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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death.
REVIEW QUESTION
Does pharmacological therapy decrease either the incidence or severity of disease or infection caused by EHV-1 in domesticated horses?
METHODS
A systematic review was preformed searching AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Index Medicus Regional Databases to identify articles published before February 15, 2021. Selection criteria were original research reports published in peer reviewed journals, and studies investigating in vivo use of therapeutic agents for prevention or treatment of EHV-1 in horses. Outcomes assessed included measures related to clinical outcomes that reflect symptomatic EHV-1 infection or virus infection. We evaluated risk of bias and performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
RESULTS
A total of 7009 unique studies were identified, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated valacyclovir or small interfering RNAs, and single studies evaluated the use of a Parapoxvirus ovis-based immunomodulator, human alpha interferon, an herbal supplement, a cytosine analog, and heparin. The level of evidence ranged between randomized controlled studies and observational trials. The risk of bias was moderate to high and sample sizes were small. Most studies reported either no benefit or minimal efficacy of the intervention tested.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Our review indicates minimal or limited benefit either as a prophylactic or post-exposure treatment for any of the studied interventions in the mitigation of EHV-1-associated disease outcome.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Herpesvirus 1, Equid; Horse Diseases; Herpesviridae Infections; Antiviral Agents; Valacyclovir
PubMed: 38380685
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17016 -
BMC Cancer Feb 2024Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is an important public health problem worldwide and closely affect extrahepatic cancer. Several recent studies have investigated the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is an important public health problem worldwide and closely affect extrahepatic cancer. Several recent studies have investigated the relationship between HBV infection and head and neck cancer (HNC), but their findings were inconsistent.In order to address the limitations of small sample sizes, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between HBV and HNC.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to August 2023. Original articles published as a case-control or cohort study were included. HBV infection was identified by HBsAg, HBV DNA or ICD codes. Review articles, meeting abstracts, case reports, communications, editorials and letters were excluded, as were studies in a language other than English or Chinese. According to the MOOSE guidelines, frequencies reported for all dichotomous variables were extracted by two reviewers independently. Similarly, the outcomes of OR, RR or HR, and 95% CIs after adjusting for age and gender were collected.
RESULTS
Thirteen relevant studies and 58,006 patients with HNC were included. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between HBV and HNC (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.28-1.77). After adjusting for age and gender, the similar result (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10-1.54) was obtained. Subgroup analysis further demonstrated a significant association between HBV infection and oral cancer (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-1.47), as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26-1.58). However, due to the limited number of studies included, the statistical significance was not reached for cancer of the oropharynx (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 0.66-5.05), hypopharynx (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.88-2.00), and larynx (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.69-2.24) after adjusting for age and gender. When excluding the interference of HIV/HCV, smoking and alcohol use, the final outcome (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35) got the same conclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirmed a positive relationship between HNC, specifically oral cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and HBV infection. However, further investigation is required at the molecular level to gather additional evidence in HNC.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B virus; Cohort Studies; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Hepatitis B; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 38365701
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11967-7 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Feb 2024Within China, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains widely prevalent and one of the major public health problems. There have been only two previous estimates of its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Within China, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains widely prevalent and one of the major public health problems. There have been only two previous estimates of its prevalence at the population level in China, with the latest survey conducted in 2006. A meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of HBV within China between 2013 and 2017 as 7%. This review provides an updated estimate of HBV prevalence in China from 2018 to 2022.
METHODS
Systematic searches of literature from January 1, 2018 to December 25, 2022 were conducted in four international databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, and WanFang data). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled HBV prevalence with 95% confidence intervals in the overall population and subgroups. Publication bias, heterogeneity between studies, and study quality were assessed.
RESULTS
Twenty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection in the Chinese general population from 2018 to 2022 was 3% (95%CI: 2-4%). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar between males and females (both 3%), while rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (3% vs 2%). The highest prevalence of HBV was reported in the eastern provinces (4, 95%CI: 2-6%). The HBV prevalence of people aged ≥18 years old (6, 95%CI: 4-8%) was higher than people aged < 18 years old (0, 95%CI: 0-1%).
CONCLUSION
Compared to the previous meta-analysis prevalence in 2013-2017, the updated meta-analysis estimated prevalence of HBV infection (3%) from 2018 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend, suggesting China had moved into a lower intermediate epidemic area (2-5%). However, the prevalence of HBV in rural areas and eastern regions was still higher than the national average. People aged ≥18 years old showed a higher HBV prevalence. HBV prevention should be prioritized in the highest-prevalence areas and high-risk populations. Due to heterogeneity in data collection methods among studies, there remains a need for systematic surveillance of nationwide HBV prevalence.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Adult; Prevalence; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Risk Factors; China
PubMed: 38365596
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09103-8 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Feb 2024Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus is the most common risk factor for developing liver malignancy. Autophagy is an essential element in human cell maintenance. Several...
BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus is the most common risk factor for developing liver malignancy. Autophagy is an essential element in human cell maintenance. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a vital role in liver cancer at different stages. In this systematic review, we intend to investigate the role of polymorphism and mutations of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search was conducted in online databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) using Viruses, Infections, Polymorphism, Autophagy, and ATG. The study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria.
RESULTS
The primary search results led to 422 studies. By screening and eligibility evaluation, only four studies were relevant. The most important polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma were rs2241880 in ATG16L1, rs77859116, rs510432, and rs548234 in ATG5. Furthermore, some polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HBV infection including, rs2241880 in ATG16L1 and rs6568431 in ATG5.
CONCLUSION
The current study highlights the importance of rs2241880 in ATG16L1 and rs77859116, rs510432, and rs548234 in ATG5 for HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, some mutations in ATG16L1 and ATG5 were important in risk of HBV infection. The study highlights the gap of knowledge in the field of ATG polymorphisms in HBV infection and HBV-induced HCC.
Topics: Humans; Autophagy; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hepatitis B virus; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 38353395
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1182 -
Heart Rhythm Jun 2024Cardiac tachyarrhythmia presents a significant health care challenge, causing notable morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatments have limitations and potential... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cardiac tachyarrhythmia presents a significant health care challenge, causing notable morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatments have limitations and potential risks, resulting in an elevated disease burden. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy holds promise as a potential future treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to provide a measured overview of the latest developments in this rapidly growing field. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 2024. Studies that employed AAV as a vector for delivery of therapeutic agents to treat cardiac tachyarrhythmia were included. Of the 26 studies included, 20 published in the last 5 years. There were 22 novel molecular targets identified. More than 80% of the included studies employed small-animal models or used AAV9. In atrial fibrillation preclinical studies, AAV-mediated gene therapy reduced atrial fibrillation inducibility by 81% (odds ratio, 0.19 [0.08-0.45]; P < .01). Similarly, for acquired and inherited ventricular arrhythmia, animal models receiving gene therapy had less inducible ventricular arrhythmia (odds ratio, 0.06 [0.03-0.11]; P < .01). This review highlights the rapid progress of AAV-mediated gene therapy for cardiac tachyarrhythmia. Although these investigations are currently in the early stages of clinical application, they present promising prospects for gene therapy. (PROSPERO registry: CRD42023479448).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dependovirus; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Tachycardia
PubMed: 38336191
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.001 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023This systematic review evaluates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden among people who inject drugs (PWIDs)...
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
This systematic review evaluates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in India. In addition, we selectively examined research on opioid substitution treatment (OST)-related services due to their role in antiviral treatment uptake and adherence.
METHODS
Data were sourced from peer-reviewed and government publications between 1991 and September 20, 2023, searched in MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCOhost. English language studies reporting weighted prevalence or raw numbers and recruitment sites were included for review. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Data synthesis was done in graphs and tables.
RESULTS
We included 50 reports, yielding 150 HIV, 68 HCV and 24 HBV prevalence estimates across India, revealing significant regional heterogeneity. Notably, 16 States had a single community-based HIV estimate, and 19 States had limited or no HCV data. The highest HIV and HCV prevalence was in Manipur (74.7% and 97.5%, respectively) in 1996. Recent spikes included 50.2 per cent HIV prevalence in Punjab (2010) and 73 per cent HCV in Uttar Pradesh (2021). Nationally, OST coverage in 2020 was under five per cent, with some northeast, north and central States exceeding this, but most others were falling below two per cent. No studies on the cost-effectiveness of directly observed treatment models for OST were identified.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of sufficiently granular and generalizable estimates for HIV prevalence and any estimates for HCV and HBV among PWIDs in large parts of the country. Community-based representative studies are required to quantify the prevalence and severity of these diseases and allocate resources.
Topics: Humans; Drug Users; India; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis B virus; Hepacivirus; HIV Infections
PubMed: 38265946
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1930_23 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2024Monkeypox (Mpox) virus infection is a topic of growing interest today because of its potential public health impact and concern about possible outbreaks. Reliable and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Monkeypox (Mpox) virus infection is a topic of growing interest today because of its potential public health impact and concern about possible outbreaks. Reliable and up-to-date sources of information that provide accurate data on its transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment are essential for understanding and effectively addressing this disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of sources of information on Mpox virus infection.
METHODS
An exhaustive systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out using the information available in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases up to August 3, 2023. The data were analyzed using R software version 4.2.3. The quality of the cross-sectional studies that formed part of this review was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) tool. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed based on the study populations.
RESULTS
Through electronic searches of five databases, a total of 1833 studies were identified. Twenty-four cross-sectional articles were included, with a total sample of 35,959 participants from 34 countries. The pooled prevalence of each of the included information sources was: social networks reached 59% (95% CI: 50-68%; 29,146 participants; 22 studies; I = 100%; p < 0.01); the Internet was 61% (95% CI: 44-77%; 14,002 participants; 5 studies; I = 100%; p < 0.01), radio reached 10% (95% CI: 07-13%; 8917 participants; 4 studies; I = 93%; p < 0.01), television accounted for 24% (95% CI: 09-43%; 14,896 participants; 8 studies; I = 100%; p < 0.01), and the combination of radio and television accounted for 45% (95% CI: 31-60%; 4207 participants; 7 studies; I = 99%; p < 0.01); for newspapers, it was 15% (95% CI: 05-27%; 2841 participants; 6 studies; I = 99%; p < 0.01), friends and relatives accounted for 19% (95% CI: 12-28%; 28,470 participants; 19 studies; I = 100%; p < 0.01), the World Health Organization (WHO) accounted for 17% (95% CI: 07-29%; 1656 participants; 3 studies; I = 97%; p < 0.01), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) accounted for 10% (95% CI: 03-21%; 2378 participants; 3 studies; I = 98%; p < 0.01), and the combination of WHO and CDC websites accounted for 60% (95% CI: 48-72%; 1828 participants; 4 studies; I = 96%; p < 0.01), and finally, scientific articles and journals accounted for 24% (95% CI: 16-33%; 16,775 participants; 13 studies; I = 99%; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The study suggests that people access a variety of information sources to gain knowledge about Mpox virus infection, with a strong emphasis on online sources such as social networks and the Internet. However, it is important to note that the quality and accuracy of information available from these sources can vary, underscoring the need to promote access to reliable and up-to-date information about this disease to ensure public health.
Topics: United States; Humans; Monkeypox virus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mpox (monkeypox); Academies and Institutes; Information Sources
PubMed: 38263135
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17741-5 -
Viruses Jan 2024Tocilizumab has demonstrated optimal efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from clinical trials. However, the risk of hepatitis B virus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tocilizumab has demonstrated optimal efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from clinical trials. However, the risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) in these patients remains uncertain because patients with underlying HBV have been excluded in phase III studies.
METHODS
Systematical reviews were conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 21 February 2023. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled incidence of HBV reactivation.
RESULTS
We included 0 clinical trials and 11 observational studies with a total of 25 HBsAg and 322 HBsAg/anti-HBc RA patients. Among the HBsAg patients without antiviral prophylaxis, the pooled rate was 69.4% (95% CI, 32.9-91.3), with a median time of 4 months (range, 1-8 months) from tocilizumab initiated. Half of these patients with HBVr experienced hepatitis flare-up but no deaths. HBVr was eliminated with prophylaxis in this population. Among HBsAg/anti-HBc patients, the pooled incidence of reactivation was 3.3% (95% CI, 1.6-6.7), with a median time of 10 months (range, 2-43 months) from tocilizumab initiated. HBVr was not associated with hepatitis flare-up and death. HBsAg/anti-HBc patients without anti-HBs antibodies had a significantly higher risk of HBVr (Odds ratio, 12.20; 95% CI, 1.16-128.06).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review indicated that the risk of HBVr in RA patients with anti-HBs, HBsAg, or HBsAg/anti-HBc cannot be ignored but may be avoided. Clinicians should consider implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis and monitoring policies for RA patients to avoid unnecessary hepatic side effects from tocilizumab treatment.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Symptom Flare Up
PubMed: 38257778
DOI: 10.3390/v16010078 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2024The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide updated information on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in locally and regionally advanced (LA) and... (Review)
Review
A systematic literature review of the human papillomavirus prevalence in locally and regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers through the last decade: The "ALARM" study.
AIMS
The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide updated information on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in locally and regionally advanced (LA) and recurrent/metastatic (RM) head and neck cancer (HNC) worldwide.
METHODS
Electronic searches were conducted on clinicaltrials.gov, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and ASCO/ESMO journals of congresses for interventional studies (IS; Phase I-III trials) as well as MEDLINE and Embase for non-interventional studies (NIS) of LA/RM HNC published between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. Criteria for study selection included: availability of HPV prevalence data for LA/RM HNC patients, patient enrollment from January 01, 2010 onward, and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) included among HNC types. HPV prevalence per study was calculated as proportion of HPV+ over total number of enrolled patients. For overall HPV prevalence across studies, mean of reported HPV prevalence rates across studies and pooled estimate (sum of all HPV+ patients over sum of all patients enrolled) were assessed.
RESULTS
Eighty-one studies (62 IS; 19 NIS) were included, representing 9607 LA/RM HNC cases, with an overall mean (pooled) HPV prevalence of 32.6% (25.1%). HPV prevalence was 44.7% (44.0%) in LA and 24.3% (18.6%) in RM. Among 2714 LA/RM OPC patients from 52 studies with available data, mean (pooled) value was 55.8% (50.7%). The majority of data were derived from Northern America and Europe, with overall HPV prevalence of 46.0% (42.1%) and 24.7% (25.3%) across studies conducted exclusively in these geographic regions, respectively (Northern Europe: 31.9% [63.1%]). A "p16-based" assay was the most frequently reported HPV detection methodology (58.0%).
CONCLUSION
Over the last decade, at least one quarter of LA/RM HNC and half of OPC cases studied in IS and NIS were HPV+. This alarming burden is consistent with a potential implication of HPV in the pathogenesis of at least a subgroup of HNC, underscoring the relevance of HPV testing and prophylaxis to HNC prevention and management.
Topics: Humans; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence
PubMed: 38247106
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6916 -
Current HIV/AIDS Reports Apr 2024The prevalence of HIV-1 in Indonesia is on a concerning upward trajectory, with a concurrent rise in the development of drug-resistant strains, challenging the efficacy... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The prevalence of HIV-1 in Indonesia is on a concerning upward trajectory, with a concurrent rise in the development of drug-resistant strains, challenging the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Many mutations have been found in the pol gene that makes HIV resistant to ART. We aim to review the major drug resistance mutations (DRMs) of reverse transcriptase (RT) of pol gene in HIV-1 cases in Indonesia.
RECENT FINDINGS
A total of eleven articles reporting DRMs in HIV-1 subjects from various regions between 2015-2020 in Indonesia are included. The prevalence of major DRMs on the RT gene in studies included varies from 3.4% to 34%. The CRF01_AE subtype stands out as the predominant variant. Notably, the prevalence of major DRMs in ART-experienced individuals is 22.1%, while ART-naïve individuals show a lower rate of 4.4%. Among the RT gene mutations, M184I/V emerges as the most prevalent (10.5%) within the nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) group, while K103N leads among the non-NRTI (NNRTI) group, with a frequency of 6.4%. Regionally, North Sulawesi records the highest prevalence of major DRMs in the RT gene at 21.1%, whereas Riau and Central Papua exhibit the lowest rates at 3.4%. Significant variations in drug resistance mutations within the RT gene across Indonesian regions highlight the importance of closely monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Considerably, more studies are needed to understand better and overcome the emergence of DRMs on HIV-1 patients in Indonesia.
Topics: Humans; HIV-1; HIV Infections; Indonesia; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Drug Resistance, Viral; Genotype; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Mutation; HIV Seropositivity; Anti-HIV Agents
PubMed: 38244171
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00687-5