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International Journal of Nursing Studies May 2024Although the health benefits of exercise for older adults are widely recognized, physical inactivity is still common among older adults. Further clarification of the...
Barriers and facilitators to exercise adherence in community-dwelling older adults: A mixed-methods systematic review using the COM-B model and Theoretical Domains Framework.
BACKGROUND
Although the health benefits of exercise for older adults are widely recognized, physical inactivity is still common among older adults. Further clarification of the factors affecting exercise adherence is needed to develop more effective exercise interventions in community-dwelling older adults.
OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to identify (1) barriers and facilitators of exercise adherence in community-dwelling older adults and (2) behavior change techniques (BCTs) and implementation strategies that are potentially effective in improving adherence.
METHODS
A total of eight databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and Scopus. Studies published from database inception to April 2023 were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, Behavior (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) were used to identify potential barriers and facilitators. The BCTs were used to identify potential intervention implementation strategies.
RESULTS
A total of 64 studies were included, including 30 qualitative studies, 12 randomized controlled trials, 12 mixed methods studies, 6 quantitative descriptive studies, and 5 non-randomized trials. 54 factors influencing adherence and 38 potentially effective BCTs were identified from the included studies. The 38 BCTs were further categorized into 8 areas of implementation strategies (tailored exercise program, appropriate exercise environment, multidimensional social support, monitoring and feedback, managing emotional experiences and issues, participants education, enhancing self-efficacy, and exerting participants' autonomy).
CONCLUSION
This study identified 54 influential factors affecting exercise adherence and identified 8 areas of intervention strategies (containing 38 BCTs). Further refinement, evaluation, and validation of these factors and strategies are needed in future studies.
PubMed: 38823146
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104808 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth May 2024Contraceptive use is the principal method by which women avoid unintended pregnancy. An unintended pregnancy can induce long-term distress related to the medical,...
BACKGROUND
Contraceptive use is the principal method by which women avoid unintended pregnancy. An unintended pregnancy can induce long-term distress related to the medical, emotional, and social consequences of carrying that pregnancy to term.
OBJECTIVES
This review investigates the effects of modern contraception techniques such as birth control pills, long-acting reversible contraceptives (e.g., intrauterine devices, implants), and condoms on mental health status.
METHODS
We searched multiple databases from inception until February 2022, with no geographical boundaries. RCTs underwent a quality assessment using the GRADE approach while the quality of observational studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scoring system. Data were analyzed through meta-analysis and relative risk and mean difference were calculated and forest plots were created for each outcome when two or more data points were eligible for analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
The total number of included studies was 43. In women without previous mental disorders, both RCTs (3 studies, SMD 0.18, 95% CI [0.02, 0.34], high quality of evidence) and cohort studies (RR 1.04 95% CI [1.03, 1.04]) detected a slight increase in the risk of depression development. In women with previous mental disorders, both RCTs (9 studies, SMD - 0.15, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.00], high quality of evidence) and cohort studies (SMD - 0.26, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.15]) detected slight protective effects of depression development. It was also noticed that HC demonstrated protective effects for anxiety in both groups (SMD - 0.20, 95% CI [-0.40, -0.01]).
CONCLUSIONS
Among women with pre-existing mental disorders who use hormonal contraceptives, we reported protective association with decreased depressive symptoms. However, the study also draws attention to some potential negative effects, including an increase in the risk of depression and antidepressant use among contraceptive users, a risk that is higher among women who use the hormonal IUD, implant, or patch/ring methods. Providers should select contraceptive methods taking individual aspects into account to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mental Health; Contraception; Pregnancy; Depression; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Adult; Contraception Behavior; Mental Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 38816797
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06587-9 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... May 2024To identify and synthesise interactive digital tools used to support the empowerment of people with cancer and the outcomes of these tools. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To identify and synthesise interactive digital tools used to support the empowerment of people with cancer and the outcomes of these tools.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, Eric, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases in May 2023. Inclusion criteria were patient empowerment as an outcome supported by interactive digital tools expressed in study goal, methods or results, peer-reviewed studies published since 2010 in cancer care. Narrative synthesis was applied, and the quality of the studies was assessed following Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.
RESULTS
Out of 1571 records screened, 39 studies published in 2011-2022 with RCT (17), single-arm trial (15), quasi-experimental (1), and qualitative designs (6) were included. A total of 30 interactive digital tools were identified to support empowerment (4) and related aspects, such as self-management (2), coping (4), patient activation (9), and self-efficacy (19). Significant positive effects were found on empowerment (1), self-management (1), coping (1), patient activation (2), and self-efficacy (10). Patient experiences were positive. Interactivity occurred with the tool itself (22), peers (7), or nurses (7), physicians (2), psychologists, (2) or social workers (1).
CONCLUSION
Interactive digital tools have been developed extensively in recent years, varying in terms of content and methodology, favouring feasibility and pilot designs. In all of the tools, people with cancer are either active or recipients of information. The research evidence indicates positive outcomes for patient empowerment through interactive digital tools. Thus, even though promising, there still is need for further testing of the tools.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Empowerment; Self Efficacy; Adaptation, Psychological; Patient Participation; Self-Management
PubMed: 38816629
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08545-9 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology May 2024Oxytocin administration has demonstrated considerable promise for providing individualized support for autistic people. However, studies evaluating the effects of...
Oxytocin administration has demonstrated considerable promise for providing individualized support for autistic people. However, studies evaluating the effects of oxytocin administration on autistic characteristics have yielded inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effect of oxytocin administration on social and routinized behaviors in autism using recently developed methods to accurately assess the potential impact of effect size dependency and publication bias. Our frequentist meta-analysis yielded a significant summary effect size estimate for the impact of oxytocin administration on social outcomes in autism (d = 0.22, p < 0.001). The summary effect size estimate for routinized behavior outcomes was not statistically significant (d = 0.14, p = 0.22), with a follow up test indicating that the effect size estimate was not either statistically equivalent (Z = -1.06, p = 0.2), assuming a smallest effect size of interest of 0.25. Frequentist and Bayesian assessments for publication bias, as well as results from Robust Bayesian meta-analysis of oxytocin effects on social outcomes in autism, indicated that summary effect sizes might be inflated due to publication bias. Future studies should aim to reduce bias by preregistering analysis plans and to increase precision with larger sample sizes.
PubMed: 38815399
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107067 -
Dialogues in Health Jun 2024During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a plethora of dynamical forecasting models created, but their ability to effectively describe future trajectories of disease was...
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a plethora of dynamical forecasting models created, but their ability to effectively describe future trajectories of disease was mixed. A major challenge in evaluating future case trends was forecasting the behavior of individuals. When behavior was incorporated into models, it was primarily incorporated exogenously (e.g., fitting to cellphone mobility data). Fewer models incorporated behavior endogenously (e.g., dynamically changing a model parameter throughout the simulation).
METHODS
This review aimed to qualitatively characterize models that included an adaptive (endogenous) behavioral element in the context of COVID-19 transmission. We categorized studies into three approaches: 1) feedback loops, 2) game theory/utility theory, and 3) information/opinion spread.
FINDINGS
Of the 92 included studies, 72% employed a feedback loop, 27% used game/utility theory, and 9% used a model if information/opinion spread. Among all studies, 89% used a compartmental model alone or in combination with other model types. Similarly, 15% used a network model, 11% used an agent-based model, 7% used a system dynamics model, and 1% used a Markov chain model. Descriptors of behavior change included mask-wearing, social distancing, vaccination, and others. Sixty-eight percent of studies calibrated their model to observed data and 25% compared simulated forecasts to observed data. Forty-one percent of studies compared versions of their model with and without endogenous behavior. Models with endogenous behavior tended to show a smaller and delayed initial peak with subsequent periodic waves.
INTERPRETATION
While many COVID-19 models incorporated behavior exogenously, these approaches may fail to capture future adaptations in human behavior, resulting in under- or overestimates of disease burden. By incorporating behavior endogenously, the next generation of infectious disease models could more effectively predict outcomes so that decision makers can better prepare for and respond to epidemics.
FUNDING
This study was funded in-part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1U01CK000536), the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant (2229996), and the NSF grant (2200256).
PubMed: 38813579
DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100179 -
Frontiers in Sociology 2024In February 2016, Facebook expanded the original "Like" button by introducing five additional "Reactions"-Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry-using modified versions of...
In February 2016, Facebook expanded the original "Like" button by introducing five additional "Reactions"-Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry-using modified versions of Unicode emojis. These reactions enable users to express more nuanced emotions towards posts. This literature review investigates scholarly research on user behavior in response to these reactions, with a focus on a broad spectrum of socioeconomic and psychological issues. We conducted a systematic search across databases including Scopus and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Facebook" and "Reaction," combined with various key phrases and Boolean operators. Our review synthesizes sixty-four articles published from 2016 to 2023, exploring diverse topics such as political news, far-right and extremist parties, racism, and hate speech during the COVID-19 pandemic. We organized these articles by theme and publication date. Our meta-analysis reveals that lifestyle and entertainment posts predominantly receive positive reactions, while sociopolitical content tends to elicit a broader spectrum of emotions, including negative sentiments. Furthermore, emotionally charged content consistently attracts higher volumes of reactions, regardless of sentiment. This research highlights the intricate relationship between user reactions and content characteristics, providing deeper insights into the dynamics of online engagement. By understanding these interaction patterns, we gain a better grasp of emotional responses and engagement levels, which ultimately shape online discourse and user interactions.
PubMed: 38813399
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1379265 -
HERD May 2024This study utilized the evidence-gap map method and critically examined the scope, methodologies, and focus of the studies that investigated the influence of the built... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study utilized the evidence-gap map method and critically examined the scope, methodologies, and focus of the studies that investigated the influence of the built environment on inpatient healthcare settings over a decade (2010-2021).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and surveyed 406 articles, primarily from North America and Europe.
RESULTS
Our findings revealed a dominant focus on architectural features (73%), such as room design and ward layout. Comparatively, there was less emphasis on interior-, ambient-, social-, and nature-related features. Most previous studies explored multiple environmental features, which indicated the intricacy of this field. Research outcomes were diverse, with person-centered care (PCC) being the most frequently investigated, followed by safe care, emotional well-being, activity, and behavior. Furthermore, research methods varied considerably based on the study's outcomes and features. Clinical outcomes and safe care favored quantitative methods, activity and behavior favored mixed methods, and PCC favored qualitative research.
CONCLUSION
This review provides an in-depth overview of the existing studies on healthcare design research and sheds light on the current trends and methodological choices. The insights garnered can guide future research, policy-making, and the development of healthcare facilities.
PubMed: 38807411
DOI: 10.1177/19375867241251830 -
BMC Psychology May 2024This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship...
PURPOSE
This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship between these factors. Additionally, it aims to propose a logical framework for enhancing postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions in this population.
METHODS
Following the development of a search strategy, two databases, PubMed and Science Direct, were searched for studies published between January 2019 and May 2023. The search was conducted throughout the entire month of May 2023. The risk of bias in the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, which was adapted for this specific study design. To determine if the main objective of the cross-sectional studies was to investigate the relationship between social support and postpartum psychosocial conditions, a review was conducted based on the AMSTAR checklist, PRISMA checklist and PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was performed with the consensus of two authors, and a narrative synthesis approach was chosen for data synthesis, following the guidelines provided by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD).
RESULTS
Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. Our findings revealed that all reviewed studies provided evidence of a positive association between social support and healthy psychosocial conditions in postpartum period. However, due to the absence of standardized measurement indicators to identify and compare the outcomes of various studies, there was a need to develop a conceptual framework that could enhance our understanding of the postpartum psychosocial condition including anxiety, depression, unfavorable quality of life and social support status up to 24 month after child birth. This framework aimed to incorporate childbirth and motherhood as "stressful events," while considering social support as a crucial "coping resource." Furthermore, it acknowledged empowerment, help-seeking behavior, and peer support as important "coping actions," alongside implementing client-centered interventions. Lastly, it recognized postpartum mental health and optimal quality of life as significant "effects" of these factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed conceptual framework could define postpartum women's health as "the ability to adapt and self-manage."
Topics: Humans; Social Support; Female; Postpartum Period; Adaptation, Psychological; Depression, Postpartum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pregnancy
PubMed: 38807228
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01814-6 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Aug 2024The aim of this work was to systematically scope the evidence on opportunistic tobacco smoking cessation interventions for people accessing financial support settings. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this work was to systematically scope the evidence on opportunistic tobacco smoking cessation interventions for people accessing financial support settings.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register to 21 March 2023. We duplicate screened 20% of titles/abstracts and all full texts. We included primary studies investigating smoking cessation interventions delivered opportunistically to people who smoked tobacco, within settings offering support for problems caused by financial hardship, for example homeless support services, social housing and food banks. Data were charted by one reviewer, checked by another and narratively synthesized.
RESULTS
We included 25 studies conducted in a range of financial support settings using qualitative (e.g. interviews and focus groups) and quantitative (e.g. randomized controlled trials, surveys and single arm intervention studies) methodologies. Evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of opportunistic smoking cessation advice was investigated among both clients and providers. Approximately 90% of service providers supported such interventions; however, lack of resources, staff training and a belief that tobacco smoking reduced illicit substance use were perceived barriers. Clients welcomed being asked about smoking and offered assistance to quit and expressed interest in interventions including the provision of nicotine replacement therapy, e-cigarettes and incentives to quit smoking. Six studies investigated the comparative effectiveness of opportunistic smoking cessation interventions on quitting success, with five comparing more to less intensive interventions, with mixed results.
CONCLUSIONS
Most studies investigating opportunistic smoking cessation interventions in financial support settings have not measured their effectiveness. Where they have, settings, populations, interventions and findings have varied. There is more evidence investigating acceptability, with promising results.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Financial Support; Ill-Housed Persons
PubMed: 38802984
DOI: 10.1111/add.16533 -
Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna,... May 2024Interactions with others need social adjustment (i.e., the constant accommodation to changing social situations). Mixed evidence indicates positive as well as negative... (Review)
Review
Interactions with others need social adjustment (i.e., the constant accommodation to changing social situations). Mixed evidence indicates positive as well as negative changes in social adjustment after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD). To date, however, no meta-analysis of these changes exists. Thus, the study aim was to review evidence of the effects of STN-DBS on social adjustment in PwPD. For this purpose, a systematic literature search in MEDLINE was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The MINORS tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The initial literature search identified 13,124 articles, of which 1,550 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Eight studies were finally included; for seven articles sufficient data for a meta-analysis was available. Most studies found mild impairment in social adjustment impairment pre-surgery. The meta-analysis revealed no significant changes but a statistical trend towards improvement in social adjustment up to six months (SMD = 0.25; 95%CI=-0.03,0.53; P = 0.08) and over 12 months (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI=-0.03,0.55; P = 0.07) post-surgery. Methodological quality was moderate in 87.5% of the studies and good in 12.5%. While mild impairment in social adjustment pre-surgery was reported in most studies, the data indicate that STN-DBS might yield beneficial effects toward this outcome. However, not enough data yet exists to draw firm conclusions. As a crucial skill for everyday functioning, social adjustment should be more often defined as an outcome in STN-DBS trials in PwPD and should be considered in clinical routines.
PubMed: 38795178
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02787-x