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Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research 2023To compare the visual performance of two distinct types of soft contact lenses (CL) aimed at slowing down myopia progression with the performance of a monofocal soft CL.
PURPOSE
To compare the visual performance of two distinct types of soft contact lenses (CL) aimed at slowing down myopia progression with the performance of a monofocal soft CL.
METHODS
In a prospective double-masked, crossover trial, 18 myopic adults (aged 18-30 years old) were fitted in a randomized order with three types of disposable CL: MiSight (dual-focus), Mylo (extended depth of focus -EDOF-), and Clariti (single distance vision). Measurements were taken after wearing the CL for five days with five days off in between at two different optometry centers. High contrast distance visual acuity (VA) with spectacles and for each of the different CL, subjective refraction, slit lamp exam, aberrometry, stereopsis, monocular and binocular amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility, and horizontal phorias were measured.
RESULTS
The high contrast distance VAwas better for the single vision CL compared to the myopia control CL. No significant differences were observed between the r two myopia control CL. The overall root mean square (RMS) was higher for the double focus CL (RMS = 1.18 0.29 µm), followed by the EDOF CL (RMS = 0.76 0.35 µm) and then the single vision CL (RMS = 0.50 0.19 µm). The primary spherical aberration (SA) mean value was low for all of the three CL, without statistical differences among them. No other significant differences were detected.
CONCLUSION
The overall RMS resulted in a higher value for the dual-focus than the EDOF CL, but no differences in high contrast distance VA and binocularity were detected between them. The monofocal CL's performance was better than the myopia control CL.
PubMed: 38250233
DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v18i4.14544 -
Cureus Dec 2023Microspherophakia constitutes a rare, mostly bilateral anomaly of the crystalline lens, which is characterized by the presence of an increased lens thickness and reduced...
Microspherophakia constitutes a rare, mostly bilateral anomaly of the crystalline lens, which is characterized by the presence of an increased lens thickness and reduced equatorial diameter. It is frequently associated with lens subluxation, translating into a high degree of variable lenticular myopia and defective accommodation. The purpose of this report is to describe the treatment of a three-year-old female patient with microspherophakia, with the scleral fixation of an intraocular lens using the z-suture technique. A three-year-old female patient with Marfan Syndrome presented with high bilateral myopia and esotropia. Lens subluxation was perceived, and she was proposed for bilateral surgery. Scleral fixation of the intraocular lens was performed using the z-suture technique. During the five-year follow-up period, she maintained a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes wearing bifocal glasses. Microspherophakia is a rare but impactful condition, frequently related to severe and variable refractive error due to the lens shape and zonule instability. Intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag is usually impossible, and scleral fixation is a valid alternative. The z-suture technique avoids suture knots and the need for intrascleral flaps, reducing the risk of suture-related complications.
PubMed: 38222140
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50445 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024To analyze the status of binocular visual functions, the relationship between binocular visual function and computer vision-related symptoms in the high-tech industry...
To analyze the status of binocular visual functions, the relationship between binocular visual function and computer vision-related symptoms in the high-tech industry group. The study sample was comprised of 33 participants aged between 20 and 40 years of age. After completing basic information and the Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS-17) questionnaire, the participants underwent a comprehensive examination of binocular visual function. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS V26.0 software. The value of the binocular vision function of the Taiwan high-tech industry group was significantly different compared with the Scheiman and Morgan standard value. Study subjects were generally found to exhibit larger exophoric at distance, which in turn might lead to a lower ability to maintain binocular fusion to a single image, or recover from fusional disruption at distance. Subjects also experienced accommodation and convergence problems at near at the same time. Age, gender, and refractive errors had no significant impact on CVSS-17 scores, only the duration of computer usage showed a significant effect, particularly for internal symptom factor (ISF) dimensions. In addition, the interaction between the ISF and external symptom factor resulted in more severe visual symptoms. Long-term use of electronic devices may lead to an imbalance in binocular vision function, thereby increasing or exacerbating visual symptoms. If the use of electronic devices is an unchangeable trend, interventions in prescription, visual training or the visual design of electronic products become worthwhile topics for development.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Taiwan; Vision, Binocular; Computers; Software; Accommodation, Ocular; Intrinsic Factor
PubMed: 38191660
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51314-1 -
Medicine Jan 2024Clinicians may become parents during their clinical training and may be exposed to several challenges in career development, burnout and work-life balance. Previous...
Clinicians may become parents during their clinical training and may be exposed to several challenges in career development, burnout and work-life balance. Previous research findings have reported that stressors facing trainees with children warrant greater attention from graduate medical institutions. Additionally, parenting-related information and considerations about the needs of trainees with children across clinical specialties are needed to inform institutional and national policies. A quantitative approach was used to examine clinical trainees' perceptions and experiences of parenting in relation to different specialties, sociodemographic traits, levels of support, and other potential factors influencing their residency and fellowship training and well-being. We used a survey that was distributed to all University of Toronto medical trainees (2214) via email correspondence and social media platforms. The trainees were asked to base their answers on their experience during the academic year of 2019 to 2020 (before the Coronavirus Disease 2019-related shutdown). Our study revealed that clearly, burnout is a concern for physicians who are raising children while in training. Notably, it was higher among younger aged trainees and those beginning their training journey including, first-year fellows and second-year residents, in addition to parents with toddlers. Moreover, female residents and male fellows showed higher burnout than their counterparts. Institutional support was associated with lower rates of burnout, evidenced by access to opportunities, allowing time to breastfeed/express milk and having access to medical care. We found multiple independent and significant factors affecting their rate of burnout including limited access to opportunities, lack of a self-care routine and absence of social community outside of work. The results show the importance of creating a positive learning experience for trainees juggling parenting and training needs, especially those starting their training both as residents and as fellows and those with younger children. Interventions can be categorized into those targeted at the individual and family levels, and institutional levels, with the overarching goal of balancing training and parenting. This can be achieved by fostering learning environments that prevent and decrease burnout and enhance the well-being of trainees and their families, which can start with ensuring trainees are aware of available resources and possible accommodations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Aged; Parenting; Learning; Parents; Burnout, Psychological; Accommodation, Ocular
PubMed: 38181276
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036697 -
Studies in History and Philosophy of... Feb 2024The interpretability of ML models is important, but it is not clear what it amounts to. So far, most philosophers have discussed the lack of interpretability of...
The interpretability of ML models is important, but it is not clear what it amounts to. So far, most philosophers have discussed the lack of interpretability of black-box models such as neural networks, and methods such as explainable AI that aim to make these models more transparent. The goal of this paper is to clarify the nature of interpretability by focussing on the other end of the "interpretability spectrum". The reasons why some models, linear models and decision trees, are highly interpretable will be examined, and also how more general models, MARS and GAM, retain some degree of interpretability. It is found that while there is heterogeneity in how we gain interpretability, what interpretability is in particular cases can be explicated in a clear manner.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Linear Models; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 38176132
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.12.007 -
Nature Communications Jan 2024Near-eye displays are fundamental technology in the next generation computing platforms for augmented reality and virtual reality. However, there are remaining...
Near-eye displays are fundamental technology in the next generation computing platforms for augmented reality and virtual reality. However, there are remaining challenges to deliver immersive and comfortable visual experiences to users, such as compact form factor, solving vergence-accommodation conflict, and achieving a high resolution with a large eyebox. Here we show a compact holographic near-eye display concept that combines the advantages of waveguide displays and holographic displays to overcome the challenges towards true 3D holographic augmented reality glasses. By modeling the coherent light interactions and propagation via the waveguide combiner, we demonstrate controlling the output wavefront using a spatial light modulator located at the input coupler side. The proposed method enables 3D holographic displays via exit-pupil expanding waveguide combiners, providing a large software-steerable eyebox. It also offers additional advantages such as resolution enhancement capability by suppressing phase discontinuities caused by pupil replication process. We build prototypes to verify the concept with experimental results and conclude the paper with discussion.
PubMed: 38169467
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44032-1 -
Journal of Optometry 2024To evaluate the association between visual symptoms and use of digital devices considering the presence of visual dysfunctions.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the association between visual symptoms and use of digital devices considering the presence of visual dysfunctions.
METHODS
An optometric examination was conducted in a clinical sample of 346 patients to diagnose any type of visual anomaly. Visual symptoms were collected using the validated SQVD questionnaire. A threshold of 6 hours per day was used to quantify the effects of digital device usage and patients were divided into two groups: under and above of 35 years old. A multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between digital device use and symptoms, with visual dysfunctions considered as a confounding variable. Crude and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each variable.
RESULTS
57.02 % of the subjects reported visual symptoms, and 65.02% exhibited some form of visual dysfunction. For patients under 35 years old, an association was found between having visual symptoms and digital device use (OR = 2.10, p = 0.01). However, after adjusting for visual dysfunctions, this association disappeared (OR = 1.44, p = 0.27) and the association was instead between symptoms and refractive dysfunction (OR = 6.52, p < 0.001), accommodative (OR = 10.47, p < 0.001), binocular (OR = 6.68, p < 0.001) and accommodative plus binocular dysfunctions (OR = 46.84, p < 0.001). Among patients over 35 years old, no association was found between symptoms and the use of digital devices (OR = 1.27, p = 0.49) but there was an association between symptoms and refractive dysfunction (OR = 3.54, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Visual symptoms are not dependent on the duration of digital device use but rather on the presence of any type of visual dysfunction: refractive, accommodative and/or binocular one, which should be diagnosed.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Vision Disorders; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Accommodation, Ocular; Young Adult; Vision, Binocular; Visual Acuity; Adolescent; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38134467
DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100510 -
NPJ Microgravity Dec 2023Safe and successful operation of the International Space Station robotic arm is a complex task requiring difficult bimanual hand coordination and spatial reasoning...
Safe and successful operation of the International Space Station robotic arm is a complex task requiring difficult bimanual hand coordination and spatial reasoning skills, adherence to operating procedures and rules, and systems knowledge. These task attributes are all potentially affected by chronic sleep loss and circadian misalignment. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial examining the impact of regularly timed low-dose caffeine (0.3 mg kg h) and moderate illuminance blue-enriched white light (~90 lux, ~88 melEDI lux, 6300 K), 16 participants performed 3 types of realistic robotic arm tasks using a high-fidelity desktop simulator overnight. Our goal was to determine how these countermeasures, separately and combined, impacted telerobotic task performance and the ability to allocate attention to an unrelated secondary visual task. We found that all participants maintained a similar level of robotic task performance throughout the primary task but the application of caffeine separately and with blue-enriched light significantly decreased response time to a secondary visual task by -9% to -13%, whereas blue-enriched light alone changed average response times between -4% and +2%. We conclude that, for sleep-restricted individuals, caffeine improved their ability to divide their visual attention, while the effect of blue-enriched light alone was limited. Light and caffeine together was most effective. Use of these countermeasures should improve the margin of safety if astronauts perform familiar tasks under degraded conditions or novel tasks where task workload is increased.
PubMed: 38114503
DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00299-8 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2023The aim of the study was to determine the limits of the far nasal part of the visual field.
AIMS
The aim of the study was to determine the limits of the far nasal part of the visual field.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Visual field examination was performed in 15 healthy subjects (30 eyes), specifically nine women aged 20-43 years and six men aged 22-35 years. All eyes were found to have physiological ocular findings and visual acuity of 1.0 with correction less than or equal to 3 diopters. The visual field was examined with a Medmont M700 instrument by shifting the fixation point 40 degrees temporally and simultaneously turning the head nasally, with a spatial accommodation program. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli.
RESULTS
The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.3% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.7% of eyes.
CONCLUSION
The limit of the far nasal part of the field of vision reached 100-110 degrees (when nose shielding was eliminated).
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Visual Fields; Visual Field Tests; Visual Acuity; Accommodation, Ocular
PubMed: 38086702
DOI: 10.31348/2023/36 -
International Journal of Surgery... Mar 2024Emerging three-dimensional digital visualization technology (DVT) provides more advantages than traditional microscopy in microsurgery; however, its impact on...
Comparing the impact of three-dimensional digital visualization technology versus traditional microscopy on microsurgeons in microsurgery: a prospective self-controlled study.
BACKGROUND
Emerging three-dimensional digital visualization technology (DVT) provides more advantages than traditional microscopy in microsurgery; however, its impact on microsurgeons' visual and nervous systems and delicate microsurgery is still unclear, which hinders the wider implementation of DVT in digital visualization for microsurgery.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Forty-two microsurgeons from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were enrolled in this prospective self-controlled study. Each microsurgeon consecutively performed 30 min conjunctival sutures using a three-dimensional digital display and a microscope, respectively. Visual function, autonomic nerve activity, and subjective symptoms were evaluated before and immediately after the operation. Visual functions, including accommodative lag, accommodative amplitude, near point of convergence and contrast sensitivity function (CSF), were measured by an expert optometrist. Heart rate variability was recorded by a wearable device for monitoring autonomic nervous activity. Subjective symptoms were evaluated by questionnaires. Microsurgical performance was assessed by the video-based Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) tool.
RESULTS
Accommodative lag decreased from 0.63 (0.18) diopters (D) to 0.55 (0.16) D ( P =0.014), area under the log contrast sensitivity function increased from 1.49 (0.15) to 1.52 (0.14) ( P =0.037), and heart rate variability decreased from 36.00 (13.54) milliseconds (ms) to 32.26 (12.35) ms ( P =0.004) after using the DVT, but the changes showed no differences compared to traditional microscopy ( P >0.05). No statistical significance was observed for global OSATS scores between the two rounds of operations [mean difference, 0.05 (95% CI: -1.17 to 1.08) points; P =0.95]. Subjective symptoms were quite mild after using both techniques.
CONCLUSIONS
The impact of DVT-based procedures on microsurgeons includes enhanced accommodation and sympathetic activity, but the changes and surgical performance are not significantly different from those of microscopy-based microsurgery. Our findings indicate that short-term use of DVT is reliable for microsurgery and the long-term effect of using DVT deserve more consideration.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy; Microsurgery; Prospective Studies; Wearable Electronic Devices; Technology
PubMed: 38079600
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000950