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Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2023Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a promising tracer in oncologic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Numerous studies have... (Review)
Review
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a promising tracer in oncologic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Numerous studies have demonstrated the superior sensitivity of FAPI PET/CT over fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in several types of cancer. However, the cancer specificity of FAPI uptake remains understudied, and several cases of false-positive FAPI PET/CT findings have been reported. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published prior to April 2022 reporting nonmalignant FAPI PET/CT findings. We included original peer-reviewed articles of studies in humans using FAPI tracers radiolabeled with Ga or F that were published in English. Papers without original data and studies with insufficient information were excluded. Nonmalignant findings were presented on a per-lesion basis and grouped according to the type of organ or tissue involved. The search identified a total of 1.178 papers, of which 108 studies were eligible. Eighty studies were case reports (74%), and the remaining 28 were cohort studies (26%). A total of 2.372 FAPI-avid nonmalignant findings were reported, with the most frequent being uptake in the arteries, e.g., related to plaques (n = 1178, 49%). FAPI uptake was also frequently related to degenerative and traumatic bone and joint lesions (n = 147, 6%) or arthritis (n = 92, 4%). For organs, diffuse or focal uptake was often seen in cases of inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and IgG4-related disease (n = 157, 7%). FAPI-avid inflammatory/reactive lymph nodes (n = 121, 5%) and tuberculosis lesions (n = 51, 2%) have been reported and could prove to be potential pitfalls in cancer staging. Periodontitis (n = 76, 3%), hemorrhoids (n = 47, 2%), and scarring/wound healing (n = 35, 2%) also presented as focal uptake on FAPI PET/CT. The present review provides an overview of the reported FAPI-avid nonmalignant PET/CT findings to date. A large number of benign clinical entities may show FAPI uptake and should be kept in mind when interpreting FAPI PET/CT findings in patients with cancer.
Topics: Humans; Biological Transport; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 36813670
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.001 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2024Suicide is defined as the action of harming oneself with the intention of dying. It is estimated that worldwide, one person dies by suicide every 40 s, making it a...
Suicide is defined as the action of harming oneself with the intention of dying. It is estimated that worldwide, one person dies by suicide every 40 s, making it a major health problem. Studies in families have suggested that suicide has a genetic component, so the search for genetic variants associated with suicidal behavior could be useful as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide. In Mexico, some studies of gene variants related to neurotransmission and other important pathways have been carried out and potential association of variants located in the following genes has been suggested: , , , , , , , , , and This systematic review shows the genetic studies conducted on the Mexican population. This article contributes by compiling the existing information on genetic variants and genes associated with suicidal behavior, in the future could be used as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide.
Topics: Humans; Mexico; Suicide; Suicidal Ideation; Biomarkers; RGS Proteins; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 36772904
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2176269 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis.
METHODS
Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database.
RESULTS
Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of , , , , , and or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression.
CONCLUSION
Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
PubMed: 36654677
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001