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PloS One 2023Occupational respiratory disorders are a major global public health concern among workers exposed to dust particles in dust-generating workplaces. Despite fragmented... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Occupational respiratory disorders are a major global public health concern among workers exposed to dust particles in dust-generating workplaces. Despite fragmented research findings on the magnitude of respiratory problems and the lack of a national occupational respiratory disease recording and reporting system at the Ethiopian factory, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among factory workers were unknown. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize and pool estimates from studies that reported the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors among Ethiopian factory workers who worked in dusty environments.
METHODS
A systematic literature searches were conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Web of Science). The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors, respectively. The STATA version 17 was used to analyze the data. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Eggers test with p-value less than 5%, as well as the funnel plot, were used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
The searches yielded 1596 articles, 15 of which were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers was 54.96% [95% confidence interval (CI):49.33-60.59%]. Lack of occupational health and safety (OSH) training [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95%CI:1.56-3.52], work experience of over 5 years [OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.33-7.65], not using personal protective equipment (PPE) [OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.30-2.39], and working more than eight hours per day [OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.16-3.05] were all significant predictors of respiratory symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of respiratory symptom was found to be high in Ethiopian factory workers. To prevent workers from being exposed to dust, regular provision and monitoring of PPE use, workers OSH training, and adequate ventilation in the workplace should be implemented.
Topics: Humans; Dust; Occupational Exposure; Lung Diseases; Lung; Personal Protective Equipment; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 37478114
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284551 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries implemented lockdown policies to control its transmission. These restrictions... (Review)
Review
During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries implemented lockdown policies to control its transmission. These restrictions provided an opportunity to rest and recover the environment. This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the Air Quality Index (AQI) in countries worldwide. ScienceDirect and PubMed were searched using relevant keywords to identify studies published until March 2020. Overall, 20 studies were included in the SR based on the eligibility criteria. The results show that COVID-19-related lockdown policies positively affect AQI by restricting air-polluting activities, such as transportation, industry, and construction. However, it is important to note that these policies are ineffective in controlling sources of natural air pollution and local dust. The findings of this study emphasize the need for policymakers to approve legislation limiting the sources of air pollutants.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Pandemics; Particulate Matter; Communicable Disease Control; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Cities
PubMed: 37454284
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2234841 -
European Urology Focus Jan 2024Controversy exists regarding the therapeutic benefit of suction use during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Controversy exists regarding the therapeutic benefit of suction use during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL).
OBJECTIVE
To review and highlight the options available in the use of suction for PCNL, and to discuss their strengths and limitations.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A systematic literature search was performed using Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed. Thirty four studies were included. There was one ex vivo study. Among clinical studies, 24 used a vacuum/suctioning sheath and nine a handpiece suction device/direct-in-scope suction. The suction technique was employed in standard, mini-PCNL, supermini-PCNL, and enhanced supermini‑PCNL techniques.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Handpiece suction devices demonstrated better safety and efficiency in treating large stones than nonsuction PCNL and in a much shorter time. Trilogy and ShockPulse-SE were equally effective, safe, and versatile for standard PCNL and mini-PCNL. The heavier handpiece makes Trilogy less ergonomically friendly. Laser suction handpiece devices can potentiate laser lithotripsy by allowing for better laser control with simultaneous suction of small fragments and dust. Integrated suction-based sheaths are available in reusable and disposable forms for mini-PCNL only. Mini-PCNL with suction reported superior outcomes for operative time and stone-free rate to mini-PCNL. This also helped minimize infectious complications by a combination of intrarenal pressure reduction and faster aspiration of irrigation fluid reducing the risk of sepsis, enhance intraoperative vision, and improve lithotripsy efficiency, which makes it a very attractive evolution for PCNL.
CONCLUSIONS
Suction devices in PCNL are reforming the way PCNL is being done. Adding suction to mini-PCNL reduces infectious complications and improves the stone-free rate. Our review shows that despite the limited evidence, suction techniques appear to improve PCNL outcomes.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In this review, we looked at the intra- and perioperative outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) with the addition of suction. With better stone fragmentation and fewer postoperative infections, this technology is very useful particularly for mini-PCNL.
Topics: Humans; Kidney Calculi; Suction; Lithotripsy; Lithotripsy, Laser; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37442721
DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.06.010 -
PloS One 2023Occupational respiratory diseases are major global public health problems, particularly for industry workers. Several studies have investigated occupational respiratory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Occupational respiratory diseases are major global public health problems, particularly for industry workers. Several studies have investigated occupational respiratory symptoms in various parts of Ethiopia. The findings have been inconsistent and inconclusive, and there is no nationally representative data on the subject. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia (2010-2022).
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis framework Guidelines, search was conducted on several international databases including PubMed, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Hinari, Global Health, and Google scholar. The extracted data was analyzed using STATA 14. Random effect model was used to estimate the effect size. Egger regression test and I2 statistics were used to determine potential publication bias and heterogeneity, respectively among the reviewed articles.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included a total of 15 studies with 5,135 participants, revealing a pooled prevalence of 51.6% (95% CI: 43.6-59.6) for occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia. The absence of personal protective equipment (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: [1.17-3.32]), lack of occupational health and safety training (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: [2.36-3.93]), previous dust exposure (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: [2.3-4.37]), poor working environment (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: [1.7-3.2]), work experience greater than five years (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: [1.61-10.16]), smoking (OR = 6.91, 95% CI: [2.94-16.2]), and previous respiratory illness (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: [2.44-7.42]) were found to associate with the symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of occupational respiratory symptoms among industry workers in Ethiopia underscores the urgent need for effective interventions. The provision of personal protective equipment and improvement of working environments by the government, industry owners, and other stakeholders are crucial in reducing occupational respiratory symptoms. Additionally, prioritizing occupational health and safety training for industry workers can help prevent and mitigate the impact of occupational respiratory diseases.
REGISTRATION
This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with a specific registration number CRD42022383745.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking; Lung Diseases; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 37440513
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288238 -
BMC Urology Jul 2023Comparing stone-free rates and associated outcome measures between two surgical modalities of lithotripsy fragmentation and removal or spontaneous passage of dust during... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Comparing stone-free rates and associated outcome measures between two surgical modalities of lithotripsy fragmentation and removal or spontaneous passage of dust during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).
METHODS
In March 2023, we conducted a literature search in several widely used databases worldwide, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. We only considered English articles and excluded pediatric patients. Reviews and protocols without any published data were excluded. We also excluded articles with conference abstracts and irrelevant content. We used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method and random-effects models to assess inverse variances and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mean differences in categorical variables. The results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
Our final meta-analysis included nine articles, comprising two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven cohort studies. The total number of patients included in these studies was 1326, and all studies used holmium laser lithotripsy. The pooled analysis of the dust and fragmentation groups showed that the fragmentation group had a higher stone-free rate (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.41 - 0.89; p = 0.01); the dust group had a shorter operative time (WMD - 11.6 min; 95% CI - 19.56 - -3.63; p = 0.004); and the dust group had a higher retreatment rate (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.31 - 3.13; p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay, overall complications, or postoperative fever.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that both procedures could be safely and effectively used for upper ureteral and renal calculi lithotripsy, the dust group had potential advantages over the fragmentation group in terms of the operation time, and the fragmentation group had certain advantages in terms of stone-free rate and retreatment rate.
Topics: Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney; Lithotripsy; Lithotripsy, Laser; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37420203
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01283-w -
The Science of the Total Environment Oct 2023Air quality is a critical issue because even small amounts of air pollutants can cause significant adverse health effects. Road traffic is a major contributor to air...
Air quality is a critical issue because even small amounts of air pollutants can cause significant adverse health effects. Road traffic is a major contributor to air pollution both through aerosols from exhaust emissions (EE) and non-exhaust emissions (NEE). The latter result from mechanical abrasion of brakes and tires, erosion of road surfaces and resuspension of road dust into the atmosphere by passing traffic. EE have been extensively characterized and have declined over time due to mitigation measures. By contrast, NEE have been less studied, are not tightly regulated and there are limited data on their toxicity. Thus, NEE relative part has become prevalent, potentially making of these emissions a major human health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the biological effects of NEE. We paid particular attention to the toxicological effects of Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP) induced in vitro and in vivo in mammalian models. To this end, we performed a bibliographic search in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Of the 400 papers, 22 were found to be relevant and included in our analysis, confirming that the assessment of the TRWP toxicity in mammalian models is still limited. This review also reports that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main mechanisms underlying the toxicity of TRWP.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Mammals; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 37343887
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164989 -
Actas Urologicas Espanolas 2024To identify the latest advances in suction devices and evaluate their effect in Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and ureteroscopy for stones. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the latest advances in suction devices and evaluate their effect in Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and ureteroscopy for stones.
BASIC PROCEDURES
A systematic literature search was performed on 4th January 2023 using Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE. Only English papers were included; both pediatric and adult studies were accepted. Duplicate studies, case reports, letters to the editor, and meeting abstracts were excluded.
MAIN FINDINGS
Twenty-one papers were selected. Several methods have been proposed for suction use in RIRS, such as through the ureteral access sheath or directly to the scope. Artificial intelligence can also regulate this system, monitoring pressure and perfusion flow values. All the proposed techniques showed satisfactory perioperative results for operative time, stone-free rate (SFR), and residual fragments. Moreover, the reduction of intrarenal pressure (induced by aspiration) was also associated with a lower infection rate. Even the studies that considered kidney stones with a diameter of 20 mm or higher reported higher SFR and reduced postoperative complications. However, the lack of well-defined settings for suction pressure and fluid flow prevents the standardization of the procedure.
CONCLUSION
Aspiration device in the surgical treatment of urinary stones favours a higher SFR, reducing infectious complications, as supported by the included studies. RIRS with a suction system provided to be a natural successor to the traditional technique, regulating intrarenal pressure and aspirating fine dust.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Artificial Intelligence; Suction; Treatment Outcome; Kidney Calculi; Ureter
PubMed: 37302691
DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.06.001 -
Journal of Exposure Science &... May 2024Occupational exposure role on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) onset has been little studied. Wood dust has been recognized as a human carcinogen, and many occupations have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Occupational exposure role on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) onset has been little studied. Wood dust has been recognized as a human carcinogen, and many occupations have high wood-dust exposure. The aim of this study was therefore to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature to summarize and analyse the risks of wood dust-related occupations on development of SCLC, taking tobacco use into account.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane using a predefined strategy and including case-control and cohort studies assessing occupational exposure to wood dust or wood dust-related occupations. To perform the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each of the studies were extracted. A random-effects model was fitted using the DerSimonian Laird method. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. Quality was assessed using the Office and Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) for human and animal studies instrument.
RESULTS
Eleven studies with a total of 2,368 SCLC cases and 357,179 controls were included. Overall, exposure to wood dust significantly increases risk of SCLC (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.80), with low heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 40%). The association was maintained in studies conducted on males (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.12-1.78) but not in those conducted on females/both sexes (RR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.35-3.44). Sensitivity analysis showed that none of the studies significantly modified the results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results support that exposure to wood-dust can increase the risk of SCLC. Although the level of evidence is low, there are strong arguments to recommend the implementation of effective control measures to reduce exposure in occupational settings, as a means of preventing SCLC.
IMPACT STATEMENT
The results of this study support that exposure to wood-dust can increase the risk of developing small cell lung cancer. Determining the impact of occupational exposure on workers is essential to improve their individual protection and prevention. There is a strong case for recommending the implementation of control measures to reduce occupational exposure to wood dust, specifically for highly exposed occupations such as carpenters and sawmills, in order to prevent small cell lung cancer.
Topics: Humans; Wood; Dust; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Occupational Exposure; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Female; Case-Control Studies; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 37012384
DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00538-w -
Integrated Environmental Assessment and... Nov 2023Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment, and may be a potential threat to human health. This review describes the MP exposure... (Review)
Review
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment, and may be a potential threat to human health. This review describes the MP exposure sources and pathways through drinking water, food intake, and air inhalation. The unregulated discharge of MPs in water sources and the absence of required MP filter technology in water treatment plants are important routes of MP exposure through drinking water. The presence of MPs in food may lead to the accumulation of MPs in the body. Exposure to MPs can occur through airborne fallout and dust inhalation in both indoor and outdoor environments. This review summarizes the MP exposure sources and possible pathways in the human body, and illustrates that the intake of drinking water, food consumption, and air inhalation should be assessed in during routine activities. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1422-1432. © 2023 SETAC.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Drinking Water; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 36661032
DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4742