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Sleep Medicine Aug 2024Sleep-disordered breathing promotes not only unfavorable craniofacial changes in untreated pediatric patients but also neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and... (Review)
Review
Sleep-disordered breathing promotes not only unfavorable craniofacial changes in untreated pediatric patients but also neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and even long-term social alterations. This systematic review evaluated whether children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have different intestinal microbiota constitutions from healthy children and was based on the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42022360074). A total of 1562 clinical studies published between 2019 and 2023 were selected from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, of which five were included in the qualitative analysis, three being randomized and two prospective. The methodological quality was assessed (RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I) and all studies showed a negative effect of intervention. Sleep deprivation and intermittent hypoxia in children with OSAS seem to trigger a cascade of inflammatory pathways that exacerbate the tissue response to the release of reactive oxygen species and the generation of oxidative stress, leading to a reduction in oxygen supply to the intestinal mucosa and the integral destruction of the intestinal barrier. More evidence-based investigations are needed to optimize the identification of possible alterations in the gut microbiota of pediatric patients, given that its composition may be influenced by the patient's sleep quality and, consequently, by OSAS, showing quantitative and qualitative alterations compared to that found in healthy individuals.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Child
PubMed: 38878352
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.06.002 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jun 2024The formation of adhesions after gynecological surgery not only has detrimental impacts on those affected, including pain, obstruction, and infertility, but also imposes... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
The formation of adhesions after gynecological surgery not only has detrimental impacts on those affected, including pain, obstruction, and infertility, but also imposes a high economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to evaluate the adhesion prevention potential of all currently available adhesion barriers for gynecological surgery.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We systematically searched MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of adhesion barriers as compared with peritoneal irrigation or no treatment in gynecological surgery. Only RCTs with second-look surgery to evaluate adhesions in the pelvic/abdominal (but not intrauterine) cavity were included.
RESULTS
We included 45 RCTs with a total of 4,120 patients examining a total of 10 unique types of barriers in second-look gynecological surgery. While RCTs on oxidized regenerated cellulose (significant improvement in 6 of 14 trials), polyethylene glycol with/without other agents (4/10), hyaluronic acid and hyaluronate + carboxymethylcellulose (7/10), icodextrin (1/3), dextran (0/3), fibrin-containing agents (1/2), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (1/1), N,O-carboxymethylchitosan (0/1), and modified starch (1/1) overall showed inconsistent findings, results for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, hyaluronic acid, and modified starch yielded the greatest improvements regarding adhesion reduction at 75%, 0-67%, and 85%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Best results for adhesion prevention were reported after applying Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane, hyaluronic acid, and 4DryField. As Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane is nonabsorbable, it is associated with a greater risk of new adhesion formation due to second-look surgery to remove the product. 4DryField yielded the greatest improvement in adhesion score compared to all other barrier agents (85%). For better comparability, future studies should use standardized scores and put more emphasis on patient-reported outcome measures, such as pain and infertility.
PubMed: 38878233
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07584-1 -
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Jun 2024Inhalation of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at atmospheric pressure can be toxic with dose-dependent effects on the cardiorespiratory system or the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Inhalation of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at atmospheric pressure can be toxic with dose-dependent effects on the cardiorespiratory system or the central nervous system. Exposure to both hyperbaric and hypobaric environments can result in decompression sickness (DCS). The effects of CO₂ on DCS are not well documented with conflicting results. The objective was to review the literature to clarify the effects of CO₂ inhalation on DCS in the context of hypobaric or hyperbaric exposure.
METHODS
The systematic review included experimental animal and human studies in hyper- and hypobaric conditions evaluating the effects of CO₂ on bubble formation, denitrogenation or the occurrence of DCS. The search was based on MEDLINE and PubMed articles with no language or date restrictions and also included articles from the underwater and aviation medicine literature.
RESULTS
Out of 43 articles, only 11 articles were retained and classified according to the criteria of hypo- or hyperbaric exposure, taking into account the duration of CO₂ inhalation in relation to exposure and distinguishing experimental work from studies conducted in humans.
CONCLUSIONS
Before or during a stay in hypobaric conditions, exposure to high concentrations of CO₂ favors bubble formation and the occurrence of DCS. In hyperbaric conditions, high CO₂ concentrations increase the occurrence of DCS when exposure occurs during the bottom phase at maximum pressure, whereas beneficial effects are observed when exposure occurs during decompression. These opposite effects depending on the timing of exposure could be related to 1) the physical properties of CO₂, a highly diffusible gas that can influence bubble formation, 2) vasomotor effects (vasodilation), and 3) anti-inflammatory effects (kinase-nuclear factor and heme oxygenase-1 pathways). The use of O₂-CO₂ breathing mixtures on the surface after diving may be an avenue worth exploring to prevent DCS.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Atmospheric Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Decompression Sickness; Diving
PubMed: 38870953
DOI: 10.28920/dhm54.2.110-119 -
Food & Function Jul 2024The most significant contributor to global mortality are cardiovascular diseases. Dietary factors significantly impact the risk, advancement, and treatment of...
The most significant contributor to global mortality are cardiovascular diseases. Dietary factors significantly impact the risk, advancement, and treatment of cardiometabolic conditions. Chocolate, known for its adaptability and capacity to stimulate pleasure centers, emerges as a promising vehicle for integrating different bioactive elements. This systematic review analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials investigating the health effects of consuming enriched, fortified, or supplemented chocolate. These trials varied in chocolate intake amounts (ranging from 5 to 101 g day), incorporated bioactive components (co-crystalized astaxanthin, lycopene, wood-based phytosterol-phytostanol mixture, canola sterol esters, .), and duration (from 2 weeks to 1 year). Some enriched chocolates were found to reduce total and LDL cholesterol and influence markers of oxidative damage, inflammation, immune function, and skin parameters. However, certain trials showed a minimal impact on health outcomes. Therefore, while enriched chocolate holds promise as a carrier for beneficial bioactive compounds, rigorous scientific inquiry and methodological rigor are crucial to fully substantiate these claims. Comprehensive evaluations covering cardiovascular health, metabolic function, immune response, and other aspects are needed to understand its potential benefits and limitations. Advancing robust research initiatives could help realize the full potential of enriched chocolate in promoting human health and well-being.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chocolate; Dietary Supplements; Food, Fortified; Functional Food; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38864465
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01574f -
IET Nanobiotechnology 2024Foodborne disease outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens and their toxins have become a serious concern for global public health and security. Finding novel antibacterial... (Review)
Review
Foodborne disease outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens and their toxins have become a serious concern for global public health and security. Finding novel antibacterial agents with unique mechanisms of action against the current spoilage and foodborne bacterial pathogens is a central strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance. This study examined the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of action of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) against foodborne bacterial pathogens. The articles written in English were recovered from registers and databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals) and other sources (websites, organizations, and citation searching). "Nanoparticles," "Inorganic Nanoparticles," "Metal Nanoparticles," "Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles," "Antimicrobial Activity," "Antibacterial Activity," "Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens," "Mechanisms of Action," and "Foodborne Diseases" were the search terms used to retrieve the articles. The PRISMA-2020 checklist was applied for the article search strategy, article selection, data extraction, and result reporting for the review process. A total of 27 original research articles were included from a total of 3,575 articles obtained from the different search strategies. All studies demonstrated the antibacterial effectiveness of inorganic NPs and highlighted their different mechanisms of action against foodborne bacterial pathogens. In the present study, small-sized, spherical-shaped, engineered, capped, low-dissolution with water, high-concentration NPs, and in Gram-negative bacterial types had high antibacterial activity as compared to their counterparts. Cell wall interaction and membrane penetration, reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, and protein synthesis inhibition were some of the generalized mechanisms recognized in the current study. Therefore, this study recommends the proper use of nontoxic inorganic nanoparticle products for food processing industries to ensure the quality and safety of food while minimizing antibiotic resistance among foodborne bacterial pathogens.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Foodborne Diseases; Nanoparticles; Food Microbiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Metal Nanoparticles; Bacteria; Humans
PubMed: 38863967
DOI: 10.1049/2024/5417924 -
The ISME Journal Jan 2024Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are valuable tools serving systems biology and metabolic engineering. However, GEMs are still an underestimated tool in informing... (Review)
Review
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are valuable tools serving systems biology and metabolic engineering. However, GEMs are still an underestimated tool in informing microbial ecology. Since their first application for aerobic gammaproteobacterial methane oxidizers less than a decade ago, GEMs have substantially increased our understanding of the metabolism of methanotrophs, a microbial guild of high relevance for the natural and biotechnological mitigation of methane efflux to the atmosphere. Particularly, GEMs helped to elucidate critical metabolic and regulatory pathways of several methanotrophic strains, predicted microbial responses to environmental perturbations, and were used to model metabolic interactions in cocultures. Here, we conducted a systematic review of GEMs exploring aerobic methanotrophy, summarizing recent advances, pointing out weaknesses, and drawing out probable future uses of GEMs to improve our understanding of the ecology of methane oxidizers. We also focus on their potential to unravel causes and consequences when studying interactions of methane-oxidizing bacteria with other methanotrophs or members of microbial communities in general. This review aims to bridge the gap between applied sciences and microbial ecology research on methane oxidizers as model organisms and to provide an outlook for future studies.
Topics: Methane; Oxidation-Reduction; Aerobiosis; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Models, Biological
PubMed: 38861460
DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae102 -
Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review.Environmental Research Jun 2024Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s has been associated with adverse effects on human health, but the systemic repercussion of these elements on the development of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s has been associated with adverse effects on human health, but the systemic repercussion of these elements on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is still poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize evidence published about the influence of environmental exposure to aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, strontium and mercury on the development of HDP.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search strategy was validated by the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies. We searched for articles published up to February 2023 in seven databases without language restriction. Two researchers conducted the steps for selection, data extraction and evaluation of the methodological quality of the instruments for epidemiological studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Any disagreements were resolved by a third researcher.
RESULTS
We obtained 5076 records, of which 37 articles met the inclusion criteria moderate to high methodological quality. Single exposure to metal(loid)s was predominant, and the leading biological matrix analyzed to detect the concentrations from exposure was maternal blood. Lead was the metal investigated the most, and had the largest number of studies showing positive association with HDP. In relation to the other metal(loid)s, higher levels were found in women with HDP in comparison with healthy women, but the finding of a cause-effect relationship was inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS
Although we found evidence of harmful effects of the metal(loid)s studied on human health, the results were inconclusive with regard to HDP. Longitudinal studies that consider prospective investigation, adjustment of confounding factors and the interference of other contaminants in the exacerbation of oxidative stress in women from the preconception phase to the puerperal period should be encouraged.
PubMed: 38857855
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119391 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animal models.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animal models.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted on studies published from establishment to November 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The methodological quality was assessed using Sycle's RoB tool. An analysis of sensitivity and subgroups were performed when high heterogeneity was observed. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 24 studies involving 440 animals with methodological quality scores ranging from 4 to 6. The results demonstrated that curcumin treatment significantly improved Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [standard mean difference (SMD) = -3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-4.96, -2.83), < 0.01, I = 85.9%], Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)[SMD = - 4.40, 95% CI (-5.40, -3.40), < 0.01, I = 81.2%]. Sensitivity analysis of AST and ALT confirmed the stability and reliability of the results obtained. However, the funnel plot exhibited asymmetry. Subgroup analysis based on species and animal models revealed statistically significant differences among subgroups. Furthermore, curcumin therapy improved fibrosis degree, oxidative stress level, inflammation level, and liver synthesis function in animal models of liver fibrosis.
CONCLUSION
Curcumin intervention not only mitigates liver fibrosis but also enhances liver function, while concurrently modulating inflammatory responses and antioxidant capacity in animal models. This result provided a strong basis for further large-scale animal studies as well as clinical trials in humans in the future. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024502671.
PubMed: 38855740
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396834 -
Mitochondrion Jun 2024Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to pathological conditions like ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. To address the lack of effective therapeutic interventions for IR... (Review)
Review
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to pathological conditions like ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. To address the lack of effective therapeutic interventions for IR injury and potential knowledge gaps in the current literature, we systematically reviewed 3800 experimental studies across 5 databases and identified 20 mitochondrial genes impacting IR injury in various organs. Notably, CyPD, Nrf2, and GPX4 are well-studied genes consistently influencing IR injury outcomes. Emerging genes like ALDH2, BNIP3, and OPA1 are supported by human genetic evidence, thereby warranting further investigation. Findings of this review can inform future research directions and inspire therapeutic advancements.
PubMed: 38848983
DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101908 -
Pediatric Surgery International Jun 2024The aim of this study was to analyze the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters as an indicator of oxidative stress in acute appendicitis (AA). PubMed,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this study was to analyze the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters as an indicator of oxidative stress in acute appendicitis (AA). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies reporting on TDH in AA (both complicated and uncomplicated cases) were included. The comparator group were healthy controls. The TDH domain was compared between the groups using anti-oxidant parameters, namely native thiol and total thiol levels, and native thiol/total thiol ratio; and oxidant parameters, namely disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio. The statistical analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eleven studies with a total of 926 subjects, comprising 457 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis, 147 with complicated appendicitis, and 322 healthy controls were included. Our study demonstrated significantly increased oxidative stress in AA as compared to healthy controls in all TDH parameters and significantly lower total thiol levels in complicated AA as compared to uncomplicated AA. Due to a poor methodological quality in five out of eleven studies, future prospective studies with adequate power are essential to validate these observations and refine the diagnostic approaches to AA.
Topics: Appendicitis; Humans; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Homeostasis; Disulfides; Biomarkers; Oxidative Stress; Acute Disease
PubMed: 38847871
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05728-7