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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may be the most promising substitute for antibiotics due to their effective antimicrobial activities and multiple function mechanisms...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may be the most promising substitute for antibiotics due to their effective antimicrobial activities and multiple function mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a novel AMP containing 51 amino acids, named Lc1687, was screened from the large yellow croaker () a system. Bioinformatics and circular dichroism (CD) analyses showed that Lc1687 is a novel anionic amphiphilic α-helical peptide, which was derived from the C-terminal of a Ferritin heavy subunit. The recombinant Lc1687 (named rLc1687) purified from exhibited strong activities against Gram-positive (Gram+) bacterium , Gram-negative (Gram-) bacteria , and . Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the possible function mechanisms of this peptide, which is to target and disrupt the bacterial cell membranes, including pore-forming, loss of fimbriae, and cytoplasm overflow, whereas gel retardation assay revealed that peptide Lc1687 cannot bind bacterial DNA. The peptide stability analysis showed that rLc1687 acts as a stable antimicrobial agent against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100°C, pH 3-12, and UV radiation time ranging from 15 to 60 min. A hemolytic activity assay confirmed that this peptide may serve as a potential source for clinical medicine development. Taken together, Lc1687 is a novel AMP as it is a firstly confirmed Ferritin fragment with antimicrobial activity. It is also a promising agent for the development of peptide-based antibacterial and anti-parasitic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Antimicrobial Peptides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Peptides; Perciformes
PubMed: 37275897
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168517 -
Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023The noncholera spp. which cause vibriosis are abundantly found in our water ecosystem. These bacteria could negatively affect both humans and animals. To date, there is...
BACKGROUND
The noncholera spp. which cause vibriosis are abundantly found in our water ecosystem. These bacteria could negatively affect both humans and animals. To date, there is a paucity of information available on the existence and pathogenicity of this particular noncholera spp. in Malaysia in comparison to their counterpart, .
METHODS
In this study, we extracted retrospective data from Malaysian surveillance database. Analysis was carried out using WHONET software focusing noncholera spp. including , , , , (), , , and .
RESULTS
Here, we report the first distribution and prevalence of these species isolated in Malaysia together with the antibiotic sensitivity profile based on the species. We found that is the predominant species isolated in Malaysia. Noticeably, across the study period, is becoming more prevalent, as compared to . In addition, this study also reports the first isolation of pathogenic from stool in Malaysia.
CONCLUSION
These data represent an important step toward understanding the potential emergence of noncholera spp. outbreaks.
PubMed: 37274080
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2716789 -
Heliyon Jun 2023is a facultative anaerobic, alkalophilic, halophilic, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that can cause severe wound infection, sepsis and diarrhea. This paper...
is a facultative anaerobic, alkalophilic, halophilic, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that can cause severe wound infection, sepsis and diarrhea. This paper reported a case of 85-year-old male patient infected with due to being stabbed by a sea shrimp. This patient also had diabetes with a long history of alcoholism. Due to bacterial pathogenicity and the patient's underlying diseases, his condition deteriorated rapidly. Based on the rapid diagnosis of using the next-generation sequencing(NGS)technology and blood culture method, as well as the selection of the most effective antibiotics via drug sensitivity test, this patient underwent precise antimicrobial treatment, thorough debridement and drainage within the shortest possible time, and thus the prognosis of this patient was greatly improved. In this paper, we have systematically explored the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of infection, thus providing a practical reference for the clinicians to quickly identify and treat possible infection in diabetic patients after contacting with sea water or seafood.
PubMed: 37251457
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16521 -
Journal of AOAC International Sep 2023The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay method is a real-time PCR method for the multiplex...
Validation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in Seafood Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 022301.
BACKGROUND
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay method is a real-time PCR method for the multiplex detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in seafood.
OBJECTIVE
The Thermo Scientific SureTect Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus Assay was evaluated for AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.
METHOD
Inclusivity/exclusivity, matrix, product consistency/stability, and robustness studies were conducted to assess the method's performance. For the matrix study, the method was validated using the Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument and the Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 9 (2004), Vibrio and ISO 21872-1:2017 Microbiology of the food chain-Horizontal method for the determination of Vibrio spp.-Part 1: Detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus reference methods.
RESULTS
Matrix studies showed equivalent or superior performance of the candidate method compared to the reference method and, overall, no difference between presumptive and confirmed results, except for one matrix due to high background flora. The inclusivity/exclusivity study correctly identified/excluded all strains analyzed. Robustness testing showed no statistically significant differences in assay performance under varied test conditions. Product consistency and stability studies demonstrated no statistically significant differences between assay lots with different expiration dates.
CONCLUSIONS
The data presented show that the assay constitutes a rapid and reliable workflow for the detection of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in seafood matrixes.
HIGHLIGHTS
The SureTect PCR Assay method allows for fast, reliable detection of stipulated strains in seafood matrixes with results obtained in as little as 80 min post-enrichment.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio cholerae; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seafood; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 37243669
DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad061 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2023Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that changing climatic conditions are influencing environmental factors that enhance growth of pathogenic spp....
Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that changing climatic conditions are influencing environmental factors that enhance growth of pathogenic spp. in aquatic ecosystems. To determine the impact of environmental factors on occurrence of pathogenic spp., samples were collected in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, during 2009 to 2012 and 2019 to 2022. Genetic markers for Vibrio vulnificus () and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (, , and ) were enumerated by direct plating and DNA colony hybridization. Results confirmed seasonality and environmental parameters as predictors. Water temperature showed a linear correlation with and , and two critical thresholds were observed, an initial increase in detectable numbers (>15°C) and a second increase when maximum counts were recorded (>25°C). Temperature and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus ( and ) were not strongly correlated; however, the evidence showed that these organisms persist in oyster and sediment at colder temperatures. Salinity (10 to 15 ppt), total chlorophyll (5 to 25 μg/L), dissolved oxygen (5 to 10 mg/L), and pH (8) were associated with increased abundance of and . Importantly, a long-term increase in spp. numbers was observed in water samples between the two collection periods, specifically at Tangier Sound (lower bay), with the evidence suggesting an extended seasonality for these bacteria in the area. Notably, showed a mean positive increase that was ca. 3-fold overall, with the most significant increase observed during the fall. In conclusion, vibriosis continues to be a risk in the Chesapeake Bay region. A predictive intelligence system to assist decision makers, with respect to climate and human health, is warranted. The genus includes pathogenic species that are naturally occurring in marine and estuarine environments globally. Routine monitoring for species and environmental parameters influencing their incidence is critical to provide a warning system for the public when the risk of infection is high. In this study, occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, both potential human pathogens, in Chesapeake Bay water, oysters, and sediment samples collected over a 13-year period was analyzed. The results provide a confirmation of environmental predictors for these bacteria, notably temperature, salinity, and total chlorophyll , and their seasonality of occurrence. New findings refine environmental parameter thresholds of culturable species and document a long-term increase in populations in the Chesapeake Bay. This study provides a valuable foundation for development of predicative risk intelligence models for incidence during climate change.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Chlorophyll A; Ecosystem; Ostreidae; Vibrio Infections; Water
PubMed: 37222620
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00307-23 -
Open Life Sciences 2023The latest surveillance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the annual incidence of infection is increasing. Unfortunately, in less...
The latest surveillance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the annual incidence of infection is increasing. Unfortunately, in less well-known high-risk groups, this infection is usually excluded from differential diagnosis. Transmitted through wound exposure or ingestion, the mortality rate of foodborne diseases of is the highest of all . is as lethal early diagnosis as Ebola and bubonic plague, so timely treatment is imperative. Sepsis caused by infection mainly exists in the United States and is rarely reported in Southeast Asia. We report a 78-year-old man who went to the local hospital and complained of swelling in his right hand with severe pain. He ate raw salmon 2 days ago and denied other recognized seafood stab or trauma history and other seafood contact history. He was in septic shock at the time of treatment, so we immediately transferred to the emergency intensive care unit and tested for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The diagnosis was confirmed the second day after admission, and eventually he was cured and discharged from the hospital only after medical treatment, thus avoiding the risk of surgical debridement or even amputation. mNGS is helpful for early clinical diagnosis and effective early intervention for etiology, so that patients can get a good prognosis.
PubMed: 37215494
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0584 -
Case of bacteremia in a patient heterozygous for HFE p.C282Y mutation and alcoholic liver cirrhosis.SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2023is a Gram-negative bacterium, a member of the family. is the main cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States because it can cause severe wound infections or...
is a Gram-negative bacterium, a member of the family. is the main cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States because it can cause severe wound infections or sepsis. This microorganism is highly dependent on iron availability. Therefore, patients with high body iron levels are more susceptible to the infection. Prompt treatment with cephalosporins as well as doxycycline is usually administered. We present a case of bacteremia in a patient heterozygous for HFE p.C282Y mutation and underlying alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
PubMed: 37205158
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X231172329 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports May 2023Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium causing three clinical syndromes namely, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin sepsis and primary sepsis. Primary sepsis... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium causing three clinical syndromes namely, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin sepsis and primary sepsis. Primary sepsis exhibits mortality rates exceeding 50%, particularly in the immunocompromised. Vibrio vulnificus is transmitted via consumption of contaminated seafood and contaminated seawater skin exposure. We describe a rare case of an immunocompetent male presenting with an atypical Vibrio vulnificus infection, culminating in severe pneumonia requiring intensive care.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 46 year old Indian male dockyard worker, a non-smoker and teetotaler, of Indian origin presented to the emergency treatment unit of a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka, with fever, productive cough with yellow sputum, pleuritic chest pain and tachypnea for five days. He had no gastrointestinal or skin manifestations. His respiratory rate was 38 breaths/min, pulse rate was 120 bpm, blood pressure was 107/75 mmHg and pulse oximetry was 85% on air. Chest X-ray revealed consolidation of the left lung. Empiric intravenous Piperacillin-tazobactam and Clarithromycin were commenced after obtaining blood and sputum cultures. Over the next 24 h, his oxygen requirement rose and as he required vasopressor support, he was admitted to the intensive care unit. He was intubated and bronchoscopy was performed on day two, which demonstrated thick secretions from left upper bronchial segments. His antibiotics were changed to intravenous ceftriaxone and doxycycline following a positive blood culture report of Vibrio vulnificus. He was ventilated for ten days and his intensive care stay was complicated with a non-oliguric acute kidney injury, with serum creatinine rising up to 8.67 mg/dL (0.81-0.44 mg/dL). He developed mild thrombocytopenia with platelets dropping to 115 × 10 /uL (150-450 × 10/uL) which resolved spontaneously. Vasopressors were weaned off by day eight and the patient was extubated on day ten. He was discharged from intensive care on day twelve and made a full recovery.
CONCLUSIONS
Pneumonia itself is an atypical manifestation of Vibrio vulnificus and furthermore, this patient was immunocompetent and did not exhibit the classical gastro-intestinal and skin manifestations. This case highlights the occurrence of atypical Vibrio sp. infections in patients with high exposure risks and the need for early supportive and appropriate antibiotic therapies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vibrio vulnificus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Doxycycline; Sepsis; Multiple Organ Failure; Pneumonia; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 37202814
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03943-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Although recent studies have shown that the human microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, the impact of microbiota on allergic rhinitis (AR) and...
INTRODUCTION
Although recent studies have shown that the human microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, the impact of microbiota on allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (nAR) has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the composition of the nasal flora in patients with AR and nAR and their role in the pathogenesis.
METHOD
From February to September 2022, 35 AR patients and 35 nAR patients admitted to Harbin Medical University's Second Affiliated Hospital, as well as 20 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period, were subjected to 16SrDNA and metagenomic sequencing of nasal flora.
RESULTS
The microbiota composition of the three groups of study subjects differs significantly. The relative abundance of Vibrio vulnificus and Acinetobacter baumanni in the nasal cavity of AR patients was significantly higher when compared to nAR patients, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus iners, Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, and Escherichia coli was lower. In addition, Lactobacillus murinus and Lacttobacillus kunkeei were also negatively correlated with IgE, while Lacttobacillus kunkeei was positively correlated with age. The relative distribution of Faecalibacterium was higher in moderate than in severe AR patients. According to KEGG functional enrichment annotation, ICMT(protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase,ICMT) is an AR microbiota-specific enzyme that plays a role, while glycan biosynthesis and metabolism are more active in AR microbiota. For AR, the model containing Parabacteroides goldstemii, Sutterella-SP-6FBBBBH3, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Lachnospiraceae bacterium-615, and Bacteroides coprocola had the highest the area under the curve (AUC), which was 0.9733(95%CI:0.926-1.000) in the constructed random forest prediction model. The largest AUC for nAR is 0.984(95%CI:0.949-1.000) for the model containing Pseudomonas-SP-LTJR-52, Lachnospiraceae bacterium-615, Prevotella corporis, Anaerococcus vaginalis, and Roseburia inulinivorans.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, patients with AR and nAR had significantly different microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that the nasal microbiota may play a key role in the pathogenesis and symptoms of AR and nAR, providing us with new ideas for the treatment of AR and nAR.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis; Nasal Cavity; Metagenome; Biodiversity; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 37180436
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1166389 -
Biomaterials Jul 2023The use of appropriately designed immunotherapeutic bacteria is an appealing approach to tumor therapy because the bacteria specifically target tumor tissue and deliver...
The use of appropriately designed immunotherapeutic bacteria is an appealing approach to tumor therapy because the bacteria specifically target tumor tissue and deliver therapeutic payloads. The present study describes the engineering of an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in ppGpp biosynthesis (SAM) that could secrete Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) conjugated to human (hIL15/FlaB) and mouse (mIL15/FlaB) interleukin-15 proteins in the presence of L-arabinose (L-ara). These strains, named SAMphIF and SAMpmIF, respectively, secreted fusion proteins that retained bioactivity of both FlaB and IL15. SAMphIF and SAMpmIF inhibited the growth of MC38 and CT26 subcutaneous (sc) tumors in mice and increased mouse survival rate more efficiently than SAM expressing FlaB alone (SAMpFlaB) or IL15 alone (SAMpmIL15 and SAMphIL15), although SAMpmIF had slightly greater antitumor activity than SAMphIF. The mice treated with these bacteria showed enhanced macrophage phenotype shift, from M2-like to M1-like, as well as greater proliferation and activation of CD4 T, CD8 T, NK, and NKT cells in tumor tissues. After tumor eradication by these bacteria, ≥50% of the mice show no evidence of tumor recurrence upon rechallenge with the same tumor cells, indicating that they had acquired long-term immune memory. Treatment of mice of 4T1 and B16F10 highly malignant sc tumors with a combination of these bacteria and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1 antibody, significantly suppressed tumor metastasis and increased mouse survival rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that SAM secreting IL15/FlaB is a novel therapeutic candidate for bacterial-mediated cancer immunotherapy and that its antitumor activity is enhanced by combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Interleukin-15; Salmonella typhimurium; Neoplasms; Proteins; Immunotherapy; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37148758
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122135