-
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV, requiring adaptations in the way health services are provided. However, it is... (Review)
Review
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum and related factors in economically disadvantaged nations: an integrated analysis using mixed-methods systematic review.
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV, requiring adaptations in the way health services are provided. However, it is unclear how these changes impacted HIV care in low-income countries.
METHODS
A systematic review including the current evidence related to changes in HIV care continuum during COVID-19 was conducted through a systematic search in the online databases including CINAHL, OVID-Medline, CAB Direct, and OVID-Embase. A two-step screening process was carried out to include eligible papers and reports according to inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
From the searches we identified 21 total studies published between 2021 and 2024, the studies revealed mostly negative impacts on all stages of the HIV care continuum in low-income countries. There were impacts related to the blocking measures due to COVID-19, fear of contracting the disease, difficulties in providing resources such as income, food and transports, reductions in the provision of care from prevention to viral suppression.
CONCLUSION
Overall, researchers identified several negative impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on HIV care continuum during pandemic; however, some observations indicated indirect positive impacts on some aspects of HIV care. Decline in HIV care practices during pandemic compared to before pandemic were observed including using preventative methods, counseling and testing, receiving HIV healthcare services, HIV medical appointments, antiretroviral adherence, engagement with treatment, and poor viral suppression. However, in some evidence improvement in ART adherence and PrEP use were observed.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Continuity of Patient Care; Developing Countries; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38926792
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01917-1 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2024To conduct a meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of doping intention, doping use and inadvertent doping in sport and exercise settings.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of doping intention, doping use and inadvertent doping in sport and exercise settings.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Scopus, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL Plus, ProQuest Dissertations/Theses and Open Grey.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies (of any design) that measured the outcome variables of doping intention, doping use and/or inadvertent doping at least one psychosocial determinant of those three variables.
RESULTS
We included studies from 25 experiments (N=13 586) and 186 observational samples (N=3 09 130). Experimental groups reported lower doping intentions (=-0.21, 95% CI (-0.31 to -0.12)) and doping use (=-0.08, 95% CI (-0.14 to -0.03), but not inadvertent doping (=-0.70, 95% CI (-1.95 to 0.55)), relative to comparators. For observational studies, protective factors were inversely associated with doping intentions (=-0.28, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.24), doping use (=-0.09, 95% CI -0.13 to to -0.05) and inadvertent doping (=-0.19, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.06). Risk factors were positively associated with doping intentions (=0.29, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.32) and use (=0.17, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.19), but not inadvertent doping (=0.08, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.22). Risk factors for both doping intentions and use included prodoping norms and attitudes, supplement use, body dissatisfaction and ill-being. Protective factors for both doping intentions and use included self-efficacy and positive morality.
CONCLUSION
This study identified several protective and risk factors for doping intention and use that may be viable intervention targets for antidoping programmes. Protective factors were negatively associated with inadvertent doping; however, the empirical volume is limited to draw firm conclusions.
PubMed: 38925889
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107910 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Jun 2024
PubMed: 38923697
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17350 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jun 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Many factors are involved in the development of PCOS, among which... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Many factors are involved in the development of PCOS, among which genetic predisposition is probably the main contributor that is also influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of PCOS in different continents based on Rotterdam, AES and NIH diagnostic criteria.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women according to (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched until February 2021 for relevant articles. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I index. Begg and Mazumdar's test was used to evaluate publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 35 studies with 12,365,646 subjects were retrieved. The mean age ranged from 10-45 years. Global prevalence of PCOS was 9.2% (95% CI: 6.8-12.5%) based on meta-analysis, our results showed that the global prevalence of PCOS was 5.5% (95% CI: 3.9-7.7%) based on NIH criteria, 11.5 (95% CI: 6.6-19.4) based on Rotterdam criteria, and 7.1% (95% CI: 2.3-20.2%) based on AES criteria. According to self-report subgroup analysis, the prevalence of PCOS was found to be 11% (95% CI: 5.2-21.8%).
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the present study, the prevalence of PCOS in the world was 9.2% (95% CI: 6.8-12.5%). According to the results of the present study and the high prevalence of PCOS, especially in the Africa continent, it is necessary for health systems to implement measures to timely prevent and treat this syndrome.
PubMed: 38922413
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07607-x -
Journal of Functional Morphology and... Jun 2024This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four... (Review)
Review
This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four medical electronic databases (Medline, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS) was conducted between January and March 2023. The research question was defined using the PICO model: Population (P): adult subjects with signs of physiological aging of facial skin. Intervention (I): aesthetic speech therapy (facial exercises and/or myofunctional therapy). Control (C): absence of treatment. Outcome (O): facial rejuvenation. Through the search process, a total of 472 potentially relevant articles were identified. A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies required the participants to perform exercises learned during the weekly session on a daily basis. The subjects underwent an integrated treatment with facial exercises and worked on the stomatognathic functions for different durations. Many differences were found in the evaluation tools used to investigate the starting situation and the effects obtained following the treatment. At the diagnostic level, there was no concordance in the choice of the most appropriate scales and assessment tools, but great heterogeneity was observed. Indeed, forty-eight percent of the studies collected objective data through the use of various instruments (oral devices, electromyographs, cutometers, muscle ultrasound scans, and laser scans of the face). The observed improvements included not only a reduction in wrinkles and frown lines but also decreased muscle tension and slackness, enhanced facial symmetry and lip competence, improved skin elasticity, and restored stomatognathic function. These changes led to myofunctional restoration and facial rejuvenation, resulting in increased satisfaction with self-image and proprioception.
PubMed: 38921635
DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020099 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024(1) Background: While medication and various forms of psychotherapy are common treatments for severe mental illness, peer support programs have also proven to be... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: While medication and various forms of psychotherapy are common treatments for severe mental illness, peer support programs have also proven to be effective in managing mental disorders. These programs, which involve individuals with similar experiences in navigating mental health challenges, aim to improve coping skills and foster supportive community networks. However, despite the prevalent mention of peer support programs, especially those with supervision, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of peer support supervision. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the forms and effectiveness of peer support programs for individuals with severe mental illnesses. (2) Methods: A literature search focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between February 2003 and January 2024 was conducted. (3) Results: Sixteen RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria and involving a total of 4008 participants were reviewed. These studies utilized various peer support program strategies, with eight studies included in the qualitative analysis. The combined effect sizes for depressive symptoms (d = 0.12; 95% CI, -0.14, 0.37; = 0.37), empowerment (d = 1.17; 95% CI, -0.81, 3.15; = 0.25), quality of life (d = 0.70; 95% CI, -0.12, 1.52; = 0.09), psychiatric symptoms (d = -0.05; 95% CI, -0.20, 0.10; = 0.54), and self-efficacy (d = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.36; = 0.01) were assessed. (4) Conclusions: Our analysis emphasizes the need for further studies on peer support programs for individuals with severe mental illness, particularly those focused on self-efficacy outcomes across diverse geographic locations involving more countries and with larger scales to bolster the strength of the evidence.
PubMed: 38921293
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121179 -
Infectious Disease Reports Jun 2024Pandemic management and preparedness are more needed than ever before and there is widespread governmental interest in learning from the COVID-19 pandemic in order to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pandemic management and preparedness are more needed than ever before and there is widespread governmental interest in learning from the COVID-19 pandemic in order to ensure the availability of evidence-based Infection Prevention and Control measures. Contact tracing is integral to Infection Prevention and Control, facilitating breaks in the chain of transmission in a targeted way, identifying individuals who have come into contact with an infected person, and providing them with instruction/advice relating to testing, medical advice and/or self-isolation.
AIM
This study aims to improve our understanding of the use of contact tracing technologies in healthcare settings. This research seeks to contribute to the field of Infection Prevention and Control by investigating how these technologies can mitigate the spread of nosocomial infections. Ultimately, this study aims to improve the quality and safety of healthcare delivery.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted, and journal articles investigating the use of contact tracing technologies in healthcare settings were retrieved from databases held on the OvidSP platform between March and September 2022, with no date for a lower limit.
RESULTS
In total, 277 studies were retrieved and screened, and 14 studies were finally included in the systematic literature review. Most studies investigated proximity sensing technologies, reporting promising results. However, studies were limited by small sample sizes and confounding factors, revealing contact tracing technologies remain at a nascent stage. Investment in research and development of new testing technologies is necessary to strengthen national and international contact tracing capabilities.
CONCLUSION
This review aims to contribute to those who intend to create robust surveillance systems and implement infectious disease reporting protocols.
PubMed: 38920895
DOI: 10.3390/idr16030039 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Psychotherapy for individuals with psychosis is an effective treatment that promotes recovery in various ways. While there is strong quantitative evidence across... (Review)
Review
Psychotherapy for individuals with psychosis is an effective treatment that promotes recovery in various ways. While there is strong quantitative evidence across modalities, less is known from the patient's perspective. There are many varied forms of psychotherapy, and gaining the patient's perspective can improve understanding of salient elements of psychotherapy and increase engagement, ultimately improving recovery rates. The purpose of this review is to identify and integrate data from published studies of patient perspectives of psychotherapy for psychosis to understand essential elements across approaches, differences between approaches, and how psychotherapy impacts recovery. We aimed to understand further: what are the perceptions about individual psychotherapy from the perspective of individuals with psychosis? The current study was a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines of studies that included qualitative interviews with persons with experiences of psychosis who participated in psychotherapy. All three authors participated in the literature search using Pubmed, APA PsycInfo, and Psychiatry Online. We identified = 33 studies. Studies included cognitive therapies, acceptance and mindfulness approaches, trauma therapies, metacognitive therapy, and music therapy. All studies reported participants' perceived benefit with the therapeutic relationship as especially salient. Participants described diverse aspects of objective (e.g., symptoms, functioning) and subjective (e.g., self-experience or quality of life) recovery improvements, with perceived mechanisms of change, and with music therapy having some unique benefits. Participants also reported challenges and suggestions for improvement. Study findings highlight the salient aspects of psychotherapy identified by patients that may help therapists to individualize and improve approaches to psychotherapy when working with individuals experiencing psychosis. Overall, findings support the potential for integrative psychotherapy approaches for maximal treatment personalization.
PubMed: 38920792
DOI: 10.3390/bs14060460 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Adolescence is recognised as a notoriously vulnerable period in the human life cycle. Influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is recognised as a notoriously vulnerable period in the human life cycle. Influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, adolescents show a marked propensity to engage in risk behaviours. A systematic review was conducted of studies published in the Web of Science, PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases over the last decade, with the aim of collecting studies on the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviour in individuals aged 12-18 years. The aim was to confirm the role of high self-esteem as a consistent protective factor against risk behaviour. The results show that self-esteem is negatively related to risk behaviour. Our results also reflect the need for further research on how sociodemographic factors, among others, affect the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviours. This review highlights the relevance of implementing specific educational interventions to strengthen self-esteem in adolescents, with the aim of preventing various risk behaviours that may emerge during adolescence and persist throughout life if not addressed early.
PubMed: 38920764
DOI: 10.3390/bs14060432 -
Health Promotion International Jun 2024The characteristics of health literate organizations have been variously described in recognition that it is important for organizations to respond to the diversity of...
The characteristics of health literate organizations have been variously described in recognition that it is important for organizations to respond to the diversity of people's health literacy strengths and challenges. A systematic scoping review was conducted to identify, assess and classify international self-assessment tools aimed at measuring the capability of organizations to embody health literate characteristics. Following the JBI Scoping Manual, a search was conducted in six databases and identified 2693 articles. After screening, 16 studies published between 2007 and 2023 across eight countries were eligible for inclusion. Results were summarized and a finite list of items from existing tools was generated. Content analysis was performed to classify these items. Whilst most assessment tools in the included studies were healthcare-focused, other settings included schools and government departments. The 16 assessment tools included a total of 661 items, and 647 items were retained that met the definition of health literacy responsiveness. Items were classified into six domains (communication; navigation of resources; culture; policies and practice; involvement or engagement and workforce development), with high agreement between two researchers (91.5%). The 647 items were reviewed to exclude items that were too contextually specific, focused solely on service users, were too broad or had suitable alternatives; 210 items were finally retained. This research is two-fold: provides a synthesis of existing organizational health literacy responsiveness assessment tools across settings; and provides a list of items, which will be essential to developing context specific assessment tools through Delphi methods in the future.
Topics: Health Literacy; Humans; Communication; Organizational Culture
PubMed: 38920272
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae064