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Journal of Infection in Developing... May 2024Patients who recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 experience several post-COVID-19 health and social problems. This study was therefore done to explore the living...
INTRODUCTION
Patients who recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 experience several post-COVID-19 health and social problems. This study was therefore done to explore the living experiences and the various health problems experienced by people and their determinants during the post-recovery phase of COVID-19.
METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mangalore in March 2022. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire designed as a Google Doc. Post-COVID-19 conditions were defined as adverse health consequences returning, new, or persistent beyond 1 month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The experiences in the post-recovery phase of COVID-19 were assessed based on a scoring system for the related items in the questionnaire.
RESULTS
Out of 235 participants, 204 (86.8%) reported post-COVID-19 health problems between 1 and 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The majority of them reported fatigue [114 (55.9%)]. Self-perceived health status and social relationships were significantly poorer among participants in the post-COVID-19 phase than before infection. In the multivariable analysis, unmarried/divorced/widow status, staying within city limits, and history of being admitted to the hospital due to various COVID-19-related emergencies were independently associated with the presence of post-COVID-19 conditions among the participants. The living experience in the post-recovery phase was positive only among 22 (9.4%) participants and was found to be significantly associated with the severe status of COVID-19 at the time of disease presentation.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-COVID-19 health problems were present among several participants. Those identified to be at risk of developing these conditions need to be periodically screened and managed with a multi-disciplinary care and rehabilitation program. There is also a need to address social problems and encourage positive living experiences among COVID-19 patients during the post-recovery phase of the disease.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; India; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult; Health Status; Aged; Adolescent
PubMed: 38865406
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17945 -
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2024Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a chronic condition leading to glucose intolerance during pregnancy, is common in low- and middle-income countries, posing health...
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a chronic condition leading to glucose intolerance during pregnancy, is common in low- and middle-income countries, posing health risks to both the mother and fetus. Limited studies have been done in Ethiopia, especially using WHO's 2013 universal screening criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors linked to GDM in women attending antenatal (ANC) clinics in Hawassa town public health institutions, located in the Sidama regional state of Ethiopia.
METHODS
An Unmatched case-control study was carried out in Ethiopia's Sidama Region from April 1st to June 10th, 2023, involving 510 pregnant women. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was utilized for universal screening and diagnosing GDM based on the updated 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria. Data analysis included descriptive and analytical statistics, with variables having p-values below 0.1 deemed suitable for bivariate analysis. Statistical significance was assessed using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05.
RESULTS
The study involved 633 participants (255 cases and 378 controls), resulting in a 100% response rate, with women having an average age of 29.03 years.Variables such as: age at first conception (AOR=0.97, P=0.01, 95% CI (0.95,0.99)), urban residency (AOR=1.66, P<0.01, 95% CI(01.14,2.40)), widowed marital status (AOR=0.30, P=0.02, 95% CI (0.30,0.90)), parity (AOR=1.10, P<0.01, 95% CI (1.03,1.17)), history of stillbirth (AOR=1.15, P=0.03, 95% CI(1.04,2.30)), and previous cesarean section (AOR=1.86, P=0.01, 95% CI (1.13,2.66)) were identified as independent factors associated with GDM.
CONCLUSION
The study concluded that factors like age at first conception, place of residence, marital status, parity, history of Caesarian section, and stillbirth were independently associated with GDM. Surprisingly, upper arm circumference (MUAC), a proxy for pre-gestational BMI, was not identified as a risk factor for GDM. It is recommended that healthcare providers conduct comprehensive GDM risk assessments in pregnant women to identify and address risk factors, and propose specific screening and intervention strategies.
PubMed: 38863518
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S457739 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Mar 2024Reducing blood pressure after stroke is important to prevent recurrent stroke, but we have no data about the control of blood pressure in our context. The purpose of...
INTRODUCTION
Reducing blood pressure after stroke is important to prevent recurrent stroke, but we have no data about the control of blood pressure in our context. The purpose of this study was to assess management of hypertension among post-stroke patients in a neurology department.
METHOD
It was a retrospective study involving hypertensive stroke patients. They were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge.
RESULTS
141 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 61 years. Almost all patients (94.3%) received a dual antihypertensive therapy combining mainly an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic (70.2%). During follow-up, only 76 patients were assessed at M1, 50 at M3, 44 at M6 and 42 at M12. The average monthly cost of antihypertensive treatment was 13,771 CFA francs (21 euros). Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication were mostly noted in widows, patients without occupation, those with low education and no health insurance. At one year, blood pressure was controlled in 80% of the 42 patients still present. Non-control of blood pressure was related to poor therapeutic compliance (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study highlights follow-up issues in hypertensive post-stroke patients with a high number of lost to follow-up. Blood pressure was controlled in patients who were regularly followed and adherent to antihypertensive treatment.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Stroke; Cote d'Ivoire; Retrospective Studies; Antihypertensive Agents; Aged; Neurology; Hospital Departments; Medication Adherence; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38846129
DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v4i1.2024.366 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Epilepsy is a global health and economic burden with major problems that have an impact on physical, psychological, and social activities. Quality of life (QoL) is often... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Epilepsy is a global health and economic burden with major problems that have an impact on physical, psychological, and social activities. Quality of life (QoL) is often disturbed and can be influenced by many factors, like anti-seizure medication side effects, the sociocultural environment, and various disease-related factors. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the most recent information available regarding the pooled prevalence of poor quality of life and associated factors among adult people with epilepsy in Ethiopia.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is an appropriate set of guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with CRD42024527914. To find publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, we used both manual and electronic searches. The publications were searched by PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and other grey publications were searched by Google Scholar. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for cross-sectional study quality assessment was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it was exported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. A funnel plot and an objective examination of Egger's regression test were used to check for publication bias.
RESULTS
We have included 7 studies conducted in Ethiopia with 2123 study participants, of whom 1163 (54.78%) were male individuals, and 1196 (56.34%) of the participants were living without marriage (either single, divorced, or widowed). The pooled prevalence of poor quality of life among people with epilepsy in Ethiopia is 45.07 (95% CI: 39.73-50.42%). Further, in subgroup analysis regarding the assessment tool of poor quality of life of people with epilepsy, QOLIE-31 accounted for 50.05% (95%CI: 46.65-53.45) and WHO QOL BREF accounted for 39.72% (95%CI: 27.67-51.78). Among the associated factors, being unable to read and write, anxiey and depression were significantly linked to the quality of life of people with epilepsy.
CONCLUSION
This review found that there was a high pooled prevalence of poor quality of life related to people with epilepsy in Ethiopia. This study may provide further information to concerned bodies that do early screening and manage the quality of life of individuals with epilepsy. Also, screening and intervention for anxiety and depression problems should be considered in regular epilepsy care management.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Quality of Life; Epilepsy; Adult; Prevalence
PubMed: 38844872
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19018-3 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Over the past decade, against the dual background of population aging and mobility, the older adult/adults floating population has become a new type of mobile group in...
INTRODUCTION
Over the past decade, against the dual background of population aging and mobility, the older adult/adults floating population has become a new type of mobile group in China, continually congregating in large cities, posing significant challenges to the socio-economic development, eldercare services, and public management of these metropolises. Shanghai, as a mega-city and the economic center of the China, is typically representative of the national population.
METHODS
Based on the dynamic monitoring data of Shanghai's floating population in 2018, this research uses mathematical statistics and binary Logistic regression models.
OBJECTIVE
This research analyzes the demographic characteristics and health status of the older adult/adults floating population in Shanghai in the new era and reveals its primary influencing factors.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(1) A prominent contradiction in the scale and structure of the older adult/adults floating population, with widowed and low-educated mobile older adult/adults requiring attention. (2) There is a lack of health knowledge, and the proportion of local reimbursement is low. Over 90% of migrant older adult/adults self-assessed their health (with a very few unable to care for themselves), far higher than the proportion of older adult/adults who are not sick (injured) or uncomfortable (actually healthy), which exceeds 70%. The health status of migrant older adult/adults deteriorates with age, and those who have never attended school and live alone have the worst health status. (3) Older adult/adults people with advanced age and low educational levels are at risk of health issues, while a better living environment can reduce the risk of illness in the older adult/adults floating population. Low family income, poor housing affordability, and the medical burden brought about by illness can easily lead to older adult/adults floating populations falling into the trap of older adult/adults poverty, and older adult/adults people from central regions and those who migrate along have difficulty adapting to city life, leading to poor self-assessed health. Meanwhile, community/enterprise health education helps to enhance the health protection awareness of the older adult/adults floating population. Finally, based on the governance concept of "mobility publicness," several public management and service optimization strategies for social support for the older adult/adults floating population in Shanghai are proposed.
Topics: Humans; China; Health Status; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Transients and Migrants; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38841658
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1361015 -
Cureus May 2024Background Lipoma is a soft tissue tumor primarily composed of fat cells. These slow-growing, painless, subcutaneous nodules can occur in any place in the body where fat...
Background Lipoma is a soft tissue tumor primarily composed of fat cells. These slow-growing, painless, subcutaneous nodules can occur in any place in the body where fat is present. Our study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Makkah region inhabitants regarding lipomas and the surgical excision method. Methodology This study used a cross-sectional methodology to evaluate the general public's knowledge regarding lipomas and the surgical excision method using a self-administered questionnaire in the Makkah region from January to April 2024. Results A total of 367 participants were included, with the majority (56.10%) aged between 18 and 29 years. The survey revealed that 48.50% had heard about lipomas, 42.80% lacked any knowledge about them, and 26.70% acquired their information via social media. Furthermore, 31.60% believed it to affect both genders equally, 46.60% admitted uncertainty, 20.40% correctly identified that lipomas can occur at any age, and 39.80% were uncertain. Overall, 57.20% correctly identified lipomas as benign tumors composed of fat cells. Opinions diverged on whether lipomas cause pain, with 46.90% being uncertain. Moreover, 25.90% of respondents thought that surgery was the sole option for removing a lipoma, while 38.10% recognized the risk of lipoma recurrence after surgical removal. Overall, 85.60% reported never being diagnosed with a lipoma, while 4.10% had been diagnosed, predominantly with single lipomas 6.00%. There were significant differences in the participants' marital status, with widowed people exhibiting the greatest awareness level, followed by single people. Conclusions Our study findings indicate a moderate level of awareness about lipomas among residents of the Makkah region. However, there are significant gaps in understanding various aspects of lipomas, including their characteristics, treatment options, and demographic distribution.
PubMed: 38841003
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59727 -
Omega Jun 2024We investigated the effects of cause of death (COVID-19 with an underlying medical condition vs. without) and prolonged grief disorder status (PGD present or absent) on...
We investigated the effects of cause of death (COVID-19 with an underlying medical condition vs. without) and prolonged grief disorder status (PGD present or absent) on participants' reported public stigma towards the bereaved. Participants ( 304, 66% women; = 39.39 years) were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes describing a bereaved man. Participants completed stigma measures assessing negative attributions, desired social distance, and emotional reactions. Participants reported significantly stronger stigmatizing responses towards an individual with PGD (vs. without PGD) across all stigma measures. There was no significant difference in stigma based on cause of death; however, stigma was reported regardless of cause of death. There was no significant interaction between cause of death and PGD on stigma. This study supports the robust finding of public stigma being reported toward an individual with PGD, suggesting these individuals are at risk of public stigma and not receiving adequate bereavement support.
PubMed: 38834179
DOI: 10.1177/00302228241257306 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Apr 2024The AIDS epidemic has drastically reduced in India since it was first identified in 1986, largely due to the widespread availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART)....
CONTEXT
The AIDS epidemic has drastically reduced in India since it was first identified in 1986, largely due to the widespread availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Management of HIV is currently more focussed on long term morbidities, including mental health. Depression is the most common co-morbidity seen in people living with HIV. Depression is found to negatively affect patient adherence to ART. Poor adherence to ART leads to drug resistance and susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
AIMS
The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of depression among people living with HIV and to study the correlation between depression and adherence to ART.
SETTING AND DESIGN
The study was conducted in the ART centre at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital in Chennai, between August and October 2022.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to identify depression, and the Adult AIDS clinical trials group (AACTG) questionnaire was used to identify adherence.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data were entered in MS Excel and were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16. The association between categorical data were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher exact test. The correlation between adherence and depression was done using the Spearman correlation.
RESULTS
The prevalence of depression was found to be 20.2%. A mild negative correlation was found between depression and adherence. Depression was found to have a significant correlation with women, unemployed, widowed, divorced individuals, and those with diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis.
CONCLUSION
Depression is an important risk factor for adherence to ART. Though severe depression was not found in this study, mild and moderate depression was associated with reduced adherence to ART. Treating depression is likely to improve adherence and the overall wellbeing of patients with HIV and AIDS.
PubMed: 38827681
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1533_23 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Intimate partner violence is a human rights violation that often involves violence against women, which appears to be the most prevalent type of abuse. Intimate partner...
INTRODUCTION
Intimate partner violence is a human rights violation that often involves violence against women, which appears to be the most prevalent type of abuse. Intimate partner violence is a major global public health issue that includes physical, emotional, and sexual violence. The prevalence of intimate partner violence in Africa is high. The burden of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women is high in Kenya. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the associated factors of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women at the individual and community level from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2022 data of Kenya.
METHODS
The Kenya National Demographic and Health Survey data of 2022 was used for this study. The overall sample size for this study was 14,612, which focused on women aged 15 to 49 years who had ever been partnered and responded to the domestic violence module. Multilevel logistic regression models to determine the prevalence and associated factors at the individual and community level with intimate partner violence with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).
RESULT
The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence was 41.1% with a 95% CI (40.07%, 42.60. Male-headed households, poorest and middle wealth status, partner alcohol use, separated/widowed current marital status, and low education of women were statistically significantly associated with intimate partner violence at the individual level variables in this study.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of intimate partner violence was high. Educating women, reducing partner alcohol use, and improving the economic status of women, were crucial in mitigating the burden of intimate partner violence. The intimate partners are supposed to respect the rights of women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Kenya; Adult; Intimate Partner Violence; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Health Surveys; Prevalence; Multilevel Analysis; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Sociodemographic Factors
PubMed: 38824543
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19012-9 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Vaccination is crucial in reducing child mortality and the prevalence of Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases (VPD), especially in low-and-middle-income countries like Kenya....
The influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on non-vaccination, under-vaccination and missed opportunities for vaccination amongst children 0-23 months in Kenya for the period 2003-2014.
Vaccination is crucial in reducing child mortality and the prevalence of Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases (VPD), especially in low-and-middle-income countries like Kenya. However, non-vaccination, under-vaccination, and missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) pose significant challenges to these efforts. This study aimed to analyze the impact of demographic and socio-economic factors on non-vaccination, under-vaccination, and MOV among children aged 0-23 months in Kenya from 2003 to 2014. A secondary data analysis of data from the Kenya Demographic Health Surveys (KDHS) conducted during this period was conducted, with a total of 11,997 participants, using a two-stage, multi-stage, and stratified sampling technique. The study examined factors such as child's sex, residence, mother's age, marital status, religion, birth order, maternal education, wealth quintile, province, child's birth order, parity, number of children in the household, place of delivery, and mother's occupation. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the determinants of non-vaccination, under-vaccination, and MOV, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to report odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). In 2003, the likelihood of non-vaccination decreased with higher maternal education levels: mothers who did not complete primary education (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37-0.81), completed primary education (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.21-0.56), and had secondary education or higher (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14-0.50) exhibited decreasing probabilities. In 2008/09, divorced/separated/widowed mothers (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07-0.65) and those with no religion (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.81) showed lower odds of non-vaccination, while lower wealth quintiles were associated with higher odds. In 2014, non-vaccination was higher among younger mothers aged 15-19 years (AOR = 12.53, 95% CI = 1.59-98.73), in North Eastern Province (AOR = 7.15, 95% CI = 2.02-25.30), in families with more than 5 children (AOR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.09-16.18), and in children born at home (AOR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.32-15.17). Similar patterns were observed for under-vaccination and MOV. This information can inform strategies for bridging the gaps in immunization coverage and promoting equitable vaccination practices in Kenya.
PubMed: 38814892
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003048