial signatures appear since the first days of infection independently from SARS-CoV-2 viral load.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; COVID-19; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; SARS-CoV-2; Microbiota; Nasopharynx; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38289047
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03009-23 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2024The respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) is a microbial ecosystem inhabiting different niches throughout the airway. A critical role for the RTM in dictating lung... (Review)
Review
The respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) is a microbial ecosystem inhabiting different niches throughout the airway. A critical role for the RTM in dictating lung infection outcomes is underlined by recent efforts to identify community members benefiting respiratory tract health. Obligate anaerobes common in the oropharynx and lung such as Prevotella and Veillonella are associated with improved pneumonia outcomes and activate several immune defense pathways in the lower airway. Colonizers of the nasal cavity, including Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum, directly impact the growth and virulence of lung pathogens, aligning with robust clinical correlations between their upper airway abundance and reduced respiratory tract infection risk. Here, we highlight recent work identifying respiratory tract bacteria that promote airway health and resilience against disease, with a focus on lung infections and the underlying mechanisms driving RTM-protective benefits.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Oropharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Microbiota
PubMed: 38277901
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102428 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024() and () are widely used as probiotics to improve performance in animal production, but there have been few reports of their impacts on pigeon milk. In this study,...
() and () are widely used as probiotics to improve performance in animal production, but there have been few reports of their impacts on pigeon milk. In this study, twenty-four pairs of parental pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates, and each pair feeding three squabs. The control group drank normal water. The group, group, and mixed group drank water supplemented with 3 × 10 CFU/mL , 2 × 10 CFU/mL , and a mixture of these two probiotics, respectively. The experiment lasted 19 days. The results demonstrated that the IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in the milk of Group D pigeons than in the other groups. At the phylum level, , , and were the three main phyla identified. At the genus level, , , , and were the four main genera identified. In conclusion, drinking water supplemented with and could improve immunoglobulin levels in pigeon milk, and this could increase the ability of squabs to resist disease. and could be used as probiotics in the pigeon industry.
PubMed: 38254347
DOI: 10.3390/ani14020178 -
IScience Jan 2024Seven healthy, physically active men (n = 3) and women (n = 4) (30.7 ± 7.5 years, 172.7 ± 8.7 cm, 70.4 ± 11.6 kg, 23.6 ± 4.1 kg/m, 49.2 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min)...
Seven healthy, physically active men (n = 3) and women (n = 4) (30.7 ± 7.5 years, 172.7 ± 8.7 cm, 70.4 ± 11.6 kg, 23.6 ± 4.1 kg/m, 49.2 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min) supplemented for 14 days with a placebo (PLA) or 1 × 10 CFU doses of the probiotic FB0054 (FitBiomics, New York, NY). Participants had safety panels, hemodynamics, lactate, and anaerobic capacity assessed. Stool samples were collected to evaluate for metagenomic and metabolomic changes. Exhaustion times were not different between groups, whereas anaerobic capacity tended to shorten with PLA (61.14 ± 72.04 s; 95% CI: -5.49, 127.77 s, p = 0.066) with no change with VA (13.29 ± 100.13 s, 95% CI: -79.32, 105.89 s, p = 0.738). No changes in lactate, hemodynamics, or bacterial community changes were observed, whereas 14 metabolites exhibited differential expression patterns with VA supplementation. In conclusion, VA maintained exercise performance that tended to decline in PLA. Supplementation was well tolerated with no changes in safety markers or reported adverse events.
PubMed: 38222109
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108643 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jan 2024Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is frequent in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and splenectomy (SP) has been reported to improve LC. Herein, we report the effects of SP on...
BACKGROUND
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is frequent in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and splenectomy (SP) has been reported to improve LC. Herein, we report the effects of SP on gut microbiota, especially on Veillonella parvula, a Gram-negative coccus of the gastrointestinal tract, in LC mice, and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS
LC mice models were induced by tail vein injection of concanavalin A (ConA), followed by SP. 16 s rRNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the effects of ConA induction and SP on mouse gut microbiota and the gene expression affected by gut microbiota. LC mice receiving SP were gavaged with Veillonella parvula. Likewise, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes (HC) were induced with conditioned medium (CM) of Veillonella parvula.
RESULTS
SP alleviated LC in mice by restoring gut barrier function and maintaining gut microbiota balance, with Veillonella as the key genus. The Veillonella parvula gavage on LC mice reversed the ameliorative effect of SP. The CM of Veillonella parvula promoted the activation of HSC and the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Also, the CM of Veillonella parvula induced HC pyroptosis and the release of ALT and AST. Veillonella parvula represented an imbalance in the gut microbiota, thus enhancing gut-derived endotoxins in the liver with the main target being Tlr4/Nlrp3. Inhibition of Tlr4 blocked Veillonella parvula-induced HC damage, HSC activation, and subsequent LC progression.
CONCLUSION
SP-mediated gut microbiota regulation ameliorates ConA-related LC progression by inhibiting Tlr4/Nlrp3 in the liver.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Splenectomy; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Liver Cirrhosis; Veillonella
PubMed: 38214780
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05055-5