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The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Mar 2024Evaluate available evidence of physical and/or chemical compatibility of commonly used medications in critically ill patients with balanced crystalloids. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate available evidence of physical and/or chemical compatibility of commonly used medications in critically ill patients with balanced crystalloids.
DATA SOURCES
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried from inception to September 2022.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. English-language studies reporting physical and/or chemical compatibility data between 50 selected medications and balanced crystalloids were included. A previously designed tool to assess risk of bias was adapted for use.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Twenty-nine studies encompassing 39 (78%) medications and 188 unique combinations with balanced crystalloids were included. Combinations included 35 (70%) medications with lactated Ringer's, 26 (52%) medications with Plasma-Lyte, 10 (20%) medications with Normosol, and one (2%) medication with Isolyte. Studies commonly evaluated physical and chemical compatibility (55.2%). More medications were evaluated via Y-site than admixture. Incompatibilities were identified in 18% of combinations comprising 13 individual drugs.
RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
This systematic review evaluates the compatibility of select critical care medications with balanced crystalloid solutions. Results may be used as a tool to guide clinicians on balanced crystalloid compatibility, potentially increasing ubiquitous use and reducing patient exposure to normal saline.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
Data are limited regarding chemical/physical compatibility of commonly used medications in critically ill patients with balanced crystalloids. Additional compatibility studies are warranted, particularly methodologically rigorous studies assessing Plasma-Lyte, Normosol, and Isolyte. Of the evaluated medications, there was a low frequency of incompatibilities with balanced crystalloids.
Topics: Humans; Fluid Therapy; Critical Illness; Crystalloid Solutions; Magnesium Chloride; Electrolytes; Gluconates; Sodium Acetate; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 37340978
DOI: 10.1177/10600280231179999 -
International Orthodontics Sep 2023Tooth bleaching was reported to decrease bond strength of orthodontic brackets. The antioxidant application was investigated to reverse the bleaching effect for... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Tooth bleaching was reported to decrease bond strength of orthodontic brackets. The antioxidant application was investigated to reverse the bleaching effect for immediate bracket bonding. This scoping review of in vitro studies is to assess systematically the effect of antioxidant application on shear bond strength (SBS) before orthodontic bracket bonding after tooth bleaching.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review was provided according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. An electronic literature search was performed for full-text articles in English via Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 2012 to May 9, 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 549 records were retrieved from the electronic search, and 361 after discarding duplicates. According to eligibility criteria, 23 records were included in this study.
CONCLUSION
Included studies revealed that antioxidants could increase the SBS of brackets after bleaching. However, there was controversiality whether SBS was just improved or restored to the unbleached level according to various factors, including the antioxidant type, concentration, application time, and form. Most studies reported that 10% sodium ascorbate (SA), ascorbic acid, green tea (GT), and tocopherol solutions restored SBS of metal brackets but not ceramic brackets. The result of 10% SA and GT gel was controversial. Lower concentrations than 10% was effective with pink bark, grape seed, quercetin flavonoid, and chamomile to restore SBS. The included studies revealed that retinol acetate, gooseberry, and dimethyl sulfoxide did not restore SBS.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Tooth Bleaching; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Bonding; Ascorbic Acid; Shear Strength
PubMed: 37257393
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100777