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Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jun 2024Isoniazid-induced pancreatitis is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction, however, the frequency of its occurrence is unknown. We conducted a systematic review to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Isoniazid-induced pancreatitis is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction, however, the frequency of its occurrence is unknown. We conducted a systematic review to explore this adverse drug reaction comprehensively.
METHODS
We performed an advanced search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and Embase for studies that reported isoniazid-induced pancreatitis. From the extracted data of eligible cases, we performed a descriptive analysis and a methodological risk of bias assessment using a standardized tool.
RESULTS
We included 16 case reports from eight countries comprising 16 patients in our systematic review. Most of the isoniazid-induced pancreatitis cases were extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. We found the mean age across all case reports was 36.7 years. In all the cases, discontinuation of isoniazid resulted in the resolution of pancreatitis.
CONCLUSIONS
We found the latency period for isoniazid-induced pancreatitis to be ranged from 12 to 45 days after initiation of isoniazid therapy. A low threshold for screening of pancreatitis by measuring pancreatic enzymes in patients on isoniazid presenting with acute abdominal pain is recommended. This would facilitate an early diagnosis and discontinuation of isoniazid, thus reducing the severity of pancreatitis and preventing the complications of pancreatitis.
PubMed: 38941909
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102535 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2024Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has severe consequences on the quality and expectancy of life and is considered a major health problem worldwide. This is, especially... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has severe consequences on the quality and expectancy of life and is considered a major health problem worldwide. This is, especially relevant in pediatric patients, as they have unique characteristics and a mortality rate 30 times higher (in advanced stages) than healthy people. This review aims to define the minimum components for the diagnostic approach and monitoring of CKD in the pediatric population from primary health care to promote comprehensive care and adequate risk management. For this purpose, we performed a systematic review of the literature with a panel of experts. Based on the evidence, to optimize the definition, diagnosis, and timely treatment of CKD in the pediatric population, we formulated 21 recommendations. These were approved by the research team and peer-reviewed by clinical experts. They will facilitate the definition of the diagnostic approach for CKD in the pediatric population in primary health-care settings, allowing for timely treatment intervention, comprehensive care, and monitoring of this disease.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Child; Primary Health Care; Comprehensive Health Care
PubMed: 38941646
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.23000174 -
Medicine Jun 2024Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, has been widely used for treating depression since the Ming Dynasty, as recorded in Jingyue Quanshu, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, has been widely used for treating depression since the Ming Dynasty, as recorded in Jingyue Quanshu, but its effectiveness and safety lack comprehensive and objective evaluation. Based on our meta-analysis, we aimed to adequately evaluate the efficacy and risk of CSS by considering the latest clinical literature.
METHODS
Multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang, were used to collect clinical data. The quality of the included clinical studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the data were meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.0 and Stata 17. The data were obtained from a genome-wide association study, and Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using R Software 4.3.2 with the TwoSampleMR and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier packages.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies with 1034 patients and 6 antidepressant drugs were included in this work. Meta-analyses revealed that drug combinations of CSS and antidepressants significantly improved depressive symptoms (weighted mean difference = -4.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.62--2.81), increased the effective rate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.44-6.83), and reduced side effects (OR = -3.55; 95% CI: -5.66--1.43) compared with antidepressant monotherapy. Additionally, compared with antidepressant monotherapy, CSS alone exhibited fewer side effects (95% CI:-9.25--6.95). Like antidepressants, CSS also improved depressive symptoms (weighted mean difference = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.63--0.52) and increased the effective rate (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.52-2.20). Additionally, MR was used to evaluate the safety of traditional antidepressants, as there was a causal association between amitriptyline and body mass index.
CONCLUSION
This analysis demonstrated that compared with traditional antidepressants, CSS combined with antidepressants was more effective and safer for treating depressed patients. MR showed that a causal relationship may exist between amitriptyline and body mass index. Therefore, clinicians should carefully consider the advantages and potential drawbacks of Traditional Chinese Medicine and classic drugs to serve patients better.
Topics: Humans; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Plant Extracts; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38941409
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038668 -
Medicine Jun 2024Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in older adults with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of frailty on the prognosis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in older adults with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of frailty on the prognosis of older adults with diabetes through a systematic review and meta-analysis, with the goal of offering insights for clinical decision-making.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane were systematically searched from inception to September 10th, 2023. Reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and evaluated the quality of studies. Stata 15.1 Software was used to perform the meta-analysis. The primary outcomes of this study were mortality, hospitalization and disability, and the secondary outcomes were diabetes complications (including nephropathy, microvascular complications, macroangiopathy, cardiovascular events, hypoglycemia) and urolithiasis.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were included in this study, with low risk of bias and moderate to good quality. The results showed that frailty increased the risk of mortality (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.55-2.35, P < .001), hospitalization (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.53-3.13, P < .001), and disability in older adults with diabetes (HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.35-6.28, P < .001). In addition, frailty was associated with diabetes complications (including nephropathy, microvascular complications, macroangiopathy, cardiovascular events, hypoglycemia), urolithiasis.
CONCLUSIONS
Frailty is an important predictor of adverse outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, and disability in older adults with diabetes. Accurate assessment of the frailty in older adults with diabetes can help improve the adverse outcomes of patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Frailty; Hospitalization; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors; Prognosis; Frail Elderly; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Male
PubMed: 38941383
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038621 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic value of echocardiography for Acute Heart Failure (AHF) and its utility in urgent clinical situations, emphasizing its...
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic value of echocardiography for Acute Heart Failure (AHF) and its utility in urgent clinical situations, emphasizing its significance for accurate and timely diagnosis in critical care.
METHODS
Relevant studies from databases like PubMed and Embase were selected using terms such as 'Ultrasound' and 'acute heart failure'. Inclusion criteria focused on studies evaluating echocardiographic diagnosis in adult patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AHF. Quality assessment was performed using RevMan 5.3 and QUADAS. Key metrics like sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were analyzed using STATA 15.1. The types of echocardiography assessed included transthoracic and focused cardiac ultrasound.
RESULTS
Eighteen articles were included, indicating echocardiography's high sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (0.96) in diagnosing AHF. The combined positive likelihood ratio of 23.2 suggests that patients with AHF are over 23 times more likely to have a positive echocardiography result than those without AHF, greatly influencing clinical decision-making toward confirming the diagnosis. The AUC of the SROC curve was 0.98, indicating excellent overall accuracy.
CONCLUSION
Echocardiography is highly accurate in diagnosing AHF, underscored by its critical role in early treatment decisions and potential integration into standard care protocols, thereby preventing adverse outcomes and improving patient management.
PubMed: 38940797
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurosurgery Jun 2024Significant evidence has indicated that the reporting quality of novel predictive models is poor because of confounding by small data sets, inappropriate statistical...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Significant evidence has indicated that the reporting quality of novel predictive models is poor because of confounding by small data sets, inappropriate statistical analyses, and a lack of validation and reproducibility. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement was developed to increase the generalizability of predictive models. This study evaluated the quality of predictive models reported in neurosurgical literature through their compliance with the TRIPOD guidelines.
METHODS
Articles reporting prediction models published in the top 5 neurosurgery journals by SCImago Journal Rank-2 (Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, and Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry) between January 1st, 2018, and January 1st, 2023, were identified through a PubMed search strategy that combined terms related to machine learning and prediction modeling. These original research articles were analyzed against the TRIPOD criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 110 articles were assessed with the TRIPOD checklist. The median compliance was 57.4% (IQR: 50.0%-66.7%). Models using machine learning-based models exhibited lower compliance on average compared with conventional learning-based models (57.1%, 50.0%-66.7% vs 68.1%, 50.2%-68.1%, P = .472). Among the TRIPOD criteria, the lowest compliance was observed in blinding the assessment of predictors and outcomes (n = 7, 12.7% and n = 10, 16.9%, respectively), including an informative title (n = 17, 15.6%) and reporting model performance measures such as confidence intervals (n = 27, 24.8%). Few studies provided sufficient information to allow for the external validation of results (n = 26, 25.7%).
CONCLUSION
Published predictive models in neurosurgery commonly fall short of meeting the established guidelines laid out by TRIPOD for optimal development, validation, and reporting. This lack of compliance may represent the minor extent to which these models have been subjected to external validation or adopted into routine clinical practice in neurosurgery.
PubMed: 38940578
DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003074 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Jan 2024<b><br>Introduction:</b> Obesity's associated comorbidities and treatment costs have risen significantly, highlighting the importance of early... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
<b><br>Introduction:</b> Obesity's associated comorbidities and treatment costs have risen significantly, highlighting the importance of early weight loss strategies. Bariatric surgeries like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) have been effective in promoting weight loss and improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim was to determine whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective than vertical sleeve gastrectomy in the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</br> <b><br>Methods:</b> A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. A literature search was performed in the databases Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline/Ovid. A total of 1323 results were identified; after screening, 14 articles were selected and included in the systematic review. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured by RR with a 95% CI.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> The primary outcome of T2DM remission was 15% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.15, [95% CI: 1.04-1.28]). For secondary outcomes, hypertension remission was 7% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.07, [95% CI: 1.00-1.16]). Remission of dyslipidemia was 16% in favor of VSG (RR: 1.16, [95% CI: 1.06-1.26]). BMI after surgery was in favor of RYGB (MD: -1.31, [95% CI: -1.98 to -0.64]). For weight loss, the results favored VSG (MD: 6.50, [95% CI: 4.99-8.01]). In relation to total cholesterol, they were 65% favorable for RYGB (MD: -0.35, [95% CI: -0.46 to -0.24]), with a value of p <0.05. For LDL values, our results were 69% favorable for RYGB (MD: -0.31, [95% CI: -0.45 to -0.16]), p <0.01 value.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is more effective in T2DM remission, hypertension remission, dyslipidemia remission, and weight loss compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective at lowering BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, and TG compared to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.</br>.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Obesity, Morbid; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38940248
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.2674 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Jun 2024The understanding of neuropathic pain remains incomplete, highlighting the need for research on biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The understanding of neuropathic pain remains incomplete, highlighting the need for research on biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on identifying potential biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid for neuropathic pain in different neuropathies.
METHODS
Searches were performed in six databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Included were observational studies, namely cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control, that evaluated quantitative biomarkers in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Data were qualitatively synthesized, and meta-analyses were conducted using R. The study is registered with PROSPERO under the ID CRD42022323769.
RESULTS
The literature search resulted in 16 studies for qualitative and 12 for quantitative analysis, covering patients over 18 years of age with painful neuropathies. A total of 1403 subjects were analyzed, identifying no significant differences in levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) between patients with and without pain. Despite the high inter-rater reliability and adequate bias assessment, the results suggest negligible differences in inflammatory biomarkers, with noted publication bias and heterogeneity among studies, indicating the need for further research.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review underscores the complex nature of neuropathic pain and the challenges in identifying biomarkers, with no significant differences found in CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels between patients with and without pain. Despite methodological robustness, the results are limited by publication bias and heterogeneity. This emphasizes the need for further research to discover definitive biomarkers for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Humans; Neuralgia; Biomarkers; Inflammation Mediators
PubMed: 38940091
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2306120 -
Journal of Extracellular Biology Nov 2023Parkinsonian disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive... (Review)
Review
Parkinsonian disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are often misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms and the absence of precise biomarkers. Furthermore, there are no current methods to ascertain the progression and conversion of prodromal conditions such as REM behaviour disorder (RBD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing a mixture of biomolecules, have emerged as potential sources for parkinsonian diagnostics. However, inconsistencies in previous studies have left their diagnostic potential unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, to assess the diagnostic accuracy of general EVs isolated from various bodily fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, serum, urine or saliva, in differentiating patients with parkinsonian disorders from healthy controls (HCs). The meta-analysis included 21 studies encompassing 1285 patients with PD, 24 with MSA, 105 with DLB, 99 with PSP, 101 with RBD and 783 HCs. Further analyses were conducted only for patients with PD versus HCs, given the limited number for other comparisons. Using bivariate and hierarchal receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) models, the meta-analysis revealed moderate diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing patients with PD from HCs, with substantial heterogeneity and publication bias. The trim-and-fill method revealed at least two missing studies with null or low diagnostic accuracy. CSF-EVs showed better overall diagnostic accuracy, while plasma-EVs had the lowest performance. General EVs demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy compared to CNS-originating EVs, which are more time-consuming, labour- and cost-intensive to isolate. In conclusion, while holding promise, utilizing biomarkers in general EVs for PD diagnosis remains unfeasible due to existing challenges. The focus should shift toward harmonizing the field through standardization, collaboration, and rigorous validation. Current efforts by the International Society For Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) aim to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of EV-related research through rigor and standardization, aiming to bridge the gap between theory and practical clinical application.
PubMed: 38939363
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.121 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024To estimate the predictors, prevalence and prognostic role of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To estimate the predictors, prevalence and prognostic role of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using meta-analysis.
METHODS
The PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for eligible studies from inception till May 2024. All of pooled analyses were performed using the random-effects model.
RESULTS
Fifty observational studies involving 17,558 CKD patients were selected. The prevalence of PH in CKD patients was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33%-43%), and the prevalence according to CKD status were 31% (95% CI: 20%-42%) for CKD (I-V), 39% (95% CI: 25%-54%) for end stage kidney disease (ESKD) (predialysis), 42% (95% CI: 35%-50%) for ESKD (hemodialysis), and 26% (95% CI: 19%-34%) for renal transplant. We noted the risk factors for PH in CKD included Black individuals (relative risk [RR]: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.63; < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.21-1.82; < 0.001), cardiovascular disease history (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.05-2.51; = 0.030), longer dialysis (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.18-2.46; = 0.005), diastolic dysfunction (RR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.38-2.55; < 0.001), systolic dysfunction (RR: 3.75; 95% CI: 2.88-4.87; < 0.001), and grade 5 CKD (RR: 5.64; 95% CI: 3.18-9.98; < 0.001). Moreover, PH in CKD patients is also associated with poor prognosis, including all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, and cardiac death.
CONCLUSION
This study systematically identified risk factors for PH in CKD patients, and PH were associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, patients with high prevalence of PH should be identified for treatment.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Renal Dialysis; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38938193
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2368082