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Carbohydrate Polymers Jun 2024Gleditsia fruits have been known as a valuable traditional Chinese herb for tens of centuries. Previous studies showed that the galactomannans are considered as one of... (Review)
Review
Gleditsia fruits have been known as a valuable traditional Chinese herb for tens of centuries. Previous studies showed that the galactomannans are considered as one of the major bioactive components in Gleditsia fruits seeds (GSGs). Here, we systematically review the major studies of GSGs in recent years to promote their better understanding. The extraction methods of GSGs mainly include hot water extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic extraction, acid extraction, and alkali extraction. The analysis revealed that GGSs exhibited in the form of semi-flexible coils, and its molecular weight ranged from 0.018 × 10 to 2.778 × 10 KDa. GSGs are composed of various monosaccharide constituents such as mannose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose. In terms of pharmacological effects, GSGs exhibit excellent activity in antioxidation, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammation. Moreover, GSGs have excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which make them used in food additives, food packaging, pharmaceutical field, industry and agriculture. Of cause, the shortcomings of the current research and the potential development and future research are also highlighted. We believe our work provides comprehensive knowledge and underpinnings for further research and development of GSGs.
Topics: Gleditsia; Mannans; Seeds; Fruit; Polysaccharides; Galactose
PubMed: 38553218
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122019 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Jul 2023Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of dental caries. The aim of this research was, through a systematic... (Review)
Review
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of dental caries. The aim of this research was, through a systematic review, to identify SNPs recently associated with dental caries in pediatric populations. We included studies performed in humans up to 18 years of age that evaluated the relationship between SNPs and dental caries from 2017 to 2022. Articles that covered other study variables were excluded. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science were used to search for information and the included articles were evaluated with one of the Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. Twenty-five articles were selected, 60% of which were given high methodological quality. A total of 10,743 research subjects, ranging in age from 20 months to 17 years, participated in the study. The SNPs considered risk factors were identified in the genes miRNA202, VDR, AMELX, TUFT1, KLK4, MBL2, ENAM, DEFB1, HLA-DRB1, TAS1R1, DSPP, RUNX2 and MMP13; those considered protective factors were identified in the genes MMP20, AMBN, MMP9, TIMP2, TNF-α, VDR, IL1B, ENAM and HLA-DRB1. This systematic review presents the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the etiology of caries in children and adolescents, some of which act as risk factors and others as protective factors against the disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Dental Caries; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Mannose-Binding Lectin; beta-Defensins; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 37540722
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8200501 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Sep 2023Although multiple radiopharmaceuticals are currently available for sentinel node (SN) biopsy, Tc-tilmanocept is of particular interest due to its low molecular weight... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Tc-Tilmanocept performance for sentinel node mapping in breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis from a European expert panel.
PURPOSE
Although multiple radiopharmaceuticals are currently available for sentinel node (SN) biopsy, Tc-tilmanocept is of particular interest due to its low molecular weight and specific binding capability for the mannose receptors of lymphatic reticuloendothelial cells. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide an update from a European expert panel on the performance of Tc-tilmanocept for SN biopsy.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of the PubMed/Medline and Embase databases was performed to identify studies on the use of Tc-tilmanocept for SN identification in oncological patients. The articles' methodological quality was assessed before inclusion. The pooled estimates of the pre-/intraoperative detection rates (DR; proportion of patients with ≥ 1 SN identified) and/or pN + sensitivity (SN + /pN + patients ratio), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck cancer.
RESULTS
Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review, and twenty-one provided data for the meta-analysis. According to data availability, the Tc-tilmanocept-estimated pooled preoperative and intraoperative DRs were 0.94 (95%CI, 0.88-1.01) and 0.99 (0.98-1.00) for breast cancer, 0.98 (0.96-0.99) and 1.00 (0.99-1.00) for melanoma, and 0.97 (0.93-1.02) and 0.99 (0.96-1.01) for head and neck carcinoma. Finally, the pooled sensitivity for nodal metastasis in melanoma was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92-1.03).
CONCLUSION
Tc-tilmanocept is a promising radiotracer for SN mapping in patients with breast cancer, melanoma, or head and neck cancer. We strongly believe that multicenter trials are still needed to assess if Tc-tilmanocept is superior to other radiotracers used in clinical routine.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Melanoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes
PubMed: 37310426
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06290-5 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Pistachio ( L.) is consumed in almost every part of the world enclosed in shells that are thrown out in baskets. Similarly, hulls separated from pistachio are discarded...
Pistachio ( L.) is consumed in almost every part of the world enclosed in shells that are thrown out in baskets. Similarly, hulls separated from pistachio are discarded as waste in food processing industries. These waste materials contain functional constituents having immense industrial and nutraceutical applications. This review article summarizes the scientific investigations regarding the functional constituents and bioactive compounds in pistachio shells (PSs) and pistachio hulls (PHs). It also highlights the nutraceutical potential exhibited by functionally active compounds as well as their potential applications in various industries including nutraceutical, medicinal, and feed industries together with biosynthetic development of useful products and wastewater treatment. Pistachio waste (PW) comprising PS and PH is a rich source of various bioactive compounds. PS is full of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. PH is an excellent source of carbohydrates (80.64 ± 0.98%) (including glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid) as well as ash (6.32 ± 0.26%) and proteins (1.80 ± 0.28%) with small amounts of fats (0.04 ± 0.005%). Owing to its composition, PW can be beneficial in many nutraceuticals, including antioxidation, cytoprotection, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotection, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenesis, anti-inflammation, and anti-microbial. The waste materials have vast applications in the food industry, such as bio-preservation of oils and meat products, prevention of enzymatic browning in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms, development of functional cereal and dairy products, production of food enzymes, emulsions, and manufacturing of biodegradable films for food packaging. The use of these waste products to develop and design novel functional foods with improved quality is important for both food industries and food sustainability.
Topics: Pistacia; Dietary Supplements; Antioxidants; Oils; Lignin
PubMed: 36200872
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130158