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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Sep 2023Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based removable orthodontic appliances are susceptible to microbial colonization due to the surface porosity, and accumulating the biofilms...
BACKGROUND
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based removable orthodontic appliances are susceptible to microbial colonization due to the surface porosity, and accumulating the biofilms causes denture stomatitis. the present study evaluated the anti-biofilm and antiinflammatory effects of antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) against multispecies microbial biofilms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Actinomyces naeslundii) formed on acrylic resin modified with nanoresveratrol (NR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following the determination of the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of NR, in vitro anti-biofilm activity of NR was evaluated. The antibiofilm efficacy against multispecies microbial biofilm including C. albicans, S. aureus, S. sobrinus, and A. naeslundii, were assessed by biofilm inhibition test and the results were measured. To reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of aPSDT on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS
According to the results, the MBIC dose of NR against multispecies microbial biofilm was considered 512 µg/mL. The highest biofilm reduction activity was observed in MBIC treated with aPSDT and 2 × MBIC exposed to light emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound waves (UW). The expression level of TNF-α and IL-6 genes were significantly increased when HGF cells were exposed to multispecies microbial biofilms (P<0.05), while after treatment with aPSDT, the expression levels of genes were significantly downregulated in all groups (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Overall, NR-mediated aPSDT reduced the growth of the multispecies microbial biofilm and downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Therefore, modified PMMA with NR can be serving as a promising new orthodontic acrylic resin against multispecies microbial biofilms and the effect of this new material is amplified when exposed to LED and UW.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Staphylococcus aureus; Acrylic Resins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Interleukin-6; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Biofilms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 37356699
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103669 -
Folia Microbiologica Dec 2023Dental caries is a biofilm-related disease, widely perceived to be caused by oral ecological imbalance when cariogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage....
Dental caries is a biofilm-related disease, widely perceived to be caused by oral ecological imbalance when cariogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage. Compared with planktonic bacteria, dental plaques are difficult to remove under extracellular polymeric substance protection. In this study, the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on a preformed cariogenic multi-species biofilm was evaluated, which was comprised of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), commensal bacteria (Streptococcus gordonii), and a pioneer colonizer (Actinomyces naeslundii). Our result revealed that treatment with 0.08 mg/mL CAPE reduced live S. mutans in the preformed multi-species biofilm while not significantly changing the quantification of live S. gordonii. CAPE significantly reduced the production of lactic acid, extracellular polysaccharide, and extracellular DNA and made the biofilm looser. Moreover, CAPE could promote the HO production of S. gordonii and inhibit the expression of SMU.150 encoding mutacin to modulate the interaction among species in biofilms. Overall, our results suggested that CAPE could inhibit the cariogenic properties and change the microbial composition of the multi-species biofilms, indicating its application potential in dental caries prevention and management.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Dental Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Biofilms
PubMed: 37289416
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01064-w -
Oral Diseases Mar 2024This study evaluated antimicrobial activity of atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin against oral bacteria, and the interaction of simvastatin with...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated antimicrobial activity of atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin against oral bacteria, and the interaction of simvastatin with standard antimicrobials (amoxicillin and metronidazole).
METHODS
Minimal inhibitory concentration assays were performed with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii; checkerboard microdilution assays between simvastatin and standard antimicrobials; monospecies and multispecies biofilms.
RESULTS
Simvastatin showed the best antimicrobial activity against most species (MIC range from 3.12 to 25 μg/ml), highlighting the sensitivity of P. gingivalis. In the checkerboard assay, synergistic interaction was found between simvastatin and amoxicillin against S. oralis and S. sanguinis. P. gingivalis biofilm was inhibited by simvastatin at 10 and 50× Minimal inhibitory concentration, with similar effects to metronidazole. For multispecies biofilm, SMV reduced the biofilm metabolic activity (79%) and total counts (87%), comparable to amoxicillin. Simvastatin also reduced bacterial counts of Veilonnella parvula, P. gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, P. intermedia, and Capnocytophaga ochracea in the multispecies biofilm.
CONCLUSIONS
Simvastatin showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against oral bacteria and may contribute to the control of dysbiosis, and may be considered in clinical studies as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Simvastatin; Metronidazole; Dysbiosis; Biofilms; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Fusobacterium nucleatum
PubMed: 36416468
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14446