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Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres...
The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control (CON) group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet, those in the antibiotics (ANT) group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg XOS. Compared with CON, the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150, 450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups ( = 0.018), and the relative expression of claudin-1 and 1 mRNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300 and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups ( < 0.001). The feed conversion ratios ( < 0.001) and abdominal fat rates ( = 0.012) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group. Splenic index ( = 0.036) and bursa of Fabricius index ( = 0.009) were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group. Compared to CON and ANT, serum IgA ( = 0.007) and IgG ( = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera () was also significantly higher ( < 0.001). Meanwhile, ileal villus height ( < 0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C) ( = 0.001) were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers. In analysis of relationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut, was positively correlated with mRNA expression of ileal and claudin-1 ( < 0.05), and was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C ( < 0.05). Overall, XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance, promoted intestinal health by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating cecal microbiota diversity, and had positive effects on immunity.
PubMed: 38779325
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.004 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Previous studies have indicated a potential link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma. However, the exact causal interplay between the two remains an area of...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have indicated a potential link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma. However, the exact causal interplay between the two remains an area of ambiguity.
METHODS
We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and five types of lymphoma. The research drew upon microbiome data from a research project of 14,306 participants and lymphoma data encompassing 324,650 cases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meticulously chosen as instrumental variables according to multiple stringent criteria. Five MR methodologies, including the inverse variance weighted approach, were utilized to assess the direct causal impact between the microbial exposures and lymphoma outcomes. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were carried out to robustly scrutinize and validate the potential presence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy.
RESULTS
We discerned 38 potential causal associations linking genetic predispositions within the gut microbiome to the development of lymphoma. A few of the more significant results are as follows: Genus (OR = 0.619, 95% CI 0.438-0.873, = 0.006) demonstrated a potentially protective effect against Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Genus (OR = 0.473, 95% CI 0.278-0.807, = 0.006) was a protective factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genus (OR = 0.541, 95% CI 0.341-0.857, = 0.009) exhibited suggestive protective effects against follicular lymphoma. Genus (OR = 0.354, 95% CI 0.198-0.631, = 0.0004) showed protective properties against T/NK cell lymphoma. The test indicated an absence of heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger test did not show significant horizontal polytropy. Furthermore, the leave-one-out analysis failed to identify any SNP that exerted a substantial influence on the overall results.
CONCLUSION
Our study elucidates a definitive causal link between gut microbiota and lymphoma development, pinpointing specific microbial taxa with potential causative roles in lymphomagenesis, as well as identifying probiotic candidates that may impact disease progression, which provide new ideas for possible therapeutic approaches to lymphoma and clues to the pathogenesis of lymphoma.
Topics: Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Lymphoma; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38774867
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397485 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024Research has showcased a correlation between disruptions in gut microbiota and primary membranous nephropathy (pMN), giving rise to the concept of the 'gut-kidney axis'....
BACKGROUND
Research has showcased a correlation between disruptions in gut microbiota and primary membranous nephropathy (pMN), giving rise to the concept of the 'gut-kidney axis'. However, the precise relationship between gut microbiota and pMN remains elusive. Hence, this study endeavors to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and pMN utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
The primary method employed for MR analysis is the inverse variance weighting method, supplemented by MR-Egger and the weighted median method, to infer causality. This approach was validated within the pMN cohort across two distinct populations.
RESULTS
At the species level, the abundance of and was negatively correlated with the risk of pMN. Conversely, pMN was positively associated with abundance at the class level, abundance at the family level, and abundance at the genus level. Specifically, at the species level, pMN was positively correlated with the abundance of , , and
CONCLUSION
These findings lay the groundwork for future research exploring the interplay between pMN and the gut microbiota, with substantial implications for the prevention and treatment of pMN and its associated complications.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Adult
PubMed: 38770992
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2349136 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The gut microbiota (GM) influences the occurrence and progression of lung cancer (LC), with potential involvement of immune cells (IC). We aimed to investigate the...
INTRODUCTION
The gut microbiota (GM) influences the occurrence and progression of lung cancer (LC), with potential involvement of immune cells (IC). We aimed to investigate the causal impact of GM on LC and identify potential immune cell mediators.
METHODS
The utilized data for the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were summarized as follows: gut microbiota data from the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP) ( = 7,738), lung cancer data from the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) and International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) ( = 29,266, = 56,450) included four types of cancer: NSCLC, LUAD, LUSC, and SCLC, and immune cell data from European populations ( = 3,757). We employed bi-directional two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR), and mediation analysis to assess the causal relationship between GM and LC and potential immune cell mediators.
RESULTS
Bi-directional UVMR analysis revealed that 24 gut microbiota species can affect LC, while LC can affect the abundance of 17 gut microbiota species. Mediation analysis demonstrated that six immune cells mediated the causal relationships of seven gut microbiota species on LC: "CCR7 on naive CD8+ T cell" mediated the causal relationship between s_Alistipes_putredinis and LUAD, with a mediation proportion of 9.5% and = 0.018; "IgD- CD27- B cell %lymphocyte" mediated the causal relationships between g_Gordonibacter and s_Gordonibacter_pamelaeae with LUSC, with mediation proportions of 11.8% and 11.9%, respectively and = 0.029; "CD20- CD38- B cell %lymphocyte" mediated the causal relationship between s_Bacteroides_clarus and SCLC, with a mediation proportion of 13.8% and = 0.005; "CD20 on IgD+ CD38- unswitched memory B cell" mediated the causal relationship between s_Streptococcus_thermophilus and SCLC, with a mediation proportion of 14.1% and = 0.023; "HLA DR on CD14- CD16+ monocyte" mediated the causal relationship between s_Bifidobacterium_bifidum and SCLC, with a mediation proportion of 8.7% and = 0.012; "CD45 on Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells" mediated the causal relationship between f_Lactobacillaceae and SCLC, with a mediation proportion of 4.0% and = 0.021.
CONCLUSION
This Mendelian randomization study identified several specific gut microbiotas that exhibit causal relationships with lung cancer and potentially mediate immune cells.
PubMed: 38765682
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390722 -
Food & Function Jun 2024Constipation is a major gastrointestinal (GI) symptom worldwide, with diverse causes of formation, and requires effective and safe therapeutic measures. In the present...
Constipation is a major gastrointestinal (GI) symptom worldwide, with diverse causes of formation, and requires effective and safe therapeutic measures. In the present study, we used loperamide hydrochloride to establish a constipation model and assessed the effect of on constipation and its possible mechanism of relief. The results showed that S3 exerted a constipation-relieving effect primarily by improving the gut microbiota, enriching genera including , , and , and decreasing the bacteria group. These changes may thereby increase acetic acid and stearic acid (C18:0) levels, which significantly increase the expression levels of ZO-1 and MUC-2, repair intestinal barrier damage and reduce inflammation (IL-6). Furthermore, it also inhibited oxidative stress levels (SOD and CAT), decreased the expression of water channel proteins (AQP4 and AQP8), significantly elevated the Gas, 5-HT, PGE2, and Ach levels, and reduced nNOS and VIP levels to improve the intestinal luminal transit time and fecal water content. Collectively, these changes resulted in the alleviation of constipation.
Topics: Loperamide; Constipation; Animals; Acetic Acid; Mice; Probiotics; Stearic Acids; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bifidobacterium longum; Disease Models, Animal; Intestines
PubMed: 38764333
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00695j -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2024The influence of gut microbiota on gut health is well-documented, but it remains obscure for extraintestinal diseases such as breast cancer. Moreover, it is entirely...
The influence of gut microbiota on gut health is well-documented, but it remains obscure for extraintestinal diseases such as breast cancer. Moreover, it is entirely unknown how gut dysbiosis during early life contributes to breast tumorigenesis later in life. In this study, we hypothesized that a high-fat diet during early life leads to alterations in the gut microbiome and is associated with disruptions in the mammary microenvironment. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 60% kcal fat) for 8 weeks from the age of 4 to 12 weeks, which is equivalent to human childhood and adolescence. Twelve mice were sacrificed immediately after the 8-week feeding, the remainder were euthanized after switching to a normal lifecycle-supporting diet for an additional 12 weeks; the gut microbiome was then sequenced. The 8-week HF diet feeding altered the beta-diversity (Bray & Jaccard P < .01), and the difference remained significant after switching the diet (Bray & Jaccard P < .05). Immediately after HF feeding, a greater number of microbial taxa (>50) were altered, and about half of the taxa (25) remained significantly changed after switching the diet. The abundance of Alistipes, Bilophila, and Rikenellaceae stood out as significantly associated with multiple metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in mammary tissue, including aromatase, Ccl2, and Cox2. In conclusion, an 8-week early-life HF feeding reshaped the gut microbiome, which connected with disrupted mammary microenvironments.
PubMed: 38763113
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.006 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Jun 2024Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell clonal disease and these plasma cells can survive in the gut. The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem and its dysfunction...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell clonal disease and these plasma cells can survive in the gut. The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem and its dysfunction can release persistent stimulus signals that trigger genetic mutations and clonal evolution in the gut. The present study analyzed the intestinal microbiota in fecal samples of MM patients in high-altitude and cold regions of China using 16s rRNA sequencing and analyzed significantly enriched species at the phylum and genus levels. Although no significant difference in the alpha diversity was observed between the MM and control groups, a significant difference was noted in the beta diversity. A total of 15 significant differential bacteria at the genus level were found between the two groups, among which , , and were significantly enriched in the MM group. The present study also constructed a disease diagnosis model using Random Forest analysis and verified its accuracy using receiver operating characteristic analysis. In addition, using correlation analysis, it demonstrated that the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with MM was associated with complement levels. Notably, the present study predicted that the signaling and metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota affected MM progression through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis. The present study provides a new approach for the prevention and treatment of MM, in which the intestinal microbiota may become a novel therapeutic target for MM.
PubMed: 38756900
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12557 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jul 2024FRILEUX, M., BOLTRI M. and al. Cognition and Gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a Systematic Review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) 2024... (Review)
Review
FRILEUX, M., BOLTRI M. and al. Cognition and Gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a Systematic Review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) 2024 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major mood disorders are associated with cognitive impairments. Recent studies suggest a link between gut microbiota composition and cognitive functioning. Here, we review the relationship between gut microbiota and cognition in these disorders. To do this, we conducted a systematic review, searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCOhost, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cognitive function through neuropsychological assessments in patients with bipolar, depressive, schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders. Ten studies were identified. Findings underscore a link between gut dysbiosis and cognitive impairment. This relationship identified specific taxa (Haemophilus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes) as potential contributors to bolstered cognitive performance. Conversely, Candida albicans, Toxoplasma gondii, Streptococcus and Deinococcus were associated with diminished performance on cognitive assessments. Prebiotics and probiotics interventions were associated with cognitive enhancements, particularly executive functions. These results emphasize the role of gut microbiota in cognition, prompting further exploration of the underlying mechanisms paving the way toward precision psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Schizophrenia; Mood Disorders; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38754717
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105722 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jul 2024The underlying mechanisms of macamide's neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated in the paper. Macamides are considered as unique...
The underlying mechanisms of macamide's neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated in the paper. Macamides are considered as unique ingredients in maca. Improvement effects and mechanisms of macamide on cognitive impairment have not been revealed. In this study, Vina 1.1.2 was used for docking to evaluate the binding abilities of 12 main macamides to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). N-benzyl-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienamide (M 18:2) was selected to study the following experiments because it can stably bind to AChE with a strong binding energy. The animal experiments showed that M 18:2 prevented the scopolamine (SCP)-induced cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter disorders, increased the positive rates of Nrf2 and HO-1 in hippocampal CA1, improved the synaptic plasticity by maintaining synaptic morphology and increasing the synapse density. Moreover, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, serum, and colon were reduced by M 18:2. Furthermore, M 18:2 promoted colonic epithelial integrity and partially restored the composition of the gut microbiota to normal, including decreased genera Clostridiales_unclassified and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, as well as increased genera Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, which may be the possible biomarkers of cognitive aging. In summary, M 18:2 exerted neuroprotective effects on SCP-induced AD mice possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulating the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Alzheimer Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Signal Transduction; Neuroprotective Agents; Mice; Male; Disease Models, Animal; Acetylcholinesterase; Scopolamine; Neuronal Plasticity; Molecular Docking Simulation; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Hippocampus
PubMed: 38734297
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176638 -
Pharmacological Research Jun 2024In recent years several experimental observations demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a role in regulating positively or negatively metabolic homeostasis....
In recent years several experimental observations demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a role in regulating positively or negatively metabolic homeostasis. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a Tryptophan catabolic product mainly produced by C. Sporogenes, has been recently shown to exert either favorable or unfavorable effects in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We performed a study to delineate clinical and multiomics characteristics of human subjects characterized by low and high IPA levels. Subjects with low IPA blood levels showed insulin resistance, overweight, low-grade inflammation, and features of metabolic syndrome compared to those with high IPA. Metabolomics analysis revealed that IPA was negatively correlated with leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis in colon tissue revealed the enrichment of several signaling, regulatory, and metabolic processes. Metagenomics revealed several OTU of ruminococcus, alistipes, blautia, butyrivibrio and akkermansia were significantly enriched in IPA group while in IPA group Escherichia-Shigella, megasphera, and Desulfovibrio genus were more abundant. Next, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with IPA in a mouse model may recapitulate the observations of human subjects, at least in part. We found that a short treatment with IPA (4 days at 20/mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance and Akt phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle level, while regulating blood BCAA levels and gene expression in colon tissue, all consistent with results observed in human subjects stratified for IPA levels. Our results suggest that treatment with IPA may be considered a potential strategy to improve insulin resistance in subjects with dysbiosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Female; Middle Aged; Insulin Resistance; Indoles; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Metabolomics; Mice; Adult; Metabolic Syndrome; Comorbidity; Muscle, Skeletal; Multiomics
PubMed: 38734193
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107207