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Applied Psychology. Health and... Nov 2023The clinically standardised mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been utilised as an intervention for improving mental health among diabetes patients The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the mental health, HbA1C, and mindfulness of diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
The clinically standardised mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been utilised as an intervention for improving mental health among diabetes patients The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the mental health, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and mindfulness of diabetes patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was employed to review randomised controlled trials published in the English language between the inception of eight databases to July 2022. Eleven articles from 10 studies, with a combined sample size of 718 participants, were included in the systematic review, and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, outcomes at post-intervention and follow-up were compared between the MBSR intervention and control groups with an adjustment of the baseline values. The results showed that MBSR demonstrated effects at post-intervention and follow-up (in a period between one to 12 months with a mean length of 4.3 months) in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, and enhancing mindfulness, with large effect sizes. However, the effect of MBSR on reducing stress was observed at follow-up, but not at post-intervention. Effects of MBSR on HbA1C were not detected at post-intervention and follow-up. The findings suggest that MBSR appears to be an effective treatment for improving mental health conditions and mindfulness in people with diabetes. The measurement of cortisol is recommended to be used as a biological measure to evaluate the effectiveness of MBSR in diabetes patients in future research.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Mental Health; Glycated Hemoglobin; Depression; Stress, Psychological; Anxiety; Diabetes Mellitus; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36855248
DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12441 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Sep 2023Dislocation is a common complication associated with total hip replacement (THR). Dual-mobility constructs (DMC-THR) may be used in high-risk patients and have design... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Dislocation is a common complication associated with total hip replacement (THR). Dual-mobility constructs (DMC-THR) may be used in high-risk patients and have design features that may reduce the risk of dislocation. We aimed to report overall pooled estimates of all-cause construct survival for elective primary DMC-THR. Secondary outcomes included unadjusted dislocation rate, revision for instability, infection and fracture.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and National Joint Registry reports were systematically searched (CRD42020189664). Studies reporting revision (all-cause) survival estimates and confidence intervals by brand and construct including DMC bearings were included. A meta-analysis was performed weighting series by the standard error.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies reporting 39 case series were identified; nine (10,494 DMC-THR) were included. Fourteen series (23,020 DMC-THR) from five national registries were included. Pooled case series data for all-cause construct survival was 99.7% (95% CI 99.5-100) at 5 years, 95.7% (95% CI 94.9-96.5) at 10 years, 96.1% (95% CI 91.8-100) at 15 years and 77% (95% CI 74.4-82.0) at 20 years. Pooled joint registry data showed an all-cause construct survivorship of 97.8% (95% CI 97.3-98.4) at 5 years and 96.3% (95% CI 95.6-96.9) at 10 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Survivorship of DMC-THR in primary THR is acceptable according to the national revision benchmark published by National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE).
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Hip Prosthesis; Routinely Collected Health Data; Survivorship; Prosthesis Failure; Prosthesis Design; Joint Dislocations; Registries; Reoperation
PubMed: 36799995
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04803-3 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Dec 2023To provide an overview of the effects of pediatric stroke on emotional and social functioning in childhood.
PURPOSE
To provide an overview of the effects of pediatric stroke on emotional and social functioning in childhood.
METHODS
A literature review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. A systematic search of studies on internalizing problems and social functioning after pediatric stroke in PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and PubMed databases was conducted from inception to November 2021. A total of 583 studies were identified, and 32 met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The review suggests that children after stroke are at risk of developing internalizing problems and a wide range of social difficulties. Internalizing problems are often associated with environmental factors such as family functioning and parents' mental health. In addition, a higher risk of developing psychosocial problems is associated with lower cognitive functioning and severe neurological impairment.
CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of psychological well-being and social functioning after pediatric stroke is helpful to provide adequate support to children and their families. Future studies are needed to better investigate these domains and to develop adequate methodologies for specific interventions.Implication for rehabilitationThis paper reviews research concerning emotional and social functioning following pediatric stroke in order to provide helpful information to clinicians and families and to improve rehabilitation pathways.Emotional and social functioning should be addressed during post-stroke evaluation and follow-up, even when physical and cognitive recovery is progressing well.Care in pediatric stroke should include volitional treatment and address emotional and social issues.
Topics: Child; Humans; Social Interaction; Social Adjustment; Emotions; Stroke
PubMed: 36384380
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2144490 -
Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon,... Oct 2023In the UK military, adjustment disorder (AjD) is reported as one of the most diagnosed mental disorders, alongside depression, in personnel presenting to mental health...
BACKGROUND
In the UK military, adjustment disorder (AjD) is reported as one of the most diagnosed mental disorders, alongside depression, in personnel presenting to mental health services. Despite this, little is understood about what may predict AjD, common treatment or outcomes for this population.
AIM
The systematic review aimed to summarise existing research for AjD in Armed Forces (AF) populations, including prevalence and risk factors, and to outline clinical and occupational outcomes.
METHOD
A literature search was conducted in December 2020 to identify research that investigated AjD within an AF population (serving or veteran) following the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Eighty-three studies were included in the review. The AjD prevalence estimates in AF populations with a mental disorder was considerably higher for serving AF personnel (34.9%) compared to veterans (12.8%). Childhood adversities were identified as a risk factor for AjD. AjD was found to increase the risk of suicidal ideation, with one study reporting a risk ratio of 4.70 (95% Confidence Interval: 3.50-6.20). Talking therapies were the most common treatment for AjD, however none reported on treatment effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
This review found that AjD was commonly reported across international AF. Despite heterogeneity in the results, the review identifies several literature gaps.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adjustment Disorders; Military Personnel; Veterans; Mental Health Services; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 36330797
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2140792 -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Feb 2024A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if children born with cleft lip and/or palate are at increased risk of psychological and peer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if children born with cleft lip and/or palate are at increased risk of psychological and peer difficulties, and if so, which difficulties they develop.
METHODS
EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for English language studies published between January 2005 and January 2022 which investigated the psychological outcomes and peer function of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Outcomes included internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, externalizing problems, such as hyperactivity, conduct disorders, self-concept including self-image and self-esteem, peer problems, resilience, coping, and overall psychological function. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects models were used in the meta-analysis to compare the outcomes for children born with a cleft and those without.
RESULTS
In total 41 studies met inclusion criteria, with 9 included in the meta-analysis. Children born with a cleft appear to have similar psychological outcomes compared to normative controls when using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. There are some minor differences between self-report and parent report, with parents generally reporting that their child with a cleft has increased emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity problems. The small differences between the study cohort and control cohorts are unlikely to imply any differences on a clinical level.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall psychological outcomes appear to be similar between children born with a cleft and the nonaffected population, however, some symptoms such as anxiety and depression appear higher in children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Emotions; Anxiety
PubMed: 36082954
DOI: 10.1177/10556656221125377 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Oct 2023Childhood maltreatment and neglect are associated with a host of negative outcomes. Yet, some children show resilience despite their exposure to these traumatic events....
Childhood maltreatment and neglect are associated with a host of negative outcomes. Yet, some children show resilience despite their exposure to these traumatic events. Several protective factors have been documented in the literature, but few studies focus on protective factors in the child's community that can promote resilience. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive portrait of the impact of community protective factors on the resilience of abused and neglected children. The databases PsycNet and PubMed were used to screen the literature relying on the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in English or in French; (2) report empirical and quantitative data; (3) include a minimum sample size of 30 participants; (4) rely on a sample of maltreated children or adolescents under the age of 24; (5) examine the associations between community protective factors and indicators of psychological adaptation; and (6) include outcome measures that assessed either positive adaptation or the absence of symptomatology in participants. Of the 9,553 articles identified, 44 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Although many protective factors show significant results, several methodological limitations remain to be examined to affirm that these community variables have a significant impact on the level of resilience of maltreated children. Since child maltreatment is a systemic issue, it remains important to fully understand how community protective factors operate on the resilience of these children as it can greatly inform practitioners and community institutions on how to intervene with populations at risk of maltreatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Protective Factors; Child Abuse; Emotional Adjustment
PubMed: 36047717
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221117234 -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Apr 2024To elucidate existing decision aids (DAs) in supporting cancer survivors' decisions to engage in cancer survivorship care services after primary treatment. Secondary... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To elucidate existing decision aids (DAs) in supporting cancer survivors' decisions to engage in cancer survivorship care services after primary treatment. Secondary objectives are to assess the DA acceptability, impact of DAs, and implementation barriers.
METHODS
Databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL) were searched to collect publications from inception through September 2021. Studies describing the development or evaluation of DAs used for survivorship care services after primary cancer treatment were included. Article selection and critical appraisal were conducted independently by two authors.
RESULTS
We included 16 studies that described 13 DAs and addressed multiple survivorship care domains: prevention of recurrence/new cancers in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors and breast cancer gene mutation carriers, family building options, health insurance plans, health promotion (substance use behavior, cardiovascular disease risk reduction), advanced care planning, and post-treatment follow-up intensity. The electronic format was used to design most DAs for self-administration. The content presentation covered decisional context, options, and value clarification exercises. DAs were acceptable and associated with higher knowledge but presented inconclusive decisional outcomes. Implementation barriers included lack of design features for connectivity to care, low self-efficacy, and low perceived DA usefulness among healthcare professionals. Other survivor characteristics included age, literacy, preferred timing, and setting.
CONCLUSIONS
A diverse range of DAs exists in survivorship care services engagement with favorable knowledge outcomes. Future work should clarify the impact of DAs on decisional outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
DA characterization and suggestions for prospective developers could enhance support for cancer survivors encountering complex decisions throughout the survivorship continuum.
Topics: Humans; Survivorship; Cancer Survivors; Prospective Studies; Survivors; Neoplasms; Decision Support Techniques
PubMed: 35798994
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01230-y -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Sep 2023A core challenge in working with first responders worldwide (e.g., firefighters, emergency service personnel, police officers) is identifying theoretically and...
OBJECTIVE
A core challenge in working with first responders worldwide (e.g., firefighters, emergency service personnel, police officers) is identifying theoretically and empirically based individual-level factors that are associated with adjustment and that can be translated to interventions. The transactional model of stress and coping provides an excellent framework to guide interventions with first responders, yet no review to date has explicitly and comprehensively focused on coping responses in this population.
METHOD
The current study systematically evaluated global evidence linking primary appraisals and coping efforts to mental health and behavioral risk-taking in first responders, with an eye toward their application to interventions.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies from eight countries met review criteria and were summarized. Studies of coping efforts predominated; only two studies assessed primary appraisals. Overall, disengaged coping efforts, relative to engaged coping, were more often associated with adjustment. Further, for engaged coping, associations with adjustment largely were present for cognitive, versus behavioral, strategies; for disengaged coping, cognitive and behavioral strategies were associated equally with poorer adjustment. Two thirds of the studies assessed posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Given the nature of PTS, use of disengaged strategies may particularly exacerbate these symptoms relative to other adjustment outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Additional research focused on both primary appraisals and coping efforts and that employs longitudinal designs would expand our understanding of the role of coping processes in first responders' adjustment to duty-related stress. Further, these data suggest that interventions targeting individuals (vs. systems or environments) should focus on replacing cognitive and behavioral disengaged coping strategies with engaged strategies that are cognitive in nature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Adaptation, Psychological; Emergency Responders; Occupational Stress; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35653742
DOI: 10.1037/tra0001258 -
Psychology & Health 2024People affected by chronic skin conditions suffer from elevated levels of psychological distress. There is a need for evidence-based treatments that integrate medical...
OBJECTIVE
People affected by chronic skin conditions suffer from elevated levels of psychological distress. There is a need for evidence-based treatments that integrate medical care. Mindfulness and Self-compassion programs (MCBPs) have proven effective in chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to narratively synthesize the literature on mindfulness and self-compassion as traits and interventions in chronic skin conditions.
DESIGN
We searched four electronic databases for mindfulness and self-compassion trials and correlational studies in chronic skin conditions. We narratively synthetized results regarding the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion, both as traits and as interventions, on psychological and disease outcomes.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in our review. Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggest that mindfulness and self-compassion are linked to lower psychological distress and better adjustment to the disease. MCBPs appear feasible for this population and can lower psychological distress, reduce disease severity and improve quality of life. Methodological issues limit conclusions on MCBP efficacy. Based on our analysis, we propose possible mechanisms that future research could explore.
CONCLUSIONS
The integration of MCBPs in the care process of chronic skin conditions appears promising. Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to a lack of strong evidence. Further studies with high methodological standards are needed.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Self-Compassion; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Empathy
PubMed: 35522563
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2070619