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Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2024
Topics: Humans; Fibromyalgia; Leptin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Biomarkers; Insulin-Like Peptides
PubMed: 38896736
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240005 -
Nutrients May 2024Children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), later at prepubertal age, exhibit an increased metabolic risk including risen insulin resistance and...
Children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), later at prepubertal age, exhibit an increased metabolic risk including risen insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. However, the progression of such metabolic changes after puberty and the lasting health implications have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether young adults with a history of EUGR faced increased vulnerability to metabolic disorders. A study was conducted comparing a group of adults with a history of EUGR with a healthy reference group. A total of 110 young adults (36 from the EUGR group and 74 from the control group) were included. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), general biochemical parameters, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines were assessed. Compared to the reference group, the EUGR group had a shorter height and body weight with higher lean mass and waist circumference, as well as a greater percentage of individuals with high BP. In addition, EUGR patients had higher values of insulin, HOMA-IR, nerve growth factor, and leptin, and lower levels of adiponectin and resistin. The present study suggests that young adults with a history of EUGR present increased metabolic risk factors therefore, clinical follow-up should be considered.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Inflammation; Biomarkers; Insulin Resistance; Adult; Risk Factors; Growth Disorders; Adipokines; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 38892541
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111608 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Blackberries (), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess...
Blackberries (), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess multiple health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. However, the potential biological effects and precise molecular mechanisms of the fermented extracts remain largely unexplored. In this research, we demonstrate the effect of blackberries fermented with for addressing obesity. We investigated the effect of blackberries fermented by on mice fed a high-fat (60% kcal) diet for 12 weeks. Fermented blackberry administration reduced the body weight and epididymal fat caused by a high-fat diet compared to the obese group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, which are blood lipid indicators, and the levels of leptin, which is an insulin resistance indicator, were significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. Additionally, the expression of adipogenesis marker proteins, such as CEBPα, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, was significantly increased in the obese group, whereas it was decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. These results suggest that fermented blackberries have a protective effect against high-fat-diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and are a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Animals; Adipogenesis; Rubus; Mice; Obesity; Anti-Obesity Agents; Male; Diet, High-Fat; PPAR gamma; Fermentation; Signal Transduction; Lactobacillus plantarum; Plant Extracts; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Leptin; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; Triglycerides; Body Weight
PubMed: 38892352
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116164 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of... (Review)
Review
The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of neurological disorders. During midlife, weight gain increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, whereas in late life, weight gain becomes a protective factor. Despite their substantial impact on metabolism, the role of adipokines in the transition from healthy aging to neurological disorders remains largely unexplored. We aim to investigate how the adipose tissue milieu and the secreted adipokines are involved in the transition between biological and pathological aging, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between the brain and systemic metabolism. Understanding the function of these adipokines will allow us to identify biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and uncover novel therapeutic options.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Brain; Animals; Biomarkers; Aging
PubMed: 38892118
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115932 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Mitochondrial-secreted growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) promotes weight loss in animals. Its effects in humans remain unclear, due to limited research and...
Mitochondrial-secreted growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) promotes weight loss in animals. Its effects in humans remain unclear, due to limited research and potential measurement interference from the H202D-variant. Our post-hoc analysis investigates total (irrespective of genetic variants) and H-specific GDF-15 (detected only in H202D-variant absence) in humans under acute and chronic energy deprivation, examining GDF-15 interaction with leptin (energy homeostasis regulator) and GDF-15 biologic activity modulation by the H202D-variant. Total and H-specific GDF-15 increased with acute starvation, and total GDF-15 increased with chronic energy deprivation, compared with healthy subjects and regardless of leptin repletion. Baseline GDF-15 positively correlated with triglyceride-rich particles and lipoproteins. During acute metabolic stress, GDF-15 associations with metabolites/lipids appeared to differ in subjects with the H202D-variant. Our findings suggest GDF-15 increases with energy deprivation in humans, questioning its proposed weight loss and suggesting its function as a mitokine, reflecting or mediating metabolic stress response.
Topics: Humans; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Leptin; Male; Adult; Female; Energy Metabolism; Starvation; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38890300
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49366-y -
Nutrition & Diabetes Jun 2024Increased free fatty acid (FFA) promotes adiponectin secretion in healthy subjects and induces inflammation in diabetes. Given the potential pro-inflammatory role of...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Increased free fatty acid (FFA) promotes adiponectin secretion in healthy subjects and induces inflammation in diabetes. Given the potential pro-inflammatory role of adiponectin in "adiponectin paradox", we performed this study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the association of FFA with adiponectin and to investigate whether adiponectin mediates FFA-related inflammation.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study consisted of adult patients with T2DM. FFA, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed from fasting venous blood after overnight fasting for at least 8 h. Multivariable linear regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis were performed to identify the association between FFA and adiponectin. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the mediating effect of adiponectin on the association between FFA and TNF-α.
RESULTS
This study included 495 participants, with 332 males (67.1%) and a mean age of 47.0 ± 11.2 years. FFA was positively associated with adiponectin (b = 0.126, 95%CI: 0.036-0.215, P = 0.006) and was the main contributor to the increase of adiponectin (standardized b = 0.141). The RCS analysis demonstrated that adiponectin increased with FFA when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L but did not further increase thereafter (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). In addition, adiponectin mediated the association between FFA and TNF-α. The mediating effect was 0.08 (95%CI: 0.03-0.13, P = 0.003) and the mediating effect percentage was 26.8% (95%CI: 4.5-49.2, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with T2DM, FFA was positively associated with adiponectin when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L. Elevated adiponectin mediated FFA-related inflammation. This study may provide insights into the pro-inflammatory effect of adiponectin in T2DM.
Topics: Humans; Adiponectin; Male; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Middle Aged; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adult; Inflammation
PubMed: 38886355
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00302-5 -
Molecular Biology Reports Jun 2024Sleep and stress interact bidirectionally by acting on brain circuits that affect metabolism. Sleep and its alterations have impact on blood leptin levels, metabolic...
BACKGROUND
Sleep and stress interact bidirectionally by acting on brain circuits that affect metabolism. Sleep and its alterations have impact on blood leptin levels, metabolic hormone that regulates appetite. Brain expresses the receptors for the peptide hormone leptin produced from adipocytes. The hypothalamic orexin neurons are low during sleep and active when awake, influenced by a complex interaction with leptin. Thymoquinone was found to be the major bioactive component of Nigella sativa. The aim of this study was to study the role of thymoquinone on sleep restriction and its mitigating effect on leptin-mediated signaling pathway in rat brain.
METHODS AND RESULTS
30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with 6 animals in each group: Control; Thymoquinone (TQ); Corn oil; Chronic Sleep restriction (CSR); and CSR + TQ. After 30 days, behavioral analysis, antioxidant, lipid profile, glucose level, liver and kidney function test, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and mRNA expression in in vivo studies were also assessed and pharmacokinetic and docking were done for thymoquinone. Thymoquinone has also shown good binding affinity to the target proteins. CSR has induced oxidative stress in the discrete brain regions and plasma. Current study has shown many evidences that sleep restriction has altered the neurobehavioral, antioxidant status, lipid profile, neurotransmitters, neuropeptide levels, and feeding behavior which damage the Orexin-leptin system which regulates the sleep and feeding that leads to metabolic dysfunction.
CONCLUSION
The potentiality of Thymoquinone was revealed in in silico studies, and its action in in vivo studies has proved its effectiveness. The study concludes that Thymoquinone has exhibited its effect by diminishing the metabolic dysfunction by its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic properties.
Topics: Animals; Benzoquinones; Male; Leptin; Rats; Signal Transduction; Rats, Wistar; Brain; Sleep Deprivation; Oxidative Stress; Molecular Docking Simulation; Sleep; Nigella sativa; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38886257
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09699-9 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jun 2024The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and adiposity measures are independently associated with the development of diabetes in African American (AA) adults....
BACKGROUND
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and adiposity measures are independently associated with the development of diabetes in African American (AA) adults. However, studies have not examined the combined interaction between RAAS and adiposity measures in relation to diabetes risk in AA adults.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the longitudinal association of combined RAAS and adiposity measures with incident diabetes among AAs in the Jackson Heart Study.
METHODS
AA adults were assessed at baseline (2000-2004) and over 12 years of follow-up. RAAS, anthropometric (waist circumference [WC], body mass index [BMI]) and adipokine (adiponectin, leptin, leptin: adiponectin ratio [LAR]) measures were collected at baseline. Aldosterone, WC, and LAR were chosen as the best predictor variables. The final model, adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, smoking, physical activity and RAAS altering medications, incorporated these variables and their interactions (WC*Aldosterone + LAR*Aldosterone) to explore their impact on incident diabetes.
RESULTS
Among 3,220 participants without diabetes at baseline, there were 554 incident cases over a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Aldosterone, WC, and LAR were positively associated with incident diabetes (all p < 0.05). A significant interaction was found between WC and aldosterone with a greater association among individuals with lower WC. This interaction was significant in participants with prediabetes but not in those with normoglycemia. No significant interaction was found between log-LAR and aldosterone with risk of incident diabetes.
CONCLUSION
Higher aldosterone in participants is associated with greater risk of diabetes, particularly among individuals with prediabetes and lower WC.
PubMed: 38885313
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae396 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Obesity is a global health challenge that causes metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk of various chronic diseases. The gut microbiome is crucial in modulating...
Obesity is a global health challenge that causes metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk of various chronic diseases. The gut microbiome is crucial in modulating host energy metabolism, immunity, and inflammation and is influenced by dietary factors. Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis), widely consumed in Southeast Asia, has been proven to have various biological activities. However, the composition and effect of crude gac aril polysaccharides (GAP) on obesity and gut microbiota disturbed by high-fat diet (HFD) remain to be elucidated. Compositional analysis showed that GAP contains high oligosaccharides, with an average of 7-8 saccharide units. To mimic clinical obesity, mice were first made obese by feeding HFD for eight weeks. GAP intervention was performed from week 9 to week 20 in HFD-fed mice. Our results showed that GAP inhibited body weight gain, eWAT adipocyte hypertrophy, adipokine derangement, and hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced obese mice. GAP improved insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis. GAP modulated the gut microbiota composition and reversed the HFD-induced dysbiosis of at least 20 genera. Taken together, GAP improves metabolic health and modulates the gut microbiome to relieve obesity risk factors, demonstrating the potential of dietary GAP for treating obesity-associated disorders.
PubMed: 38878919
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133164 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Jun 2024Lipodystrophic syndromes are acquired or genetic rare diseases, characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue leading to metabolic alterations linked... (Review)
Review
Lipodystrophic syndromes are acquired or genetic rare diseases, characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue leading to metabolic alterations linked to strong insulin resistance. They are probably underdiagnosed, especially for partial forms. They are characterized by a lack of adipose tissue or a lack of adipose development leading to metabolic disorders associated with often severe insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. In partial forms of lipodystrophy, these mechanisms are aggravated by excess visceral adipose tissue and/or subcutaneous adipose tissue in the upper part of the body. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, pathological context and comorbidities, and on results of metabolic investigations and genetic analyses, which together determine management and genetic counseling. Early lifestyle and dietary measures focusing on regular physical activity, and balanced diet avoiding excess energy intake are crucial. They are accompanied by multidisciplinary follow-up adapted to each clinical form. When standard treatments have failed to control metabolic disorders, the orphan drug metreleptin, an analog of leptin, can be effective in certain forms of lipodystrophy syndromes.
Topics: Humans; Lipodystrophy; Insulin Resistance; Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial; Adipose Tissue; Leptin; Life Style
PubMed: 38871513
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.015