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Neuromodulation : Journal of the... Jan 2024This systematic and meta-analysis review evaluated the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-induced action mechanisms for animal analgesia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic and meta-analysis review evaluated the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-induced action mechanisms for animal analgesia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two independent investigators identified relevant articles published until February 2021 through a literature review, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the results.
RESULTS
Of the 6984 studies found in the data base search, 53 full-text articles were selected and used in the systematic review. Most studies used Sprague Dawley rats (66.03%). High-frequency TENS was applied to at least one group in 47 studies, and most applications were performed for 20 minutes (64.15%). Mechanical hyperalgesia was analyzed as the primary outcome in 52.83% of the studies and thermal hyperalgesia in 23.07% of studies using a heated surface. More than 50% of the studies showed a low risk of bias on allocation concealment, random housing, selective outcome reporting, and acclimatization before the behavioral tests. Blinding was not performed in only one study and random outcome assessment in another study; acclimatization before the behavioral tests was not performed in just one study. Many studies had an uncertain risk of bias. Meta-analyses indicated no difference between low-frequency and high-frequency TENS with variations among the pain models.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that TENS has presented a substantial scientific foundation for its hypoalgesic effect in preclinical studies for analgesia.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Pain; Pain Management; Hyperalgesia; Models, Animal
PubMed: 37115123
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.02.085 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Dec 2023To analyze case reports with individual patient data belonging to the Armed Forces submitted to specific physical or military combat training that was affected by... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To analyze case reports with individual patient data belonging to the Armed Forces submitted to specific physical or military combat training that was affected by rhabdomyolysis and identify factors that influenced the diagnosis and clinical evolution of the syndrome.
CONTENT
We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021242465). We searched MedLine (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, and PEDro databases for studies that reported cases of military personnel affected by rhabdomyolysis.
SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Forty-nine individual cases of rhabdomyolysis were analyzed. From them, it was possible to identify several associated factors, which were responsible for developing rhabdomyolysis in military personnel. Thirty military personnel (60%) practiced physical training and 20 (40%) practiced specific military combat training. The creatine kinase (CK) peak ranged from 1,040 to 410,755 U/L, with an average of 44.991 U/L, and 14 (28%) of the cases reported alteration of renal function and four militaries (8%) evolved to death condition. Physical activities performed strenuously and without proper planning conditions such as room temperature, the period without adequate water intake, the amount of equipment used during the activity contributed to the development of rhabdomyolysis in the cases of military personnel analyzed in the present study. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies investigate the relationship between the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis cases and the severity of its consequence when associated with progressive methods of training, hydration control, acclimatization to austere environments, monitoring for the existence of hereditary diseases, and control of the use of supplementary nutritional substances.
Topics: Humans; Military Personnel; Rhabdomyolysis; Exercise; Risk Factors; Creatine Kinase; Biomarkers
PubMed: 35852130
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0038