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Scientific Reports Apr 2024Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains...
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined Moraxella keratitis; based on the findings, we investigated the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition in the cornea of individuals with diabetic mellitus on the adhesion of Moraxella isolates to the cornea. A retrospective analysis of 27 culture-proven cases of Moraxella keratitis at Ehime University Hospital (March 2006 to February 2022) was performed. Moraxella isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the patients, 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 22.2% had the predominant ocular condition of using steroid eye drops. The species identified were Moraxella nonliquefaciens in 59.3% and Moraxella lacunata in 40.7% of patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the effects of M. nonliquefaciens adherence to simian virus 40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with or without AGEs. The results demonstrated the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to HCECs was significantly increased by adding AGEs compared with that in controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in the corneas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with or without pyridoxamine, an AGE inhibitor, the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to the corneas of diabetic mice was significantly reduced by pyridoxamine treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the development of Moraxella keratitis may be significantly influenced by the deposition of AGEs on the corneal epithelium of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Retrospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Pyridoxamine; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Keratitis; Moraxella; Cornea; Glycation End Products, Advanced
PubMed: 38580798
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58659-7 -
Science Advances Apr 2024Despite seizure control by early high-dose pyridoxine (vitamin B6) treatment, at least 75% of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) patients with mutation still suffer...
Despite seizure control by early high-dose pyridoxine (vitamin B6) treatment, at least 75% of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) patients with mutation still suffer from intellectual disability. It points to a need for additional therapeutic interventions for PDE beyond pyridoxine treatment, which provokes us to investigate the mechanisms underlying the impairment of brain hemostasis by ALDH7A1 deficiency. In this study, we show that ALDH7A1-deficient mice with seizure control exhibit altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognitive functions. Mechanistically, ALDH7A1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic lysine catabolism intermediates, α-aminoadipic-δ-semialdehyde and its cyclic form, δ-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, which in turn impair de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and inhibit NSC proliferation and differentiation. Notably, supplementation of pyrimidines rescues abnormal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in ALDH7A1-deficient adult mice. Therefore, our findings not only define the important role of ALDH7A1 in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis but also provide a potential therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the defective mental capacities in PDE patients with seizure control.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Pyridoxine; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Seizures; Pyrimidines; Cognition; Epilepsy; 2-Aminoadipic Acid
PubMed: 38579001
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2764 -
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology Jun 2024Vitamin B plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism and stress response, making it an essential component for growth in all known organisms. However, achieving...
Vitamin B plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism and stress response, making it an essential component for growth in all known organisms. However, achieving efficient biosynthesis of vitamin B faces the challenge of maintaining a balanced distribution of metabolic flux between growth and production. In this study, our focus is on addressing this challenge through the engineering of phosphoserine aminotransferase (SerC) to resolve its redundancy and promiscuity. The enzyme SerC was semi-designed and screened based on sequences and predicted values, respectively. Mutants and heterologous proteins showing potential were then fine-tuned to optimize the production of vitamin B. The resulting strain enhances the production of vitamin B, indicating that different fluxes are distributed to the biosynthesis pathway of serine and vitamin B. This study presents a promising strategy to address the challenge posed by multifunctional enzymes, with significant implications for enhancing biochemical production through engineering processes.
PubMed: 38572022
DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.03.005 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Jun 2024This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pyridoxine compared to Dopaminergic agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine) in post-partum lactation... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pyridoxine compared to Dopaminergic agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine) in post-partum lactation inhibition. Cochrane Central, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar, covering the period from inception to November 2023. Additionally, the bibliographies of included articles and previous meta-analyses were screened for any relevant articles. The systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The outcomes of interest encompassed inhibition of lactation, breast pain/tenderness, breast engorgement, milk secretion, fever, mastitis, prolactin level and adverse events related to pyridoxine, cabergoline and bromocriptine. Methodological quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for rigorous evaluation. Three clinical trials assessed the effectiveness of pyridoxine and dopaminergic agents (cabergoline and bromocriptine) for lactation inhibition. It was assessed by using different assessment methods such as a scale for milk secretion, serum prolactin levels, and questionnaires for assessing breast engorgement, breast pain, and milk leakage. On the global assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of dopaminergic agents, it was found that there was significant inhibition of lactation as compared to pyridoxine (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this systematic review contributes significant insights into lactation inhibition interventions. Dopaminergic agonists, specifically cabergoline and bromocriptine, stand out as more effective and tolerable choices compared to Pyridoxine. These findings provide a foundation for informed clinical decisions and underscore the need for careful consideration of lactation inhibition strategies in diverse clinical contexts.
Topics: Humans; Bromocriptine; Female; Pyridoxine; Cabergoline; Dopamine Agonists; Lactation; Lactation Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38554942
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102783 -
RSC Advances Mar 2024Vitamins are crucial micronutrients found in limited quantities in food, living organisms, and soil. Since most vitamins are not produced within the human body, a lack... (Review)
Review
Vitamins are crucial micronutrients found in limited quantities in food, living organisms, and soil. Since most vitamins are not produced within the human body, a lack of these essential nutrients can result in various physiological disorders. Analyzing vitamins typically involves costly, time-consuming methods, requiring skilled personnel, automated equipment, and dedicated laboratory setups. The pressing need is for the development of efficient, portable, and user-friendly detection techniques that are cost-effective, addressing the challenges associated with traditional analytical approaches. In recent years, electrochemical sensors and electrochemical microfluidic devices have garnered prominence owing to their remarkable sensitivity, quick analysis, cost-effectiveness, and facile fabrication procedures. Electrochemical sensing and microfluidics are two distinct fields that are often integrated to create powerful and versatile sensing devices. The connection between them leverages the advantages of both fields to create highly efficient, miniaturized, and portable analytical systems. This interdisciplinary approach has led to the development of innovative devices with broad applications in various scientific, medical, and environmental domains. This review begins by outlining the importance of vitamins in human nutrition and health and emphasizing the need for precise and reliable sensing techniques. Owing to the limited literature available on electrochemical detection of vitamin B complexes, this review offers an in-depth analysis of modern electrochemical sensing of water-soluble vitamins, focusing on B1, B2, B6, B9, and B12. The challenges faced by researchers are addressed, including selectivity, sensitivity, interference, matrix effects, and calibration, while also exploring promising prospects such as nanomaterial integration, miniaturization, microfluidics-based IoTs, and innovative sensor designs.
PubMed: 38549795
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00555d -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Early-onset sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that occurs at an early age. This condition perpetuates the vicious cycle of muscle...
BACKGROUND
Early-onset sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that occurs at an early age. This condition perpetuates the vicious cycle of muscle loss and is associated with adverse outcomes. It is important to identify the contributing factors for early intervention and prevention. While diet is known to impact muscle mass, the association of B vitamins with early-onset sarcopenia remains unexplored.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the association of B vitamins intake with early-onset sarcopenia risk in a cross-sectional study.
METHODS
We conducted data analysis on a total of 8,711 participants aged between 20 and 59 years who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Early-onset sarcopenia was defined as a SMI measured by DXA that was one standard deviation below the sex-specific mean of the reference population. B vitamins intake (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, and B12) was assessed by 24-h dietary recall. We used weighted multiple logistic regression and RCS models to estimate the OR and 95% CI of sarcopenia by B vitamins intake, adjusting for demographic, physical, lifestyle, comorbidities, and nutritional covariates.
RESULTS
Higher intake of vitamin B1 was associated with a 22% lower sarcopenia risk (OR = 0.78, CI = 0.63-0.97, = 0.022), and higher intake of vitamin B2 with a 16% lower risk (OR = 0.84, CI = 0.74-0.97, = 0.012) in both genders. Gender-specific analyses showed a 28% reduction in sarcopenia risk among males with each additional mg of vitamin B1 intake (OR = 0.72, CI = 0.52-0.97, = 0.038), and a 26% decrease among females with each additional mg of vitamin B2 intake (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.57-0.96, = 0.021). No significant differences were found between vitamin B2 and males, or between vitamin B1 and females. The RCS model suggested a nonlinear relationship between vitamin B2 intake and sarcopenia risk ( = 0.001, = 0.033), with a plateau effect above 3 mg/d.
CONCLUSION
Higher intake of vitamin B1 and B2 may lower the risk of early-onset sarcopenia, with gender differences. This suggests the potential of nutritional intervention by increasing these vitamins intake through diet and supplements. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and design targeted interventions.
PubMed: 38549750
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1369331 -
Nutrients Mar 2024(1) Background: Nutrients play an essential role in bone health, whether in achieving peak bone mineral density (BMD) or maintaining bone health. This study explores the...
(1) Background: Nutrients play an essential role in bone health, whether in achieving peak bone mineral density (BMD) or maintaining bone health. This study explores the relationship between nutrient supply and femoral bone health at different ages. (2) Methods: A total of 5603 participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2010, 2013 to 2014, and 2017 to 2018. Femoral bone mineral density and bone status were dependent variables, and dietary nutrient intake and nutrient intake status were independent variables. The relationship between dietary nutrient intake and bone mineral density was explored, and the importance of nutrients affecting bone status was analyzed through a neural network model. At the same time, we investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and bone status. (3) Results: The peak of age and femoral bone mineral density appeared at 20 years old in our study. After grouping by age, logistic regression analysis showed that before 20 years old, without adjusting other variables, high-fat diet was more likely to have normal bone mass than appropriate fat diet (OR: 4.173, 95%CI: 1.007-17.289). After adjusting for all demographic factors, niacin intake (OR: 1.062, 95%CI: 1.019-1.108) was beneficial for normal bone mass, while vitamin B intake (OR: 0.627, 95%CI: 0.408-0.965) was not. After 20 years old, after adjusting for carbohydrate, protein, vitamin B, niacin, dietary fat, vitamin B, and vitamin B, vitamin B intake (OR: 1.153, 95%CI: 1.04-1.278) was beneficial for normal bone mass, while vitamin B intake (OR: 0.842, 95%CI: 0.726-0.976) was not. After adjusting for all confounding factors, vitamin B intake (OR: 1.288, 95%CI: 1.102-1.506) was beneficial for normal bone mass. In addition, we found that even if there was no statistical significance, the effects of high-fat diet on bone mass were different at different ages. (4) Conclusions: By conducting an in-depth analysis of the NHANES database, this study reveals that dietary factors exert divergent effects on bone health across different age groups, implying the necessity of implementing tailored dietary strategies to maintain optimal bone health at distinct life stages.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Bone Density; Nutrition Surveys; Niacin; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Riboflavin; Vitamins
PubMed: 38542670
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060758 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Currently, scientists are increasingly focusing on utilizing the natural flora of the planet to search for and isolate individual bioactive substances that prevent...
Currently, scientists are increasingly focusing on utilizing the natural flora of the planet to search for and isolate individual bioactive substances that prevent various diseases, contribute to increased life expectancy, and affect all major life-supporting systems in the human body. This study describes the examination of the composition of plant raw materials from the Siberian Federal District. The research focuses on plant specimens from the root parts of and , collected in the Kemerovo region. The study determines the contents of the water-soluble vitamins B and C in the research subjects. The investigation includes assessing antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity, and flavonoid content in extracts based on plant raw materials. All samples show a high percentage of antioxidant activity, with the highest antioxidant activity for at 85.51 and that for at 88.97. The results indicate low antimicrobial activity against (growth inhibition zone up to 15.5 mm). Plant extracts contain significant amounts of B-group vitamins, with pyridoxine in (156.40 μg/mL) and thiamine (46.20 μg/mL) and pyridoxine (357.10 μg/mL) in . Flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) are identified in and extracts based on the study results.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Arctium; Taraxacum; Pyridoxine; Plant Extracts; Vitamins; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38542237
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063263 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Enzymes reliant on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the metabolically active form of vitamin B, hold significant importance in both biology and medicine. They facilitate... (Review)
Review
Enzymes reliant on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the metabolically active form of vitamin B, hold significant importance in both biology and medicine. They facilitate various biochemical reactions, particularly in amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolisms. Vitamin B is absorbed by organisms in its non-phosphorylated form and phosphorylated within cells via pyridoxal kinase (PLK) and pyridox-(am)-ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPOx). The flavin mononucleotide-dependent PNPOx enzyme converts pyridoxine 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate into PLP. PNPOx is vital for both biosynthesis and salvage pathways in organisms producing B vitamers. However, for those depending on vitamin B as a nutrient, PNPOx participates only in the salvage pathway. Transferring the PLP produced via PNPOx to client apo-enzymes is indispensable for their catalytic function, proper folding and targeting of specific organelles. PNPOx activity deficiencies due to inborn errors lead to severe neurological pathologies, particularly neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. PNPOx maintains PLP homeostasis through highly regulated mechanisms, including structural alterations throughout the catalytic cycle and allosteric PLP binding, influencing substrate transformation at the active site. Elucidation at the molecular level of the mechanisms underlying PNPOx activity deficiencies is a requirement to develop personalized approaches to treat related disorders. Finally, despite shared features, the few PNPOx enzymes molecularly and functionally studied show species-specific regulatory properties that open the possibility of targeting it in pathogenic organisms.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxidoreductases; Phosphates; Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Vitamin B 6; Pyridoxine; Metabolic Diseases; Vitamins
PubMed: 38542149
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063174 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Doxorubicin (DOX) is a prevalent anticancer agent; however, it is unfortunately characterized by high cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and multiple other side effects....
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a prevalent anticancer agent; however, it is unfortunately characterized by high cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and multiple other side effects. To overcome DOX limitations, two novel pyridoxine-derived doxorubicin derivatives were synthesized (DOX-1 and DOX-2). In the present study, their antitumor activity and mechanism of action were investigated. Of these two compounds, DOX-2, in which the pyridoxine fragment is attached to the doxorubicin molecule via a C3 linker, revealed higher selectivity against specific cancer cell types compared to doxorubicin and a promising safety profile for conditionally normal cells. However, the compound with a C1 linker (DOX-1) was not characterized by selectivity of antitumor action. It was revealed that DOX-2 obstructs cell cycle progression, induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway without the development of necrosis, and showcases antioxidant capabilities, underlining its cell-regulatory roles. In contrast to doxorubicin's DNA-centric mechanism, DOX-2 does not interact with nuclear DNA. Given these findings, DOX-2 presents a new promising direction in cancer therapeutics, which is deserving of further in vivo exploration.
PubMed: 38541608
DOI: 10.3390/life14030282