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Archives of Microbiology Mar 2024Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses significant challenges due to its frequent contamination of grains and associated products. Microbial strategies for mitigating DON toxicity...
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses significant challenges due to its frequent contamination of grains and associated products. Microbial strategies for mitigating DON toxicity showed application potential. Eight bacterial isolates with DON degradation activity over 5% were obtained from various samples of organic fertilizer in this study. One of the isolates emerged as a standout, demonstrating a substantial degradation capability, achieving a 99.21% reduction in DON levels. This isolate, underwent thorough morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization to confirm its identity, and was identified as a new strain of Achromobacter spanius P-9. Subsequent evaluations revealed that the strain P-9 retains its degradation activity after a 24-h incubation, reaching optimal performance at 35 °C with a pH of 8.0. Further studies indicated that Ca ions enhance the degradation process, whereas Zn ions exert an inhibitory effect. This is the pioneering report of DON degradation by Achromobacter spanius, illuminating its prospective utility in addressing DON contamination challenges.
Topics: Trichothecenes; Achromobacter; Ions
PubMed: 38498224
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03864-1 -
Bioresource Technology May 2024A sulfamethazine (SM2) degrading strain, Achromobacter mucicolens JD417, was isolated from sulfonamide-contaminated sludge using gradient acclimation. Optimal SM2...
A sulfamethazine (SM2) degrading strain, Achromobacter mucicolens JD417, was isolated from sulfonamide-contaminated sludge using gradient acclimation. Optimal SM2 degradation conditions were pH 7, 36 °C, and 5 % inoculum, achieving a theoretical maximum degradation rate of 48 % at 50 ppm SM2. Cell growth followed the Haldane equation across different SM2 concentrations. Whole-genome sequencing of the strain revealed novel functional annotations, including a sulfonamide resistance gene (sul4) encoding dihydropteroate synthase, two flavin-dependent monooxygenase genes (sadA and sadB) crucial for SM2 degradation, and unique genomic islands related to metabolism, pathogenicity, and resistance. Comparative genomics analysis showed good collinearity and homology with other Achromobacter species exhibiting organics resistance or degradation capabilities. This study reveals the novel molecular resistance and degradation mechanisms and genetic evolution of an SM2-degrading strain, providing insights into the bioremediation of sulfonamide-contaminated environments.
Topics: Sulfamethazine; Achromobacter; Sulfonamides; Multigene Family; Sulfanilamide
PubMed: 38493935
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130598 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024This study assessed the physicochemical properties of air-fried hairtail fillets (190 °C, 24 min) under different storage temperatures (4, 25, and 35 °C). The findings...
This study assessed the physicochemical properties of air-fried hairtail fillets (190 °C, 24 min) under different storage temperatures (4, 25, and 35 °C). The findings revealed a gradual decline in sensory scores across all samples during storage, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total viable count over time. Lower storage temperatures exhibited an effective capacity to delay lipid oxidation and microbiological growth in air-fried hairtail fillets. Subsequently, alterations in the microbiota composition of air-fried hairtail fillets during cold storage were examined. Throughout the storage duration, , , and emerged as the three dominant genera in the air-fried hairtail samples. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that among the most prevalent microbial genera in air-fried hairtail samples, and exhibited positive correlations with the * value, * value, and sensory scores. Conversely, they displayed negative correlations with pH, * value, and TBARS. Notably, air-fried samples stored at 4 °C exhibited prolonged freshness compared with those stored at 25 °C and 35 °C, suggesting that 4 °C is an optimal storage temperature. This study offers valuable insights into alterations in the physicochemical properties and microbial distribution in air-fried hairtail fillets during storage, facilitating the improvement of meat quality by adjusting microbial communities in air-fried hairtail fillets.
PubMed: 38472899
DOI: 10.3390/foods13050786 -
Environment International Mar 2024High-throughput identification and cultivation of functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms is a fundamental goal in environmental microbiology. It remains as a...
High-throughput identification and cultivation of functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms is a fundamental goal in environmental microbiology. It remains as a critical challenge due to the lack of routine and effective approaches. Here, we firstly proposed an approach of stable-isotope-probing and metagenomic-binning directed cultivation (SIP-MDC) to isolate and characterize the active phenanthrene degraders from petroleum-contaminated soils. From SIP and metagenome, we assembled 13 high-quality metagenomic bins from C-DNA, and successfully obtained the genome of an active PHE degrader Achromobacter (genome-MB) from C-DNA metagenomes, which was confirmed by gyrB gene comparison and average nucleotide/amino identity (ANI/AAI), as well as the quantification of PAH dioxygenase and antibiotic resistance genes. Thereinto, we modified the traditional cultivation medium with antibiotics and specific growth factors (e.g., vitamins and metals), and separated an active phenanthrene degrader Achromobacter sp. LJB-25 via directed isolation. Strain LJB-25 could degrade phenanthrene and its identity was confirmed by ANI/AAI values between its genome and genome-MB (>99 %). Our results hinted at the feasibility of SIP-MDC to identify, isolate and cultivate functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms (active phenanthrene degraders) from their natural habitats. Our findings developed a state-of-the-art SIP-MDC approach, expanded our knowledge on phenanthrene biodegradation mechanisms, and proposed a strategy to mine functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms.
Topics: Metagenome; Phenanthrenes; Isotopes; DNA; Biodegradation, Environmental; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 38458119
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108555 -
Heliyon Mar 2024Diarrhea is a severe issue in calves that causes fertility problems and economic issues worldwide. Sodium acetate/sodium butyrate (SA/SB) alleviates diarrhea in mice;...
Diarrhea is a severe issue in calves that causes fertility problems and economic issues worldwide. Sodium acetate/sodium butyrate (SA/SB) alleviates diarrhea in mice; however, little information is available about the preventive effect of SA/SB on diarrheic yak calves living on the Tibet plateau. Yak calves (n = 19) of age ≥4 months and weight 37 ± 2 Kg were randomly divided into control (C, n = 10) and supplement groups (S, n = 9). Yaks belonging to the supplement group were given sodium butyrate (10 g/kg) and sodium acetate (5 g/kg) for 28 days, along with normal feed, seasonal grasses, pasture, and water. The blood and fecal samples from yak calves were collected for assessment of antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, microbiome, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration analysis. Results of this study revealed that a lower diarrhea rate, higher weight, and net weight gain were recorded in yaks belonging to group S supplemented with SA/SB. Similarly, increased antioxidant capacity with higher levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-px and decreased inflammatory reactions by decreasing both TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were recorded in yaks of group S. The concentration of SCFAs was significantly higher ( < 0.05) in yaks from group S than group C. Microbiome analysis revealed that 8 phyla and 54 genera were significantly different ( < 0.05) in both yak groups, with increased probiotics (Akkermansia, Oscillospira), SCFAs producing genera (Oscillospira, ASF356, Anaerosporobacter and Phascolarctobacterium), and decreased inflammatory related genus (Flavonifractor, Fournierella) and harmful bacteria (Oscillibacter, Achromobacter) in group S. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SA and SB could decrease diarrhea rates in yak calves on the plateau via increasing antioxidant ability and SCFAs, while decreasing inflammatory responses in yaks by moderating gut microbiota. The current results provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in yaks.
PubMed: 38439875
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26564 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 infection is known to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. Among the causes is the direct infection of HIV-1 in gut-resident CD4 T cells,...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 infection is known to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. Among the causes is the direct infection of HIV-1 in gut-resident CD4 T cells, causing a cascade of phenomena resulting in the instability of the gut mucosa. The effect of HIV infection on gut microbiome dysbiosis remains unresolved despite antiretroviral therapy. Here, we show the results of a longitudinal study of microbiome analysis of people living with HIV (PLWH). We contrasted the diversity and composition of the microbiome of patients with HIV at the first and second time points (baseline_case and six months later follow-up_case, respectively) with those of healthy individuals (baseline_control). We found that despite low diversity indices in the follow-up_case, the abundance of some genera was recovered but not completely, similar to baseline_control. Some genera were consistently in high abundance in PLWH. Furthermore, we found that the CD4 T-cell count and soluble CD14 level were significantly related to high and low diversity indices, respectively. We also found that the abundance of some genera was highly correlated with clinical features, especially with antiretroviral duration. This includes genera known to be correlated with worse HIV-1 progression ( and ) and a genus associated with gut protection (). The fact that a protector of the gut and genera linked to a worse progression of HIV-1 are both enriched may signify that despite the improvement of clinical features, the gut mucosa remains compromised.
PubMed: 38426062
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359402 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Feb 2024Due to the ever-increasing demand for meat, it has become necessary to identify cheap and sustainable sources of protein for animal feed. Feathers are the major...
Due to the ever-increasing demand for meat, it has become necessary to identify cheap and sustainable sources of protein for animal feed. Feathers are the major byproduct of poultry industry, which are rich in hard-to-degrade keratin protein. Previously we found that intact feathers can be digested into free amino acids, short peptides, and nano-/micro-keratin particles by the strain Bacillus licheniformis WHU in water, and the resulting feather hydrolysates exhibit prebiotic effects on mice. To explore the potential utilization of feather hydrolysate in the feed industry, we investigated its effects on the gut microbiota of broilers and fish. Our results suggest that feather hydrolysates significantly decrease and increase the diversity of gut microbial communities in broilers and fish, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota was markedly altered in both of the animals. The abundance of bacteria with potentially pathogenic phenotypes in the gut microbial community of the fish significantly decreased. Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Achromobacter spp. were significantly inhibited by the feather hydrolysates. In addition, feather hydrolysates significantly improved proteolytic activity in the guts of broilers and fish. In fish, the expression levels of ZO-1 and TGF-α significantly improved after administration of feather hydrolysates. The results presented here suggest that feather hydrolysates generated by B. licheniformis WHU could be an alternative protein source in aquaculture and could exert beneficial effects on fish.
PubMed: 38421547
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00118-z -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024A landmark study by Poore et al. showed intratumor bacteria (ITBs) playing a critical role in most cancers by reproduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)...
UNLABELLED
A landmark study by Poore et al. showed intratumor bacteria (ITBs) playing a critical role in most cancers by reproduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data. A recent study by Salzberg et al. argued that ITBs, being overstated as a methodology by Poore et al., were problematic. We previously reported that ITBs were prognostic in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a highly aggressive rare disease using data by Poore et al., and here, we aimed to answer whether ITBs truly existed and were prognostic in ACC. ACC samples from our institutes underwent 16S rRNA sequencing [adrenocortical carcinoma blocks from Huashan Hospital and China Medical University (HS) cohort]. The ITB profile was compared to TCGA data processed by Poore et al. (TCGA-P) and TCGA data processed by Salzberg et al. (TCGA-S), respectively. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). A total of 26 ACC cases (HS cohort) and 10 paraffin controls were sequenced. The TCGA cohort encompassed 77 cases. Two and four amid the top 10 abundant genera in HS cohort were not detected in TCGA-P and TCGA-S, respectively. Neither was alpha or beta diversity associated with survival nor could ACC be subtyped by ITB signature in the HS cohort. Notably, a five-genera ITB risk score (, , , , and ) for OS trained in the HS cohort was validated in both TCGA-P and TCGA-S cohorts and was independently prognostic. Whereas ITB signature on the whole may not be associated with ACC subtypes, certain ITB features are associated with prognosis, and a risk score could be generated and validated externally.
IMPORTANCE
In this report, we looked at the role of ITBs in ACC in patients with different race and sequencing platforms. We found a five-genera ITB risk score consistently predicted overall survival in all cohorts. We conclude that certain ITB features are universally pathogenic to ACC.
Topics: Humans; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Prognosis; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Risk Factors; Bacteria
PubMed: 38421176
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03727-23 -
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare... 2024and are emerging nosocomial, non-glucose fermenting, Gram-negative pathogens. In this nested case-control trial, independent predictors for infections were...
and are emerging nosocomial, non-glucose fermenting, Gram-negative pathogens. In this nested case-control trial, independent predictors for infections were hemodialysis and recent antibiotic usage (overall), while recent usage of fluoroquinolones, was independently associated with infections. Infections were independently associated with multiple worse outcomes.
PubMed: 38415099
DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.11 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Apr 2024Nosocomial outbreaks of urinary tract infections caused by Achromobacter spp. have been rare in recent decades.
BACKGROUND
Nosocomial outbreaks of urinary tract infections caused by Achromobacter spp. have been rare in recent decades.
AIM
To identify the origin of an Achromobacter sp. outbreak, conduct multi-modal infection control measures, and finally to stop the outbreak. To this end, an epidemiological outbreak investigation and risk factor analysis were performed.
METHODS
Achromobacter sp. was detected in 22 patients in our urology wards and six environmental cultures of specimens obtained from the operating rooms. Strains isolated were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An on-site epidemiological investigation, evaluation of patient medical records, and environmental sampling were performed to identify the source of the outbreak, and implementation of infection control intervention. A case-control study was performed to analyse the potential risk factors.
FINDINGS
Environmental sampling showed that the source of the infection for 22 patients was an ISA-IIIA-type medical pressurizer containing contaminated water. A case-control analysis showed that the risk factors for infection were: diagnosis of kidney/ureteral stones, surgery, placement of a double-J stent, and history of hospitalization in the past three months.
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the outbreak occurred in patients who underwent internal lithotripsy and double-J stent placement, due to contact transmission with the contaminated sensor and connecting tubes of the ISA-IIIA-type medical pressurizer.
Topics: Humans; Achromobacter; Case-Control Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Equipment and Supplies, Hospital; Risk Factors; Water; Cross Infection
PubMed: 38403082
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.02.002