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Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Apr 2024Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis.
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD.
METHODS
Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5).
RESULTS
The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Resistance Training; Rats; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Mice; Ventricular Remodeling; Oxidative Stress; Obesity; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38695409
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230490 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery May 2024ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of health benefits, including anticancer activity, and are converted to lipid mediators that could be adapted into... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of health benefits, including anticancer activity, and are converted to lipid mediators that could be adapted into pharmacological strategies. However, the stability of these mediators must be improved, and they may require formulation to achieve optimal tissue concentrations.
AREAS COVERED
Herein, the author reviews the literature around chemical stabilization and formulation of ω-3 PUFA mediators and their application in anticancer drug discovery.
EXPERT OPINION
Aryl-urea bioisosteres of ω-3 PUFA epoxides that killed cancer cells targeted the mitochondrion by a novel dual mechanism: as protonophoric uncouplers and as inhibitors of electron transport complex III that activated ER-stress and disrupted mitochondrial integrity. In contrast, aryl-ureas that contain electron-donating substituents prevented cancer cell migration. Thus, aryl-ureas represent a novel class of agents with tunable anticancer properties. Stabilized analogues of other ω-3 PUFA-derived mediators could also be adapted into anticancer strategies. Indeed, a cocktail of agents that simultaneously promote cell killing, inhibit metastasis and angiogenesis, and that attenuate the pro-inflammatory microenvironment is a novel future anticancer strategy. Such regimen may enhance anticancer drug efficacy, minimize the development of anticancer drug resistance and enhance outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Discovery; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Mitochondria; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38595031
DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2340493 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, livestock, and the food industry, benefiting the population.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the PRISMA verification protocol. The study focused on the anti-inflammatory effects, nutraceutical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils in lemon, orange, cumin, cinnamon, coriander, rosemary, thyme, and parsley. We also looked at their presence in the diet, their effect, their mechanism of action on health, and the most important active compounds. The search was conducted in the PubMed database for the last 12 years of publications, including , , and online cell model tests.
RESULTS
Essential oils have been shown to have multiple health benefits, primarily due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism of action of cinnamon oil alters bacterial membranes, modifies lipid profiles, and inhibits cell division, giving a potential benefit in protection against colitis. On the other hand, a significant improvement was observed in the diastolic pressure of patients with metabolic syndrome when supplementing them with cumin essential oil. The antimicrobial properties of coriander essential oil, especially its application in seafood like tilapia, demonstrate efficacy in improving health and resistance to bacterial infections. Cumin essential oil treats inflammation. Parsley essential oil is an antioxidant. Orange peel oil is antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and pro-oxidative. Lemon essential oil affects mouse intestinal microbiota. Thyme essential oil protects the colon against damage and DNA methylation. Carnosic acid in rosemary oil can reduce prostate cancer cell viability by modifying the endoplasmic reticulum function.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Essential oils have many therapeutic and antiparasitic properties. They are beneficial to human health in many ways. However, to understand their potential benefits, more research is needed regarding essential oils such as coriander, parsley, rosemary, cumin, and thyme. These research gaps are relevant since they restrict understanding of the possible benefits of these crucial oils for health-related contexts.
PubMed: 38435393
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1337785 -
Molecular Neurobiology Feb 2024The development of central nervous system (CNS) can form perceptual, memory, and cognitive functions, while injuries to CNS often lead to severe neurological dysfunction... (Review)
Review
The development of central nervous system (CNS) can form perceptual, memory, and cognitive functions, while injuries to CNS often lead to severe neurological dysfunction and even death. As one of the prevalent post-translational modifications (PTMs), O-GlcNAcylation has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in regulating the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. It has been indicated that O-GlcNAcylation could interact with phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation to jointly regulate the function and activity of proteins. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have suggested that O-GlcNAcylation played an important role in the CNS. During development, O-GlcNAcylation participated in the neurogenesis, neuronal development, and neuronal function. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation was involved in the progress of CNS injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and played a crucial role in the improvement of brain damage such as attenuating cognitive impairment, inhibiting neuroinflammation, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation showed great promise as a potential target in CNS development and injuries. In this article, we presented a review highlighting the role of O-GlcNAcylation in CNS development and injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, intervention with O-GlcNAcylation may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS diseases.
PubMed: 38367136
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04045-3 -
Microsurgery Feb 2024Ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury contribute to partial or complete flap necrosis. Traditionally, skin histology has been used to evaluate morphological and... (Review)
Review
Systematic review of pathologic markers in skin ischemia with and without reperfusion injury in microsurgical reconstruction: Biomarker alterations precede histological structure changes.
BACKGROUND
Ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury contribute to partial or complete flap necrosis. Traditionally, skin histology has been used to evaluate morphological and structural changes, however histology does not detect early changes. We hypothesize that morphological and structural skin changes in response to ischemia and IRI occur late, and modification of gene and protein expression are the earliest changes in ischemia and IRI.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting skin histology or gene/protein expression changes following ischemia with or without reperfusion injury published between 2002 and 2022 were included. The primary outcomes were descriptive and semi-quantitative histological structural changes, leukocyte infiltration, edema, vessel density; secondary outcomes were quantitative gene and protein expression intensity (PCR and western blot). Model type, experimental intervention, ischemia method and duration, reperfusion duration, biopsy location and time point were collected.
RESULTS
One hundred and one articles were included. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) showed inflammatory infiltration in early responses (12-24 h), with structural modifications (3-14 days) and neovascularization (5-14 days) as delayed responses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified angiogenesis (CD31, CD34), apoptosis (TUNEL, caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2), and protein localization (NF-κB). Gene (PCR) and protein expression (western blot) detected inflammation and apoptosis; endoplasmic reticulum stress/oxidative stress and hypoxia; and neovascularization. The most common markers were TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (inflammation), caspase-3 (apoptosis), VEGF (neovascularization), and HIF-1α (hypoxia).
CONCLUSION
There is no consensus or standard for reporting skin injury during ischemia and IRI. H&E histology is most frequently performed but is primarily descriptive and lacks sensitivity for early skin injury. Immunohistochemistry and gene/protein expression reveal immediate and quantitative cellular responses to skin ischemia and IRI. Future research is needed towards a universally-accepted skin injury scoring system.
Topics: Humans; Caspase 3; Reperfusion Injury; Ischemia; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Hypoxia; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38361264
DOI: 10.1002/micr.31141 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Matrine, an alkaloid derived from the dried roots of Aiton, has been utilized for the treatment of liver diseases, but its potential hepatotoxicity raises concerns....
Matrine, an alkaloid derived from the dried roots of Aiton, has been utilized for the treatment of liver diseases, but its potential hepatotoxicity raises concerns. However, the precise condition and mechanism of action of matrine on the liver remain inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to comprehensively evaluate both the hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects of matrine and provide therapeutic guidance based on the findings. The meta-analysis systematically searched relevant preclinical literature up to May 2023 from eight databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Med Online, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biomedical Literature Service System. The CAMARADES system assessed the quality and bias of the evidence. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA, which included the use of 3D maps and radar charts to display the effects of matrine dosage and frequency on hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity. After a thorough screening, 24 studies involving 657 rodents were selected for inclusion. The results demonstrate that matrine has bidirectional effects on ALT and AST levels, and it also regulates SOD, MDA, serum TG, serum TC, IL-6, TNF-α, and CAT levels. Based on our comprehensive three-dimensional analysis, the optimal bidirectional effective dosage of matrine ranges from 10 to 69.1 mg/kg. However, at a dose of 20-30 mg/kg/d for 0.02-0.86 weeks, it demonstrated high liver protection and low toxicity. The molecular docking analysis revealed the interaction between MT and SERCA as well as SREBP-SCAP complexes. Matrine could alter Ca homeostasis in liver injury via multiple pathways, including the SREBP1c/SCAP, Notch/RBP-J/HES1, IκK/NF-κB, and Cul3/Rbx1/Keap1/Nrf2. Matrine has bidirectional effects on the liver at doses ranging from 10 to 69.1 mg/kg by influencing Ca homeostasis in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202340114.
PubMed: 38348397
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1315584 -
Science China. Life Sciences Feb 2024The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells.... (Review)
Review
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
Topics: Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Cell Membrane; Mitochondria; Lysosomes; Endosomes
PubMed: 38212460
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9 -
Toxicology Letters Jan 2024This systematic review aimed to assess the association between neuropsychiatric effects of substance use and occurrence of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR)...
INTRODUCTION
This systematic review aimed to assess the association between neuropsychiatric effects of substance use and occurrence of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) through comprehensive electronic search of existing literature and review of their findings.
METHODS
A comprehensive electronic literature search was carried out on research articles published between 1950 to July 2023 through major databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Library.
RESULTS
A total of 21 research articles were selected for review, which were comprised of sixteen animal studies, four human studies and one study on postmortem human brain samples. The selected studies revealed that alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom exposures contributed to neuropsychiatric effects: such as decline in learning and memory function, executive dysfunction, alcohol, methamphetamine, opioid, and kratom dependence. These effects were associated with activation and persistent of ER stress and UPR with elevation of BiP and CHOP expression and the direction of ER stress is progressing towards the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway and neuronal apoptosis and neurodegeneration at various regions of the brain. In addition, regular kratom use in humans also contributed to elevation of p-JNK expression, denoting progress of ER stress towards the IRE1-ASK1-JNK-p-JNK pathway which was linked to kratom use disorder. However, treatment with certain compounds or biological agents could reverse the activation of ER stress.
CONCLUSIONS
The neuropsychiatric effects of alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom use may be associated with persistent ER stress and UPR.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; eIF-2 Kinase; Analgesics, Opioid; Unfolded Protein Response; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Apoptosis; Methamphetamine; Substance-Related Disorders; Cocaine
PubMed: 38101493
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.008 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023Recently, attention has been paid to the protective properties of active ingredients in (AISM) against organ toxicity induced by chemotherapy drugs. Purpose of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recently, attention has been paid to the protective properties of active ingredients in (AISM) against organ toxicity induced by chemotherapy drugs. Purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the chemoprotective effects and mechanisms of AISM on models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC).
METHODS
According to the PRISMA guideline, the current systematic review was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to collect all relevant studies on "the role of AISM on DIC" published up until May 2023. The SYRCLE's tool was used to identify potential risk of bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-two eligible articles were included in this systematic review. Eleven types of active ingredients in were used for DIC, which have the following effects: improvement of physical signs and biochemical indicators, reduction of cardiac function damage caused by DIC, protection of heart tissue structure, enhancement of myocardial cell viability, prevention of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increase of the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to Doxorubicin, . The cardioprotective mechanism of AISM involves inhibiting apoptosis, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, decreasing inflammation, improving mitochondrial structure and function, affecting cellular autophagy and calcium homeostasis. The quality scores of included studies ranged from 4 to 7 points (a total of 10 points), according to SYRCLE's risk of bias tool.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review demonstrated that AISM have chemoprotective effects on DIC and models through several main mechanisms such as anti-apoptosis, antioxidant effects, anti-ER stress, and anti-inflammatory.
PubMed: 37915739
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1267525 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Sep 2023The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on whether calreticulin levels could represent a prognostic factor in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on whether calreticulin levels could represent a prognostic factor in carcinoma patients. Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that can play distinct roles in different cancers.
METHODS
The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs, Science Direct, Embase, Bireme, and SciELO databases. After a full-text evaluation, only 14 articles remained. The RoBANS tool assessed the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was performed with R software, and the odds ratio (OR) was the effect measure. The random effects model was chosen, and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE.
RESULT
The most frequent carcinomas were in the breasts and the colon. CRT expression varied according to carcinoma origin and type, but these diseases had a prevalence of high CRT levels, indicating tumor progression. The high CRT levels were associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.06 [1.71; 5.48]/p = 0.0002/I2 = 0%). All included articles had a blinding bias.
CONCLUSION
High CRT levels may represent a prognostic factor for metastatic lymph nodes in carcinoma patients.
Topics: Humans; Calreticulin; Carcinoma; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis
PubMed: 37774043
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.9.2929