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Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of skin pigmentation and currently has no effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the function of...
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of skin pigmentation and currently has no effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the function of SIRT7, being an important desuccinylase mediating multiple disease progression, and its mechanism in vitiligo progression.
METHODS
Normal human melanocytes (NHM) PIG1 and vitiligo human melanocytes (VHM) PIG3V were utilized in this research. The role of sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) and Ezrin (EZR) on melanin synthesis was investigated by detecting tyrosinase activity, melanin content, α-MSH levels, and the protein levels of melanin-related markers. The function of EZR was identified via rescue experiments, while the underlying mechanism was investigated via bioinformatic analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunoprecipitation (IP), and Western blot techniques.
RESULTS
Results showed that only SIRT7 was highly expressed in vitiligo human melanocytes, where knockingdown SIRT7 translated into increased melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Mechanistically, SIRT7 knockdown promoted the succinylation of EZR at the Lys (K)60 site. Moreover, overexpressing EZR induced higher melanin synthesis in melanocytes, while its knocking down exerted the opposite effect by inhibiting SIRT7 knockdown-induced melanin synthesis.
CONCLUSION
SIRT7 inhibited melanin synthesis in melanocytes by suppressing the succinylation of EZR. These findings are envisaged to provide a novel theoretical basis for vitiligo treatment.
PubMed: 38933605
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S462280 -
Hematology Reports Jun 2024Hypopigmentation disorders pose significant diagnostic challenges in dermatology, sometimes reflecting underlying hematological conditions. This review explores the... (Review)
Review
Hypopigmentation disorders pose significant diagnostic challenges in dermatology, sometimes reflecting underlying hematological conditions. This review explores the clinical presentations related to hypopigmentation in hematological disorders, focusing on vitiligo, morphea, and syndromic albinism. Vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder targeting melanocytes, involves interactions between genetic polymorphisms and immune responses, particularly regarding CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ. Drug-induced vitiligo, notably by immune checkpoint inhibitors and small-molecule targeted anticancer therapies, underscores the importance of immune dysregulation. Morphea, an inflammatory skin disorder, may signal hematological involvement, as seen in deep morphea and post-radiotherapy lesions. Syndromic albinism, linked to various genetic mutations affecting melanin production, often presents with hematologic abnormalities. Treatment approaches focus on targeting the immune pathways specific to the condition, and when that is not possible, managing symptoms. Understanding these dermatological manifestations is crucial for the timely diagnosis and management of hematological disorders.
PubMed: 38921184
DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16020036 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Vitiligo, a condition characterized by depigmented skin, has been observed to have a higher incidence in patients with a family history of the disease. This study...
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo, a condition characterized by depigmented skin, has been observed to have a higher incidence in patients with a family history of the disease. This study investigates the relationship between parental consanguinity, family medical history, and the onset of childhood vitiligo, hypothesizing that genetic factors play a significant role.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 382 people diagnosed with vitiligo in Saudi Arabia. The study assessed the prevalence of parental consanguinity and its correlation with the disease's onset, employing statistical analysis to evaluate the data collected through medical records and family history questionnaires.
RESULTS
The findings reveal a significant association between parental consanguinity, particularly among first cousins, and the incidence of childhood-onset vitiligo. Additionally, a notable correlation was found between family medical history and the onset of the condition, with familial vitiligo being more prevalent in patients with adult-onset vitiligo.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the critical role of genetic predispositions in the development of childhood-onset vitiligo, highlighting the influence of parental consanguinity. The results advocate for increased awareness and screening in populations with high rates of consanguinity to facilitate early detection and management of vitiligo. Future research should focus on exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying this association to develop targeted interventions.
PubMed: 38919171
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S470937 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Contemporary treatment of vitiligo remains a great challenge to practitioners. The vast majority of currently conducted clinical trials of modern therapeutic methods are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Contemporary treatment of vitiligo remains a great challenge to practitioners. The vast majority of currently conducted clinical trials of modern therapeutic methods are focused on systemic medications, while there is only a very limited number of reports on new topical treatment in vitiligo. With their pleiotropic activities statins turned out to be efficient in the treatment of various autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorders. The randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of topical administration of the active forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin has been designed to evaluate their efficacy in patients with vitiligo. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT03247400, date of registration: 11th August 2017). A total of 24 patients with the active form of non-segmental vitiligo were enrolled in the study. The change of absolute area of skin lesions, body surface area and vitiligo area scoring index were evaluated throughout the 12 week application of ointments containing simvastatin and atorvastatin. Measurements were performed with planimetry and processed using digital software. Use of active forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin did not result in a significant repigmentation of the skin lesions throughout the study period. Within the limbs treated with topical simvastatin, inhibition of disease progression was significantly more frequent than in the case of placebo (p = 0.004), while the difference was not statistically significant for atorvastatin (p = 0.082). Further studies of topical simvastatin in vitiligo patients should be considered.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Atorvastatin; Simvastatin; Male; Female; Double-Blind Method; Adult; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Administration, Topical; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Adolescent
PubMed: 38918590
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65722-w -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Visual assessment, while the primary method for pigmentation and erythema evaluation in clinical practice, is subjective, time-consuming, and may lead to variability in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Visual assessment, while the primary method for pigmentation and erythema evaluation in clinical practice, is subjective, time-consuming, and may lead to variability in observations among clinicians. Objective and quantitative techniques are required for a precise evaluation of the disease's severity and the treatment's efficacy. This research examines the precision and utility of a newly developed skin imaging system in assessing pigmentation and erythema. Sixty participants were recruited, and their facial images were analyzed with the new OBSERV 520 x skin imaging system, compared to DERMACATCH for regional analysis and VISIA for full-face examination. The degree of skin pigmentation was clinically graded using the MASI scores evaluated by dermatologists. The data revealed positive correlations between the novel skin imaging system and the two conventional instruments in quantifying pigmentation and erythema, whether in regional or full-face analysis. Furthermore, the new skin imaging system positively correlated with the clinical MASI scores (r = 0.4314, P < 0.01). In contrast, our study found no significant correlation between the traditional system and clinical assessment, indicating a more substantial capacity for hyperpigmentation assessment in the new system. Our study validates the innovative skin imaging system's accuracy in evaluating pigmentation and erythema, demonstrating its feasibility for quantitative evaluation in both clinical and research purposes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Erythema; Face; Middle Aged; Skin Pigmentation; Skin; Young Adult; Inflammation; Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Hyperpigmentation
PubMed: 38918427
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63274-7 -
Cureus May 2024Radiation-induced hypopigmentation resulting in a skin condition similar to vitiligo is evident in limited studies. In contrast to the typical Koebner phenomenon where...
Radiation-induced hypopigmentation resulting in a skin condition similar to vitiligo is evident in limited studies. In contrast to the typical Koebner phenomenon where new lesions develop at the site of injury, the trauma-induced disappearance of a specific rash in a patient with an already-developed skin disease is seen very rarely. This phenomenon is called "reverse Koebnerization" or "Koebner non-reaction." Herein, we submit a case of a 51-year-old female with already-developed vitiligo who came for treatment for carcinoma of the tongue with radiation therapy. Later, after the treatment, the patient developed a re-pigmentation of her skin.
PubMed: 38903331
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60771 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024Successful usage of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) has been demonstrated in some clinical trials. However, its efficacy and safety have not been verified. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Successful usage of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) has been demonstrated in some clinical trials. However, its efficacy and safety have not been verified. This latest systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the effects of autologous epidermal cell suspensions in re-epithelialization of skin lesions.
METHODS
Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructureris, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and Wanfang database. The primary output measure was the healing time, and the secondary outputs were effective rate, size of donor site for treatment, size of study treatment area, operation time, pain scores, repigmentation, complications, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, with 914 patients who received autologous epidermal cell suspensions (treatment group) and 883 patients who received standard care or placebo (control group). The pooled data from all included studies demonstrated that the treatment group has significantly reduced healing time (SMD = -0.86; 95% CI: -1.59-0.14; p = 0.02, I= 95%), size of donar site for treatment (MD = -115.41; 95% CI: -128.74-102.09; p<0.001, I= 89%), operation time (MD = 25.35; 95% CI: 23.42-27.29; p<0.001, I= 100%), pain scores (SMD = -1.88; 95% CI: -2.86-0.90; p = 0.0002, I= 89%) and complications (RR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.96; p = 0.03, I= 66%), as well as significantly increased effective rate (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42; p = 0.04, I= 77%). There were no significant differences in the size of study treatment area, repigmentation, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis showed that autologous epidermal cell suspensions is beneficial for re-epithelialization of skin lesions as they significantly reduce the healing time, size of donar site for treatment, operation time, pain scores and complications, as well as increased effective rate. However, this intervention has minimal impact on size of treatment area, repigmentation, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Epidermal Cells; Transplantation, Autologous; Re-Epithelialization; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 38898373
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13820 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Depressive disorders are a growing problem worldwide. They are also characterized by high comorbidity, including from the circle of dermatological diseases. Autoimmune... (Review)
Review
Depressive disorders are a growing problem worldwide. They are also characterized by high comorbidity, including from the circle of dermatological diseases. Autoimmune diseases seem to be particularly correlated with depressive comorbidity, raising the question of their possible common pathomechanism. The PubMed database was searched, focusing on results published after 2016. A particular reciprocal correlation of depressive disorders with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, impetigo, lupus and systemic scleroderma was found. One possible explanation for the co-occurrence of the above diseases is that the inflammatory theory may be applicable to depression, the various elements of which also apply to autoimmune diseases.
PubMed: 38892934
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113224 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder in which the proximal hair follicle (HF) attack results in non-scarring partial to total scalp or body hair loss.... (Review)
Review
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder in which the proximal hair follicle (HF) attack results in non-scarring partial to total scalp or body hair loss. Despite the growing knowledge about AA, its exact cause still needs to be understood. However, immunity and genetic factors are affirmed to be critical in AA development. While the genome-wide association studies proved the innate and acquired immunity involvement, AA mouse models implicated the IFN-γ- and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune response as the main drivers of disease pathogenesis. The AA hair loss is caused by T-cell-mediated inflammation in the HF area, disturbing its function and disrupting the hair growth cycle without destroying the follicle. Thus, the loss of HF immune privilege, autoimmune HF destruction mediated by cytotoxic mechanisms, and the upregulation of inflammatory pathways play a crucial role. AA is associated with concurrent systemic and autoimmune disorders such as atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, and thyroiditis. Likewise, the patient's quality of life (QoL) is significantly impaired by morphologic disfigurement caused by the illness. The patients experience a negative impact on psychological well-being and self-esteem and may be more likely to suffer from psychiatric comorbidities. This manuscript aims to present the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of AA, which involves genetic, epigenetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a particular emphasis on immunopathogenesis.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Humans; Animals; Hair Follicle
PubMed: 38891839
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115652 -
JMIR Dermatology Jun 2024Vitiligo, a common dermatological disorder in Saudi Arabia, is associated with significant psychological impacts. This study explores the relationship between vitiligo...
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo, a common dermatological disorder in Saudi Arabia, is associated with significant psychological impacts. This study explores the relationship between vitiligo and the severity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), highlighting the broader implications on mental health among affected individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among adult vitiligo patients, and to examine the relationship between MDD severity and vitiligo.
METHODS
Employing a cross-sectional design, the research utilized the Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to measure the extent of vitiligo and depression severity respectively. The study involved 340 diagnosed vitiligo patients from various healthcare settings. Logistic and ordinal regression analysis were applied to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables and vitiligo types on MDD severity.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MDD was 58.8% (200 out of 340 participants). Depression severity varied notably: 24.7% of patients experienced mild depression, 31.1% moderate, 22.6% moderately severe, and 21.6% severe depression. Female patients had higher odds of severe depression compared to males (aOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.93-5.1, P < .001). Age was inversely related to depression severity, with patients over 60 years showing significantly lower odds (aOR = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.03-0.39, P < .001). Lower income was associated with higher depression severity (aOR = 10.2, 95% CI: 3.25-31.8, P < .001). Vitiligo types also influenced depression severity; vulgaris (aOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.6-10.9, P < .001) and acrofacial vitiligo (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.1, P < .001) were significantly associated with higher depression levels compared to focal vitiligo.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that vitiligo contributes to an increased risk of severe depression, highlighting the need for integrated dermatological and psychological treatment approaches to address both the physical and mental health aspects of the disease.
PubMed: 38888950
DOI: 10.2196/60686