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Animal Genetics Jun 2024Transgenic (Tg) animal technology is one of the growing areas in biology. Various Tg technologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Transgenic (Tg) animal technology is one of the growing areas in biology. Various Tg technologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available for generating Tg animals. These include zygote microinjection, electroporation, viral infection, embryonic stem cell or spermatogonial stem cell-mediated production of Tg animals, sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT), and testis-mediated gene transfer (TMGT). However, there are currently no comprehensive studies comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, selecting appropriate gene delivery carriers (such as nanoparticles and liposomes), and determining the optimal route for gene delivery (SMGT and TMGT) for producing Tg animal. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive assessment comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, and to introduce the best carriers and gene transfer methods to sperm and testis to generate Tg animals in different species. From 2010 to 2022, 47 studies on SMGT and 25 studies on TMGT have been conducted. Mice and rats were the most commonly used species in SMGT and TMGT. Regarding the SMGT approach, nanoparticles, streptolysin-O, and virus packaging were found to be the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice. In the TMGT method, the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice and rats were virus packaging, dimethyl sulfoxide, electroporation, and liposome. Our study has shown that the efficiency of producing Tg animals varies depending on the species, gene carrier, and method of gene transfer.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Rats; Animals, Genetically Modified; Gene Transfer Techniques; Spermatozoa; Testis
PubMed: 38361185
DOI: 10.1111/age.13404 -
Zygote (Cambridge, England) Aug 2023Fertilization failure (FF) and zygotic arrest after ICSI have a huge effect on both patients and clinicians, but both problems are usually unexpected and cannot be... (Review)
Review
Fertilization failure (FF) and zygotic arrest after ICSI have a huge effect on both patients and clinicians, but both problems are usually unexpected and cannot be properly diagnosed. Fortunately, in recent years, gene sequencing has allowed the identification of multiple genetic variants underlying failed ICSI outcomes, but the use of this approach is still far from routine in the fertility clinic. In this systematic review, the genetic variants associated with FF, abnormal fertilization and/or zygotic arrest after ICSI are compiled and analyzed. Forty-seven studies were included. Data from 141 patients carrying 121 genetic variants affecting 16 genes were recorded and analyzed. In total, 27 variants in (in 50 men) and 26 variants in (in 24 women) are two of the factors related to oocyte activation failure that could explain a high percentage of male-related and female-related FF. Additional variants identified were reported in , and (in men), and , , , , , , and (in women). Most of these variants are pathogenic or potentially pathogenic (89/121, 72.9%), as demonstrated by experimental and/or approaches. Most individuals carried bi-allelic variants (89/141, 63.1%), but pathogenic variants in heterozygosity have been identified for and . Clinical treatment options for affected individuals, such as chemical-assisted oocyte activation (AOA) or cRNA injection in the oocyte, are still experimental. In conclusion, a genetic study of known pathogenic variants may help in diagnosing recurrent FF and zygotic arrest and guide patient counselling and future research perspectives.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Zygote; Oocytes; Fertilization
PubMed: 37212058
DOI: 10.1017/S096719942300014X