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F1000Research 2023Currently there are 1.3 billion adolescents worldwide, which makes up 16% of the world population. Over 20% of adolescents around the world are thought to have...
Currently there are 1.3 billion adolescents worldwide, which makes up 16% of the world population. Over 20% of adolescents around the world are thought to have behavioural or mental health issues. Addressing mental health issues is very important for the promotion of positive health in adolescents. The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years each from urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. Depression, anxiety and stress were found to be 23.1%, 29.4% and 26.6% in urban areas and 19.1%, 24% and 21.1% in rural areas respectively. About a quarter of the adolescent population suffers from depression anxiety and stress. Adopting and implementing better education and health policies are necessary to enhance adolescent mental health.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Male; Depression; Female; Rural Population; Stress, Psychological; Anxiety; Urban Population; Young Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Prevalence
PubMed: 38948506
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139603.2 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024This study explored the correlative factors of falls among the older adult with cognitive impairment, to provide distinct evidence for preventing falls in the older...
INTRODUCTION
This study explored the correlative factors of falls among the older adult with cognitive impairment, to provide distinct evidence for preventing falls in the older adult with cognitive impairment compared with the general older adult population.
METHODS
This study was based on a cross-sectional survey, with an older adult population of 124,124 was included. The data was sourced from the Elderly Care Unified Needs Assessment for Long-Term Care Insurance in Shanghai. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted sequentially on the correlative factors of falls. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on variables that were significant, stratified by cognitive function levels.
RESULTS
The incidence of fall in the past 90 days was 17.67% in this study. Specific variables such as gender (male), advanced age (≥80), residence with a elevator (or lift), mild or moderate disability, quality of sleep (acceptable/poor) were negatively correlated with falls, while higher education level, living alone, residence with indoor steps, unclean and untidy living environment, MCI or dementia, chronic diseases, restricted joints, impaired vision, and the use of diaper were positively correlative factors of falls. Comparing with older adult with normal cognitive functions, older adult with dementia faced a higher risk of falling due to accessibility barrier in the residence. For general older adults, less frequency of going outside and poor social interactions were positively correlated with falls, while for older adult with cognitive impairments, going outside moderately (sometimes) was found positively correlated with falls. Older adults with cognitive impairments have increased fall risks associated with chronic diseases, restricted joints, and the use of diaper. The risk of falling escalated with the greater number of chronic diseases.
DISCUSSION
For older adult with cognitive impairments, it is advisable to live with others. Additionally, creating an accessible living environment and maintaining the cleanness and tidiness can effectively reduce the risk of falls, particularly for those with MCI or dementia. Optimal outdoor activity plans should be developed separately based on the cognitive function of older adults. Older adult with dementia who have comorbidities should be paid special attention in fall prevention compared to the general older adult population.
Topics: Humans; Accidental Falls; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Cognitive Dysfunction; Aged, 80 and over; China; Risk Factors; Incidence
PubMed: 38947354
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376993 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024According to the various screening programs conducted, the prevalence of tobacco use among UAE Nationals is high. A considerable increase is also seen in various forms...
BACKGROUND
According to the various screening programs conducted, the prevalence of tobacco use among UAE Nationals is high. A considerable increase is also seen in various forms of smoking is seen among young military men during deployment which results in loss of physical health, less productivity, readiness and increased health care utilization. Also smokers are more likely to develop other addictions and chronic medical conditions.
AIM
To estimate the prevalence of smoking among national military service recruits in the United Arab Emirates and to find its relation with various factors: socio-demographics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and military environment.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was conducted amongst national service recruits selected by random stratification through a self-administered anonymized questionnaire which was distributed to a final sample of 369 patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chi square, percentage and frequencies were used to present the data where applicable. A < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of smoking among national military service recruits was 41.6%. As the level of education increased the prevalence of smoking decreased. Smokers with insufficient income, divorced or widowed recruits tend to smoke more as against single and married recruits. Smoking rates were decreased in those who exercise regularly. There was a significant relationship between smoking status and chronic diseases. Smoker gatherings inside military campus encouraged initiation of smoking or its continuity. About half of the smokers were not satisfied with environment at military facilities.
CONCLUSION
Smoking has high prevalence among national service military recruits. For this reason, a goal directed future plan toward screening of smokers among recruits and assigning them to smoking cessation clinics and educational seminars prior to joining the national service is the need of the hour.
Topics: Humans; Male; United Arab Emirates; Military Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Smoking; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Female; Adolescent
PubMed: 38947351
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1335545 -
Global Heart 2024The objective of this study is to conduct a temporal analysis of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) disease burden trends over a 30-year period (1991 to 2021), focusing on...
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study is to conduct a temporal analysis of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) disease burden trends over a 30-year period (1991 to 2021), focusing on prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the South Asia (SA).
METHODS
In this ecological study, we analyzed data regarding burden of RHD from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study spanning the years 1991 to 2021 for the SA Region. Estimates of the number RHD-related prevalence, deaths, and DALYs along with age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 population and 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were evaluated.
RESULTS
The overall prevalent cases of RHD in the 2021 were 54785.1 × 10 (43328.4 × 10 to 67605.5 × 10), out of which 14378.8 × 10 (11206.9 × 10 to 18056.9 × 10) were from SA. The ASR of point prevalence showed upward trend between 1991 and 2021, at global level and for SA with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.40 (0.39 to 0.40) and 0.12 (0.11 to 0.13), respectively. The overall number of RHD-related deaths in the 2021 were 373.3 × 10 (324.1 × 10 to 444.8 × 10), out of which 215 × 10 (176.9 × 10 to 287.8 × 10) were from SA, representing 57.6% of the global deaths. The ASR of deaths also showed downward trend between 1991 and 2021, at global level and for SA with an AAPC of -2.66 (-2.70 to -2.63) and -2.07 (-2.14 to -2.00), respectively. The ASR of DALYs showed downward trend between 1990 and 2019, at global level and for South Asian region with an AAPC of -2.47 (-2.49 to -2.44) and -2.22 (-2.27 to -2.17), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The rising age-standardized prevalence of RHD remains a global concern, especially in South Asia which contribute to over 50% of global RHD-related deaths. Encouragingly, declining trends in RHD-related deaths and DALYs hint at progress in RHD management and treatment on both a global and regional scale.
Topics: Humans; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Global Burden of Disease; Male; Female; Prevalence; Adult; Middle Aged; Asia; Cost of Illness; Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Retrospective Studies; Asia, Southern
PubMed: 38947253
DOI: 10.5334/gh.1336 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor and ranks third for cancer-related deaths among the worldwide. The disease poses a serious public health problem... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor and ranks third for cancer-related deaths among the worldwide. The disease poses a serious public health problem in China, ranking fifth for incidence and third for mortality. Knowledge of the invasive depth of the tumor is vital to treatment decisions.
AIM
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCEUS) for preoperative T staging in patients with GC by comparing with multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT).
METHODS
This single prospective study enrolled patients with GC confirmed by preoperative gastroscopy from July 2021 to March 2023. Patients underwent DCEUS, including ultrasonography (US) and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and MDCT examinations for the assessment of preoperative T staging. Features of GC were identified on DCEUS and criteria developed to evaluate T staging according to the 8 edition of AJCC cancer staging manual. The diagnostic performance of DCEUS was evaluated by comparing it with that of MDCT and surgical-pathological findings were considered as the gold standard.
RESULTS
A total of 229 patients with GC (80 T1, 33 T2, 59 T3 and 57 T4) were included. Overall accuracies were 86.9% for DCEUS and 61.1% for MDCT ( < 0.001). DCEUS was superior to MDCT for T1 (92.5% 70.0%, < 0.001), T2 (72.7% 51.5%, = 0.041), T3 (86.4% 45.8%, < 0.001) and T4 (87.7% 70.2%, = 0.022) staging of GC.
CONCLUSION
DCEUS improved the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative T staging in patients with GC compared with MDCT, and constitutes a promising imaging modality for preoperative evaluation of GC to aid individualized treatment decision-making.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Neoplasm Staging; Contrast Media; Prospective Studies; Aged; Ultrasonography; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Adult; China; Gastroscopy; Stomach; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38946876
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.3005 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024In this editorial, we comment on the article entitled "Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?" by Agatsuma ....
In this editorial, we comment on the article entitled "Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?" by Agatsuma . Colorectal cancer (CRC) is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally, adversely affecting the quality of life. Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention, most patients lack screening awareness. Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC. However, due to the lack of awareness of the disease, most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Quality of Life; Neoplasm Staging; Mass Screening; Prognosis; Colonoscopy; Incidence; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Life Style
PubMed: 38946873
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.2959 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2024To determine whether ultrasonic manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) related to embryo qualities or pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI)...
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether ultrasonic manifestations of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) related to embryo qualities or pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) undergoing fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
METHODS
Our study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 589 euthyroid women enrolled from January 2017 to December 2019. 214 TAI women and 375 control women were allocated in each group according to serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). Basal serum hormone levels and thyroid ultrasound were assessed, embryo qualities, pregnancy outcomes were collected from medical records. Diagnosis of thyroid ultrasound was used for subanalysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate outcomes of embryo development and pregnancy.
RESULTS
Implantation rate was significantly lower in euthyroid women with TAI compared with control group (TAI group: 65.5% vs. Control group: 73.0%, adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.44, 0.97), = 0.04). We further stratified TAI group into two groups: one group with HT features under ultrasound and another group with normal thyroid ultrasound. After regression analysis, TAI women with HT morphological changes had a lower chance of implantation compared with control group (TAI group with HT: 64.1% vs. Control group: 73.0%, adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.41, 0.99), = 0.04), while there was no significant difference on implantation rate between TAI women with normal thyroid ultrasound and control group. Other outcomes, such as embryo qualities and pregnancy rate, were comparable between TAI and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher risk of implantation failure was seen among euthyroid women with TAI, especially women with HT morphological changes under ultrasound. The underlying mechanisms of implantation failure among euthyroid HT patients need further research.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Pregnancy; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Retrospective Studies; Embryo Implantation; Thyroid Gland; Ultrasonography; Fertilization in Vitro; Hashimoto Disease; Pregnancy Rate; Autoantibodies; Pregnancy Outcome; Autoimmunity
PubMed: 38946301
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2368832 -
Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) Jun 2024Lung cancer, once rare, has evolved into the global leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily driven by widespread cigarette smoking in the 20th century. This...
BACKGROUND
Lung cancer, once rare, has evolved into the global leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily driven by widespread cigarette smoking in the 20th century. This study explores the historical trends of lung cancer incidence in Denmark over four decades, emphasizing the impact of smoking prevalence, age, and gender on the observed patterns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Drawing upon data from the Danish National Patient Register and information on smoking habits provided by the Danish Health Authority, this study investigates lung cancer incidence rates, demographic shifts, and smoking prevalence from 1980 to 2022.
RESULTS
Smoking prevalence exhibited a consistent decline in males from 1950 to 2022, whereas female smoking prevalence maintained a stable level from 1950 to 1987, followed by a subsequent decline from 1987 to 2022. A peak in lung cancer crude incidence rates was identified during 2014-2017, with no significant difference observed before and after this period. Over the period, the gender distribution transitioned from a male majority to an equal male-female ratio, and age-specific disparities indicated declines in patients aged 50-59 and increases in those above 80 years.
INTERPRETATION
The certainty of a decline in lung cancer incidence in the coming years remains unclear. Based on smoking prevalence, it might still be a decade away. To ensure a sustained decline in lung cancer incidence, targeted interventions are imperative, including customized smoking cessation programs that could be designed favorably for females. Given the modest decline in smoking prevalence over the last decade, legislation aimed at discouraging young individuals from smoking is pivotal. As of now, these efforts have not been implemented in Denmark.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Female; Incidence; Middle Aged; Denmark; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Adult; Prevalence; Smoking; Sex Distribution; Age Distribution; Registries; Sex Factors; Age Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 38946288
DOI: 10.2340/1651-226X.2024.34876 -
Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) Jun 2024In evaluating second primary cancers (SPCs) following External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), the role of lifestyle factors is frequently not considered due to data...
PURPOSE
In evaluating second primary cancers (SPCs) following External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), the role of lifestyle factors is frequently not considered due to data limitations. We investigated the association between smoking, comorbidities, and SPC risks within EBRT-treated patients for localized prostate cancer (PCa).
PATIENTS & METHODS
The study included 1,883 PCa survivors aged 50-79, treated between 2006 and 2013, with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Clinical data were combined with SPC and survival data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry with a 12-month latency period. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were calculated comparing the EBRT cohort with the general Dutch population. To explore the effect of patient and treatment characteristics on SPCs we conducted a Cox regression analysis. Lastly, we estimated cumulative incidences of developing solid SPC, pelvis SPC, and non-pelvis SPC using a competing risk analysis.
RESULTS
Significantly increased SIRs were observed for all SPC (SIR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.34), pelvis SPC (SIR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.78), and non-pelvis SPC (SIR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.04-1.34]). Smoking status was significantly associated with pelvic and non-pelvic SPCs. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 1 (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.91), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.88), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30-2.79) were significantly associated with non-pelvis SPC. The proportion of active smoking numbers in the cohort was similar to the general population.
INTERPRETATION
We conclude that the presence of comorbidities in the EBRT population might be a relevant factor in observed excess non-pelvis SPC risk, but not for excess pelvis SPC risk.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Aged; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Risk Factors; Incidence; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Comorbidity; Smoking; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Registries
PubMed: 38946286
DOI: 10.2340/1651-226X.2024.24334 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2024Salmonellosis is one of the most common food-borne diseases in industrialised and developing countries. In recent year, an increase in antimicrobial resistance among...
BACKGROUND
Salmonellosis is one of the most common food-borne diseases in industrialised and developing countries. In recent year, an increase in antimicrobial resistance among different Salmonella serotypes has been observed.
OBJECTIVE
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from local chicken eggs in four selected towns in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A total of 115 eggs were examined to detect Salmonella by using standard microbiological methods. The susceptibilities of the isolates to nine antimicrobials were tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
RESULT
The study revealed that of the 115 eggs examined, 22 (19.1%) were positive for Salmonella of which 14 (12.2%) and 8 (7%) of the isolates were from shells and contents, respectively. The occurrence of Salmonella in egg shells and content and between different altitudes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Most isolates were resistant to more than three antimicrobials with a high resistance to kanamycin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate the potential importance of local chicken eggs as source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant salmonellae and the need for proper cooking before consumption. Further studies are required to describe the epidemiology of Salmonella in various agroclimatic zones of Ethiopia.
Topics: Animals; Ethiopia; Chickens; Salmonella; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Poultry Diseases; Eggs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38946179
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1529