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Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese... Jun 2024To investigate the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) on patients' immune markers and metabolic levels in the early stage of allergen treatment, and to gain...
To investigate the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) on patients' immune markers and metabolic levels in the early stage of allergen treatment, and to gain insight into the role of SCIT in regulating immune responses and metabolic levels, so as to provide reference data for the further discovery of potential biomarkers. A longitudinal study was used to include 40 subjects who underwent SCIT with dust mite allergens in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between November 2017 and February 2022, including 20 subjects each of single mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT) and double mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT). In this study, levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism were measured before and 12 months after treatment, while pulmonary function tests were performed. The therapeutic effects of the patients were followed up by visual analogue scale (VAS), asthma control test (ACT) and total medication scores (TMS). The results were statistically analyzed using -test and Mann-Whitney -test. After 12 months of treatment with SCIT, both groups showed a significant decrease in total VAS score (SM-SCIT:=-2.298, <0.05; DM-SCIT:=-3.411, <0.001); total ACT score (SM-SCIT:=-2.054, <0.05; DM-SCIT:=-2.014, <0.05) and total medication scores (SM-SCIT:=-3.799, <0.000 1; DM-SCIT:=-3.474, <0.001) were significantly higher, in addition to significantly higher MMEF75/25 values in the DM-SCIT group (=-2.253, <0.05). There was no significant change in sIgE in the SM-SCIT group (>0.05), and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 2, and p 21 fractions were significantly elevated (-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, and -3.285, respectively, all <0.05); The sIgE of Der p 2, f 2, p 7 and p 23 fractions(=-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, -3.285, all <0.05) and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 1, f 2, p 10, p 21 and p 23 fractions (=-3.808, -3.845, -3.061, -2.688, -2.464, -3.211, -2.371, -2.091, -2.427, all <0.05) of the DM-SCIT group were significantly elevated. Metabolomics analysis showed that arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid were significantly elevated at the beginning of the treatment period after SM-SCIT treatment ( of -2.191, -2.497, -1.988, -2.090, -2.19, -2.803, -2.073, all <0.05); 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid showed elevated and alpha-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly decreased in the DM-SCIT group after treatment (=-1.988, -2.090, -2.497, -1.988, respectively, all <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that arachidonic acid was significantly negatively correlated with changes in dust mite-specific IgG4 (-0.499, <0.05), and that alpha-linolenic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were positively correlated with the ΔsIgG4 of the dust mite der p 2 (=0.451, 0.420, 0.474, respectively; all <0.05). Significant changes in allergen-specific antibody levels and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism levels occur during SCIT, and the two may interact and influence each other.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Asthma; Pyroglyphidae; Longitudinal Studies; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Allergens; Child; Injections, Subcutaneous; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 38955724
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240124-00083 -
Cureus May 2024Obesity is not only a risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases but also causes skin barrier dysfunction, which leads to a reduced quality of life due to dryness,...
OBJECTIVE
Obesity is not only a risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases but also causes skin barrier dysfunction, which leads to a reduced quality of life due to dryness, itching, and scratching, and thus requires appropriate treatment. However, there are no studies on this issue. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether oral intake of linseed oil is effective for skin barrier function in obesity and to confirm how the effect is demonstrated.
METHODS
TSOD mice received either sterile distilled water (Control group) or linseed oil (Omega group), containing a high level of omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, orally for eight weeks. Mice were then irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) and three days later, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which is the primary outcome of skin barrier function, was measured and gross skin appearance was observed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Ki-67 immunostaining were performed on skin samples. mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory markers , , , and were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also performed fatty acid analysis of skin and erythrocytes by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis.
RESULTS
Compared with the Control group, the Omega group exhibited lower TEWL values and little skin erythema. Histological analysis revealed thinner epidermis and fewer Ki-67 positive cells. Additionally, in the Omega group, mRNA levels of four inflammation-related genes were lower, α-linolenic acid levels in both skin and erythrocytes were higher, and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio was observed. And α-linolenic acid levels in the skin were negatively correlated with the expression levels of inflammation-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Oral intake of linseed oil was found to inhibit skin barrier dysfunction in obesity. This effect was mediated by α-linolenic acid, a major component of linseed oil with anti-inflammatory properties, which was taken up by erythrocytes and supplied to the skin. Therefore, oral intake of linseed oil is expected to be a useful therapeutic method for skin barrier dysfunction in obesity.
PubMed: 38953090
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61392 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) to obtain oil from hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in northern...
Combined Effect of Protease, Hemicellulase and Pectinase on the Quality of Hemp Seed Oil (Cannabis sativa L.) Obtained by Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction as an Eco-friendly Method.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) to obtain oil from hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in northern Morocco. Optimisation of AEE extraction parameters, including pH, enzyme concentration (hemicellulase, protease and pectinase), temperature and incubation time, to maximize oil yield was achieved using response surface methodology with a central composite design. For comparison, the solvent extraction (Soxhlet) (SE) method was also used. Optimized hydrolysis conditions involved incubation for 4 hours at 60°C with a pH of 6.5, using a multi-enzyme preparation comprising protease, hemicellulase and pectinase at concentrations of 55, 202.5 and 234 U/mg, respectively. Referring to the conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE), Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) achieved a 30.65% oil recovery rate under the optimized parameters mentioned above. The use of enzymes produced an oil that was more stable against oxidation than the solvent-extracted oil, with a peroxide value (PV) of 19.54 and 47.87 meq O /kg, respectively. Furthermore, HPLC-DAD analysis of tocopherol content indicated a higher total tocopherol content (547.2 mg/kg) in Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction (AEE) compared to Soxhlet Extraction (SE) (513.51 mg/kg), with γ-tocopherol being the predominant form. No significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between the two extraction methods with linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid being the predominant constituents.
Topics: Cannabis; Polygalacturonase; Plant Oils; Glycoside Hydrolases; Seeds; Peptide Hydrolases; Hydrolysis; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Food Quality; Water; Tocopherols; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Temperature; Solvents; Green Chemistry Technology
PubMed: 38945925
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess24031 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value (POV). These CSOs contained abundant β-sitosterol, squalene, α-tocopherol and phenolics, in which the squalene was the distinct constituent with the content between 45.8±0.8 and 184.1±5.5 mg/kg. The β-sitosterol ranging from 143.7±4.8 to 1704.6±72.0 mg/kg contributed a considerable content to total accompaniments. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were present in these CSOs, in which the dominant fatty acid was oleic acid with the content between 59.66±0.72 and 82.89±2.16 g/100 g. The AV ranged from 0.1±0.0 to 1.3±0.0 mg KOH/g, and the POV was between 0.1±0.0 and 1.0±0.0 g/100 g. These CSOs showed antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Both α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol contents showed a positive correlation with DPPH and ABTS values, respectively, while the α-tocopherol content showed a negative correlation with AV. These results suggested that CSO can be categorized into high oleic acid vegetable oil with abundant active constituents, of which the quality presented variation among different origins. These accompaniments may contribute to the delay of its quality deterioration.
Topics: Camellia; Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Sitosterols; Seeds; Squalene; China; alpha-Tocopherol; Oleic Acid; Chemical Phenomena; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Phenols; Linoleic Acid; Peroxides
PubMed: 38945923
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23228 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Browning commonly appeared in apple processing, which varied in different apple varieties. Present work investigated the metabolomics of four varieties apple of Yataka,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Browning commonly appeared in apple processing, which varied in different apple varieties. Present work investigated the metabolomics of four varieties apple of Yataka, Gala, Sansa, and Fuji, which possessed different browning characteristics and related enzymes. Sansa as browning insensitive apple variety, exhibited the least chroma change with the lowest PPO activity and the highest SOD activity among the four apple varieties. Browning inhibition pretreatment increased the activity of SOD and PAL and decreased PPO and POD activity. In addition, metabolomic variances among the four apple varieties (FC), their browning pulp (BR) and browning inhibition pulp (CM) were compared. And the key metabolites were in-depth analyzed to match the relevant KEGG pathways and speculated metabolic networks. There were 487, 644, and 494 significant differential metabolites detected in FC, BR and CM, which were consisted of lipids, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, organheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, nucleosides, accounting for 23 %, 11 %, 15 %, 16 %, 11 % of the total metabolites. The differential metabolites were matched with 39, 49, and 36 KEGG pathways in FC, BR, and CM, respectively, in which other secondary metabolites biosynthesis metabolism was the most significant in FC, lipid metabolism was the most significant in BR and CM, and energy metabolism was markedly annotated in CM. Notably, Sansa displayed the highest number of differential metabolites in both its BR (484) and CM (342). The BR of Sansa was characterized by flavonoid biosynthesis, while the other three apple varieties were associated with α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, in browning sensitive apple varieties, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly activated by browning inhibition pretreatment. Phenolic compounds, lipids, sugars, organic acids, nucleotides, and adenosine were regulated differently in the four apple varieties, potentially serving as key regulatory sites. Overall, this work provides novel insight for browning prevention in different apple varieties.
Topics: Malus; Metabolomics; Fruit; Food Handling; Maillard Reaction
PubMed: 38945570
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114600 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jun 2024The postharvest physiological disorder known as 'black spot' in radish roots (Raphanus sativus) poses a significant challenge to quality maintenance during storage,...
INTRODUCTION
The postharvest physiological disorder known as 'black spot' in radish roots (Raphanus sativus) poses a significant challenge to quality maintenance during storage, particularly under summer conditions. The cause of this disorder, however, is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
Characterize the underlying causes of 'black spot' disorder in radish roots and identify strategies to delay its onset.
METHODS
Radish roots were placed in either polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or oriented polypropylene (OPP) packaging and stored for 4 days at 30 ℃. Appearance and physiological parameters were assessed and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify the key molecular and biochemical factors contributing to the disorder and strategies for delaying its onset and development.
RESULTS
OPP packaging effectively delayed the onset of 'black spot' in radishes, potentially due to changes in phenolic and lipid metabolism. Regarding phenolic metabolism, POD and PPO activity decreased, RsCCR and RsPOD expression was downregulated, genes involved in phenols and flavonoids synthesis were upregulated and their content increased, preventing the oxidative browning of phenols and generally enhancing stress tolerance. Regarding lipid metabolism, the level of alpha-linolenic acid increased, and genes regulating cutin and wax synthesis were upregulated. Notably, high flavonoid and low ROS levels collectively inhibited RsPLA2G expression, which reduced the production of arachidonic acid, pro-inflammatory compounds (LTA and PGG), and ROS, alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in radish epidermal tissues.
CONCLUSION
PVC packaging enhanced the postharvest onset of 'black spot' in radishes, while OPP packaging delayed both its onset and development. Our study provides insights into the response of radishes to different packaging materials during storage, and the causes and host responses that either enhance or delay 'black spot' disorder onset. Further studies will be conducted to confirm the molecular and biochemical processes responsible for the onset and development of 'black spot' in radishes.
PubMed: 38945295
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.026 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jun 2024It has been well-investigating that individual phthalates (PAEs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect public health. However, there is still a gap that the...
It has been well-investigating that individual phthalates (PAEs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect public health. However, there is still a gap that the mixture of PAEs and PAHs impacts birth outcomes. Through innovative methods for mixtures in epidemiology, we used a metabolome Exposome-Wide Association Study (mExWAS) to evaluate and explain the association between exposure to PAEs and PAHs mixtures and birth outcomes. Exposure to a higher level of PAEs and PAHs mixture was associated with lower birth weight (maximum cumulative effect: -143.5 g) rather than gestational age. Mono(2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (posterior inclusion probability, PIP =0.51), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPHE) (PIP =0.53), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR) (PIP =0.28) were identified as the most important compounds in the mixture. In mExWAS, we successfully annotated four overlapping metabolites associated with both MEHP/9-OHPHE/1-OHPYR and birth weight, including arginine, stearamide, Arg-Gln, and valine. Moreover, several lipid-related metabolism pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation, alpha-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism, were disturbed. In summary, these findings may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms by which PAE and PAHs affect fetal growth.
PubMed: 38945193
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124460 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Jun 2024Alternatives to conventional chemical treatments for parasitic diseases in fish are needed. Microalgal-sourced fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have shown an...
Alternatives to conventional chemical treatments for parasitic diseases in fish are needed. Microalgal-sourced fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have shown an antiparasitic effect against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection in guppies. Here, we tested a range of commercial FAEEs of various carbon chain lengths and unsaturation levels against two fish parasites. Guppies and barramundi infected with G. turnbulli and Trichodina sp., respectively, were used. The most effective FAEE, after excluding those toxic to fish, was ethyl laurate (12:0). For both parasites, the LD50 was 18.75 μM within 250 min of incubation. Ethyl eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3) was the next most effective FAEE against G. turnbulli, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ethyl ester (20:3n6) and ethyl α-linolenate (18:3n3) were the next most effective against Trichodina sp. In addition, FAEEs prepared from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum residue, after fucoxanthin extraction, were examined against Trichodina sp. infection in barramundi for the first time. LD85 and LD100 was achieved at 2.5 and 5 μL mL of the FAEE preparation, respectively. In vivo, immersion of infected barramundi in 1.25 μL mL of this preparation for 24 h reduced infection prevalence from 100% to 53% and was non-toxic to fish.
PubMed: 38943443
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13991 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024As a unconventional oil, perilla oil is much more expensive than conventional oils since it has the highest content of α-linolenic acid among vegetable oils. Thus the...
As a unconventional oil, perilla oil is much more expensive than conventional oils since it has the highest content of α-linolenic acid among vegetable oils. Thus the adulteration of perilla oil is serious, which needs to be solved. In this study, the single component oil in perilla oil blends were first quantitatively analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods. Soybean oil and palm oil were added into perilla oil to form binary and ternary perilla oil blends. Partial least squares (PLS), back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN), support vector regression (SVR) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were compared and the best model was selected for calibration. In order to improve the prediction performance of the calibration model, ten preprocessing methods and five variable selection methods were investigated. Results show that PLS was the best calibration method for binary and ternary perilla oil blends. For binary perilla oil blends, the correlation coefficients of prediction (R) obtained by PLS were both above 0.99, which does not need preprocessing and variable selection. For ternary perilla oil blends, after the best continuous wavelet transform (CWT) preprocessing and discretized whale optimization algorithm (WOA) variable selection, the R values obtained by the best model CWT-WOA-PLS were all above 0.97. This research provides a common framework for calibration of perilla oil blends, which maybe a promising method for quality control of perilla oil in industry.
PubMed: 38936207
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124710 -
International Journal of Food Sciences... Jun 2024The current prebirth cohort study investigated the association between maternal intake of specific types of fatty acids during pregnancy and adolescent depressive...
The current prebirth cohort study investigated the association between maternal intake of specific types of fatty acids during pregnancy and adolescent depressive symptoms based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Subjects were 873 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The risk of depressive symptoms was 23.3% among the 873 adolescents at 13 years of age. Higher maternal saturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy was independently associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Maternal intake of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and cholesterol during pregnancy was not significantly related to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Higher maternal intake of saturated fatty acids during pregnancy may be inversely associated with adolescent depressive symptoms.
PubMed: 38932430
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2370351