-
Eating Behaviors Apr 2024To examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms (EDS) in 16 years and older individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes including both clinical and subclinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
To examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms (EDS) in 16 years and older individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes including both clinical and subclinical eating disorder symptoms.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases to discover studies reporting prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (both type 1 and type 2). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and an independent meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of insulin omission.
RESULTS
A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis of eating disorder symptoms. Diabetes Eating Problem Survey (DEPS-R) was the most frequently used screening tool (in 43 % of studies, n = 20). The pooled prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was 24 % (95 % CI 0.21-0.28), whereas in studies using DEPS-R, it was slightly higher, 27 % (95 % CI 0.24-0.31), with the prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.1. The prevalence differed between screening tools (χ = 85.83, df = 8, p < .0001). The sex distribution was associated with the observed prevalences; in studies with a higher female prevalence (>58 %), the pooled eating disorder symptom prevalence was higher [30 % (95 % CI 0.26-0.34) vs. 18 % (95 % Cl 0.14-0.22), PR 1.7]. The prevalence of insulin omission was 21 % (95 % CI 0.13-0.33).
CONCLUSIONS
Eating disorder symptoms and insulin omission are common in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes regardless of age. DEPS-R is the most used screening tool. Studies with a higher proportion of female participants report higher prevalence rates.
Topics: Humans; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Prevalence; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Male; Insulin; Adult; Adolescent
PubMed: 38452627
DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101863 -
Applied Ergonomics Jul 2024Industrial environments present unique challenges in ensuring worker safety and optimizing productivity. The emergence of smart wearable technologies such as smart...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Industrial environments present unique challenges in ensuring worker safety and optimizing productivity. The emergence of smart wearable technologies such as smart insoles has provided new opportunities to address these challenges through accurate unobtrusive monitoring and analysis of workers' activities and physical parameters. This systematic review aims to analyze the utilization of smart wearable insoles in industrial environments, focusing on their applications, employed analysis methods, and potential future directions.
METHODS
A comprehensive review was conducted, involving the analysis of 27 papers that utilized smart wearable insoles in industrial settings. The reviewed articles were evaluated to determine the trends in application and methodology, explore the implementation of smart insoles across different industries, and identify the prevalent machine learning models and analyzed activities in the relevant literature.
RESULTS
The majority of the reviewed articles (67%) primarily focused on human activity recognition and gesture estimation using smart wearable insoles, aiming to enhance safety and productivity in industrial settings. Furthermore, 10% of the studies focused on fatigue identification, 10% on slip, trip, and fall hazard detection, and 13% on biomechanical analyses of workers' body joint loads. The construction industry accounted for approximately 60% of the studies conducted in industrial settings using smart insoles. The most prevalent machine learning models utilized in these studies were neural networks (48%), support vector machines (33%), k-nearest neighbors (30%), decision trees (26%), and random forests (15%). These models achieved median accuracies of 95%, 96%, 91%, 92%, and 95%, respectively. Among the analyzed activities, walking, bending with/without lifting/lowering a load, and carrying a load were the most frequently considered, with frequencies of 10, 10, and 7 out of the 27 studies, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this systematic review demonstrate the growing interest in implementing smart wearable insoles in industrial environments to enhance safety and productivity. However, the effectiveness of these systems is dependent on factors such as accuracy, reliability, and generalizability of the models. The review highlights the need for further research to address these challenges and to explore the potential of these systems for use in other industrial applications such as manufacturing. Overall, this systematic review provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of occupational health and safety.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Industry; Machine Learning; Occupational Health; Shoes; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 38442642
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104250 -
BMC Geriatrics Mar 2024Currently, there is no systematic review to investigate the effectiveness of digital interventions for healthy ageing and cognitive health of older adults. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Currently, there is no systematic review to investigate the effectiveness of digital interventions for healthy ageing and cognitive health of older adults. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of digital intervention studies for facilitating healthy ageing and cognitive health and further identify the considerations of its application to older adults.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature were conducted across CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed databases following the PRISMA guideline. All included studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Checklist by independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using JBI SUMARI software to compare quantitative studies. Thematic analyses were used for qualitative studies and synthesised into the emerging themes.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included. Quantitative results showed no statistically significant pooled effect between health knowledge and healthy behaviour (I =76, p=0.436, 95% CI [-0.32,0.74]), and between cardiovascular-related health risks and care dependency I=0, p=0.426, 95% CI [0.90,1.29]). However, a statistically significant cognitive function preservation was found in older adults who had long-term use of laptop/cellphone devices and had engaged in the computer-based physical activity program (I=0, p<0.001, 95% CI [0.01, 0.21]). Qualitative themes for the considerations of digital application to older adults were digital engagement, communication, independence, human connection, privacy, and cost.
CONCLUSIONS
Digital interventions used in older adults to facilitate healthy ageing were not always effective. Health knowledge improvement does not necessarily result in health risk reduction in that knowledge translation is key. Factors influencing knowledge translation (i.e., digital engagement, human coaching etc) were identified to determine the intervention effects. However, using digital devices appeared beneficial to maintain older adults' cognitive functions in the longer term. Therefore, the review findings suggest that the expanded meaning of a person-centred concept (i.e., from social, environmental, and healthcare system aspects) should be pursued in future practice. Privacy and cost concerns of technologies need ongoing scrutiny from policy bodies. Future research looking into the respective health benefits can provide more understanding of the current digital intervention applied to older adults.
STUDY REGISTRATION
PROSPERO record ID: CRD42023400707 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=400707 .
Topics: Aged; Humans; Cell Phone; Cognition; Communication; Healthy Aging; Digital Health
PubMed: 38438870
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04617-3 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... May 2024Systematic review and meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
There is some controversy about the effects of calcitonin (CT) on lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). This systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of CT in the treatment of patients with LSS.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
We performed an electronic search depicting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through 4 databases from the date of database creation to January 2023. 3 different researchers conducted independent literature screening, data extractions, and quality assessments. The outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS), walking distance, and oswestry disability index (ODI). Meta-analysis and trial sequence analysis (TSA) were carried out using RevMan 5.4, Stata 16.0, and TSA 0.9. GRADE 3.6 was used to evaluate the evidence quality.
RESULTS
We accepted 9 studies with 496 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that CT offered no significant improvement in VAS, walking distance, or ODI in patients with LSS.
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence that CT has a benefit in patients with LSS, either alone or in combination with other treatments, or depending on the route of administration, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant RCTs.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcitonin; Disability Evaluation; Lumbar Vertebrae; Pain Measurement; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Spinal Stenosis
PubMed: 38436716
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05260-2 -
Redox Biology May 2024This systematic review provides an overview of the available evidence on the inter-individual variability (IIV) in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and... (Review)
Review
This systematic review provides an overview of the available evidence on the inter-individual variability (IIV) in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of phenolic metabolites and its determinants. Human studies were included investigating the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenols and reporting IIV. One hundred fifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Inter-individual differences were mainly related to gut microbiota composition and activity but also to genetic polymorphisms, age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, (patho)physiological status, and physical activity, depending on the (poly)phenol sub-class considered. Most of the IIV has been poorly characterised. Two major types of IIV were observed. One resulted in metabolite gradients that can be further classified into high and low excretors, as seen for all flavonoids, phenolic acids, prenylflavonoids, alkylresorcinols, and hydroxytyrosol. The other type of IIV is based on clusters of individuals defined by qualitative differences (producers vs. non-producers), as for ellagitannins (urolithins), isoflavones (equol and O-DMA), resveratrol (lunularin), and preliminarily for avenanthramides (dihydro-avenanthramides), or by quali-quantitative metabotypes characterized by different proportions of specific metabolites, as for flavan-3-ols, flavanones, and even isoflavones. Future works are needed to shed light on current open issues limiting our understanding of this phenomenon that likely conditions the health effects of dietary (poly)phenols.
Topics: Humans; Biological Availability; Phenols; Flavonoids; Isoflavones; Diet
PubMed: 38428187
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103095 -
BMC Geriatrics Feb 2024In the background of an aging population, the risk of cognitive impairment in the older population is prominent. Exposure to complex neighborhood built environments may...
BACKGROUND
In the background of an aging population, the risk of cognitive impairment in the older population is prominent. Exposure to complex neighborhood built environments may be beneficial to the cognitive health of older adults, and the purpose of this study was to systematically review the scientific evidence on the effects of neighborhood built environments on cognitive function in older adults.
METHODS
Keywords and references were searched in Web of Science, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies examining the relationship between the built environment and cognitive function in older adults were included. The neighborhood built environment as an independent variable was classified according to seven aspects: density, design, diversity, destination accessibility, public transportation distance, blue/green space, and built environment quality. The cognitive function as the dependent variable was classified according to overall cognitive function, domain-specific cognitive function, and incidence of dementia. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Study Quality Assessment Tool.
RESULTS
A total of 56 studies were included that met the inclusion criteria, including 31 cross-sectional studies, 23 longitudinal studies, 1 cross-sectional study design combined with a case-control design, and 1 longitudinal study design combined with a case-control design. Most of the studies reviewed indicate that the built environment factors that were positively associated with cognitive function in older adults were population density, street connectivity, walkability, number of public transportation stops around the residence, land use mix, neighborhood resources, green space, and quality of the neighborhood built environment. Built environment factors that were negatively associated with cognitive function in older adults were street integration, distance from residence to main road. The relationship between residential density, destination accessibility, and blue space with cognitive function in older adults needs to be further explored.
CONCLUSION
Preliminary evidence suggests an association between the neighborhood built environment and cognitive function in older adults. The causal relationship between the built environment and cognitive function can be further explored in the future using standardized and combined subjective and objective assessment methods, and longitudinal or quasi-experimental study designs. For public health interventions on the cognitive health of older adults, it is recommended that relevant authorities include the neighborhood built environment in their intervention programs.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Walking; Environment Design; Built Environment; Cognition; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 38408919
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04776-x -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Mar 2024A systematic review with meta-analysis was completed to study the effects of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO) oral ingestion from vegetables and salts on blood pressure... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review with meta-analysis was completed to study the effects of dietary inorganic nitrate (NO) oral ingestion from vegetables and salts on blood pressure responses during and following exercise.
BACKGROUND
NO is a hypotensive agent with the potential to reduce blood pressure peaks during exercise and amplify exercise-induced hypotensive effects. Several randomized and controlled trials have investigated the effects of NO on hemodynamic responses to physical exercise, however this still has yet to be studied systematically.
METHODS
The searches were conducted on EMBASE, Medline, and SPORTSDiscus databases. The study included masked randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with participants ≥18 years old. The NOintervention group received at least 50 mg NO/day with similar sources amid NO and placebo conditions. Included studies reported systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values during or following exercise performance.
RESULTS
1903 studies were identified, and twenty-six achieved the inclusion criteria. NO daily dosages ranged from 90 to 800 mg/day. Throughout exercise, SBP had smaller increases in the NO group (-2.81 mmHg (95%CI: -5.20 to -0.41), p=0.02. DBP demonstrated lower values in the NO group (-2.41 mmHg (95%CI: -4.02 to -0.79), p=0.003. In the post-exercise group, the NO group presented lower SBP values (-3.53 mmHg (95%CI: -5.65 to 1.41), p=0.001, while no changes were identified in DBP values between NO and placebo groups (p=0.31). Subgroup meta-analysis revealed that SBP baseline values, exercise type, duration of NO ingestion, and its dosages mediated blood pressure responses during and following exercise.
CONCLUSIONS
NO ingestion prior to exercise attenuated the increases in SBP and DBP during exercise, and increased the decline in SBP after exercise. These results are dependent on factors that moderate the blood pressure responses (e.g., health status, type of exercise, resting blood pressure values).
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Nitrates; Post-Exercise Recovery; Antihypertensive Agents; Exercise; Hypertension; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38403254
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.011 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Feb 2024To examine the effectiveness of explicit task (ie, equal, motor or cognitive) prioritization during dual tasking (DT) in adults with neurologic and neurocognitive... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To examine the effectiveness of explicit task (ie, equal, motor or cognitive) prioritization during dual tasking (DT) in adults with neurologic and neurocognitive disorders (stroke, Parkinson disease [PD], multiple sclerosis, dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment).
DATA SOURCE
A systematic search in 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central) yielded 1138 unique studies published up to 2023.
STUDY SELECTION
Forty-one experimental studies were selected that assessed the effect of explicit prioritization instructions on both motor and cognitive performance during dual-tasks related to standing and walking in selected populations. Primary outcome measures were walking speed and response accuracy. Availability of data allowed us to perform a meta-analysis on 27 of the 41 articles by using inverse variance with a random effects model.
DATA EXTRACTION
The data including design, subject characteristics, motor and cognitive tasks, prioritization, motor and cognitive outcomes, instructions, and key findings were extracted. Two assessors rated the selected studies for risk of bias and quality using the Quality Assessment Tools of the National Institutes of Health.
DATA SYNTHESIS
This study examined 1535 adults who were asked to perform motor-cognitive DT in standing or walking, including 381 adults with stroke, 526 with PD, 617 with multiple sclerosis, 10 with dementia, 9 with Alzheimer disease, and 8 with mild cognitive impairment. During all prioritization instructions, participants slowed down during DT (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.43; SMD=0.78; SMD=0.69, P<.03) while maintaining similar response accuracy (SMD=0.12; SMD=0.23; SMD=-.01, P>.05). However, considerable between-group heterogeneity was observed resulting in different motor and cognitive responses between pathologies.
CONCLUSION
Motor prioritization was achieved in adults with PD and stroke, unlike adults with neurocognitive disorders who were negatively affected by any type DT prioritizing. The reported within-group heterogeneity revealed that effects of explicit task prioritization are dependent on motor and cognitive task complexity, and the type of instructions. Recommendations are provided to ensure accurate use of instructions during DT paradigms.
PubMed: 38401769
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.02.714 -
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Feb 2024Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of Intellectual Disability. There is a broad phenotype that includes deficits in cognition and behavioral...
INTRODUCTION
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of Intellectual Disability. There is a broad phenotype that includes deficits in cognition and behavioral changes, alongside physical characteristics. Phenotype depends upon the level of mutation in the (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene. The molecular understanding of the impact of the gene mutation provides an opportunity to target treatment not only at symptoms but also on a molecular level.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review to provide an up-to-date narrative summary of the current evidence for pharmacological treatment in FXS. The review was restricted to randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials.
RESULTS
The outcomes from these studies are discussed and the level of evidence assessed against validated criteria. The initial search identified 2377 articles, of which 16 were included in the final analysis.
CONCLUSION
Based on this review to date there is limited data to support any specific pharmacological treatments, although the data for cannabinoids are encouraging in those with FXS and in future developments in gene therapy may provide the answer to the search for precision medicine. Treatment must be person-centered and consider the combination of medical, genetic, cognitive, and emotional challenges.
Topics: Humans; Cannabinoids; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; Fragile X Syndrome; Genetic Therapy; Mutation; Phenotype; Precision Medicine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38393835
DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2323605 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Feb 2024The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Multidomain interventions for sarcopenia and cognitive flexibility in older adults for promoting healthy aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Age-related declines in muscle mass and cognitive abilities significantly contribute to frailty and dependency. Thus, this study focuses on a meticulous analysis of the protective effects of multidomain interventions, an emerging resource combating age-related declines. It seeks to underscore their profound impact on cognitive flexibility and sarcopenia, highlighting their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of aging. To identify relevant randomized controlled trials up to November 2023, we reviewed eight online academic databases, following PERSiST guidelines, PRISMA reporting system, and PICOs criteria. Meta-analyses on selected functional outcomes utilized a random-effects model, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test, Victoria Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. Out of 2082 scrutinized articles, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 8 in the meta-analysis. Positive effects (p = 0.05, I = 57%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05) were observed in cognitive flexibility for certain interventions. Similarly, interventions addressing muscle strength demonstrated improvements in the Sit to Stand Test for the exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.02, I = 0%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physical activity as a primary component of public health interventions for promoting healthy aging and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. Future interventions may explore more homogeneous approaches and evaluate the impact of thrice multidomain weekly sessions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Healthy Aging; Postural Balance; Time and Motion Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cognition
PubMed: 38386173
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02700-2