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International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024In India, fish roes are generally considered worthless garbage and disposed of without recovering the valuable molecules, creating environmental and disposal problems....
In India, fish roes are generally considered worthless garbage and disposed of without recovering the valuable molecules, creating environmental and disposal problems. The present investigation aimed to optimize the extraction conditions, partial purification, and characterization of sialoglycoproteins (RRSGP) from Labeo rohita (rohu) roes. RSM generated optimum conditions for maximum RRSGP (70.49 %) extraction, which were 1.25 M NaCl, 1:32.5(w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio, 47.5 °C temperature, and 3 h. Further, sialoglycoproteins from RRSGPs were partially purified, and result revealed that obtained peak-1 (PRRSGP) using QFF anion exchange chromatography exhibited higher glycoprotein and sialic acid content (p < 0.05). SDS-PAGE pattern of PRRSGP presented dominant bands of 97 kDa and 27 kDa glycoproteins. FTIR spectrum of PRRSGP confirmed the presence of glycated proteins. HPLC analysis revealed that PRRSGP consists of Neu5Ac. Furthermore, β-elimination reaction elucidated that PRRSGP contained N-glycosidic linkage. PRRSGP exhibited tyrosine and glutamate as primary amino acids. Glycan part of PRRSGP presented mannose and N-acetyl galactosamine as dominant neutral and amino sugar, respectively. Furthermore, PRRSGP exhibited antioxidant activity with EC value for DPPH (8.79 mg/ml) and ABTS (2.21 mg/ml). Besides, RRSGP displayed better protein solubility, foaming, and emulsion properties. Therefore, rohu roes are potential source of sialoglycoproteins that can be recovered and used as bio-functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications.
PubMed: 38942403
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133462 -
Metabolomics : Official Journal of the... Jun 2024Exploring metabolic changes within host E. coli through an untargeted metabolomic study of T7L variants overexpression to optimize engineered endolysins for...
INTRODUCTION
Exploring metabolic changes within host E. coli through an untargeted metabolomic study of T7L variants overexpression to optimize engineered endolysins for clinical/therapeutic use.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This study aims to assess the impact of overexpressing T7L variants on the metabolic profiles of E. coli. The two variants considered include T7L-H37A, which has enhanced lytic activity compared to its wild-type protein, and T7L-H48K, a dead mutant with no significant activity.
METHODS
H NMR-based metabolomics was employed to compare the metabolic profiles of E. coli cells overexpressing T7L wild-type protein and its variants.
RESULTS
Overexpression of the T7L wild-type (T7L-WT) protein and its variants (T7L-H48K and T7L-H37A) was compared to RNAP overexpression in E. coli cells using H NMR-based metabolomics, analyzing a total of 75 annotated metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and nucleic acids. The results showed distinct clustering patterns for the two T7L variant groups compared with the WT, in which the dead mutant (H48K) group showed clustering close to that of RNAP. Pathway impact analysis revealed different effects of T7L variants on E. coli metabolic profiles, with T7L-H48K showing minimal alterations in energy and amino acid pathways linked to osmotic stress compared to noticeable alterations in these pathways for both T7L-H37A and T7L-WT.
CONCLUSIONS
This study uncovered distinct metabolic fingerprints when comparing the overexpression of active and inactive mutants of T7L lytic enzymes in E. coli cells. These findings could contribute to the optimization and enhancement of suitable endolysins as potential alternatives to antibiotics.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Viral Proteins; Bacteriophage T7; Mutation; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
PubMed: 38941046
DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02133-y -
JACS Au Jun 2024The first total synthesis of the repeating units of the -antigens of ATCC 27577, O10, and O19 was achieved via a linear glycosylation strategy. This also represents the...
The first total synthesis of the repeating units of the -antigens of ATCC 27577, O10, and O19 was achieved via a linear glycosylation strategy. This also represents the first synthesis of an oligosaccharide containing an α-linked -acetyl-l-galactosaminuronic acid (l-GalNAcA) unit. All of the glycosyl linkages, including three challenging 1,2--glycosidic bonds of amino sugars, were effectively constructed with high to exclusive stereoselectivity, while orthogonal protection tactics were employed to facilitate regioselective glycosylations and the introduction of a variety of functionalities. An acetyl group migration phenomenon was found during the synthesis of the -acylated repeating unit of the ATCC 27577 antigen. All synthetic targets carried an amino functional group in the linker at the reducing end, thus facilitating further regioselective elaboration and biological studies. The synthetic strategy established here should be useful for the preparation of other similar oligosaccharides.
PubMed: 38938791
DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00321 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of childhood and adolescence, showing a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. A study...
BACKGROUND
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of childhood and adolescence, showing a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. A study indicated that the composition of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota changed in T1DM. However, no studies have yet associated the changes between the microbiomes of the oropharyngeal and intestinal sites, nor between the flora and clinical indicators. In this study, we examined the composition and characteristics of oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in patients with T1DM in compared to healthy children. We identified correlations between oropharyngeal and intestinal flora and evaluated their association with clinical laboratory tests in patients with T1DM.
METHODS
The oropharyngeal and fecal samples from 13 T1DM and 20 healthy children were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. The associations between microbes and microorganisms in oropharyngeal and fecal ecological niches, as well as the correlation between these and clinical indicators were further analyzed.
RESULTS
It was revealed that T1DM children had distinct microbiological characteristics, and the dominant oropharyngeal microbiota genus included Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria; that of intestinal microbiota included Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium_hallii_group. Furthermore, oropharyngeal Staphylococcus was significantly positively correlated with intestinal norank_f__Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus_torques_group in TIDM children. Moreover, in these children, differential genes in oropharyngeal and intestinal samples were enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid generation, fatty acid metabolism, and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. Additionally, correlation analysis between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiome with laboratory tests showed significant correlations between several bacterial taxa in the oropharynx and intestines and glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide.
CONCLUSION
Unique microbial characteristics were found in the oropharynx and intestine in children with T1DM compared to healthy children. Positive correlations were found between changes in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in children with T1DM. Associations between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiota and laboratory investigations in children with T1DM suggest that the composition of the oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in children with T1DM may have some impact on glycemic control.
PubMed: 38938502
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1382466 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024High-mountain green tea, where the first new leaf hasn't yet unfurled, is prized for perceived superior quality, but this hasn't yet been verified by experimentation....
Are there any differences in the quality of high-mountain green tea before and after the first new leaves unfold? A comprehensive study based on E-sensors, whole metabolomics and sensory evaluation.
High-mountain green tea, where the first new leaf hasn't yet unfurled, is prized for perceived superior quality, but this hasn't yet been verified by experimentation. Electronic sensors, whole metabolomics and sensory evaluation were employed to assess the quality of yymj (tea buds with a newly unfurled leaf) and qymj (tea buds without new leaves). The qymj proved to have significant advantages in aroma, color and shape, but still had some shortcomings in umami, bitterness and sourness. Differences in the content of volatile organic compounds (including alcohols, hydrocarbons and lipids) and nonvolatile organic compounds (flavonoids, amino acids, sugars, and phenolic acids) quality of high-mountain green teas with different maturity levels and provides well explained these quality differences. This study establishes a systematic approach to study the quality of high-mountain green tea at different maturity levels, and provides important reference information for consumers, governments and tea farmers.
PubMed: 38936125
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140119 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Jun 2024Climate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long-term soil...
Climate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long-term soil warming (>14 years, +4°C) on the fine root metabolome across three seasons for 2 years in an old spruce forest, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform for primary metabolite analysis. A total of 44 primary metabolites were identified in roots (19 amino acids, 12 organic acids and 13 sugars). Warming increased the concentration of total amino acids and of total sugars by 15% and 21%, respectively, but not organic acids. We found that soil warming and sampling date, along with their interaction, directly influenced the primary metabolite profiles. Specifically, in warming plots, concentrations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, mannose, ribose, fructose, glucose and oxaloacetic acid increased by 51.4%, 19.9%, 21.5%, 19.3%, 22.1%, 23.0%, 38.0%, 40.7%, 19.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Rather than being driven by single compounds, changes in metabolite profiles reflected a general up- or downregulation of most metabolic pathway network. This emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in investigating root metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of climate change on tree root metabolism.
PubMed: 38935880
DOI: 10.1111/pce.15019 -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Jun 2024This study was designed to compare the effects of four meal patterns on liver steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical factors in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver...
The effects of meal patterns on liver steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
This study was designed to compare the effects of four meal patterns on liver steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical factors in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS
The 12-week intervention was performed on 123 patients with NAFLD who were randomly allocated into four groups: "3-meals", "skipping breakfast", "skipping dinner", and " 3 meals and 3 snacks per day." group. The assessment of liver steatosis, fibrosis, biochemical factors, and anthropometrical evaluation were performed at baseline and at end of the study.
RESULTS
A significant improvement was found in the liver steatosis and fibrosis among the patients who consumed 3 meals, 3 snacks compared to the other groups ( < 0.001). In addition, a higher reduction was observed in serum levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT) (20.93 ± 23.37 mg/dl, < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (17.15 ± 16.48 mg/dl, < 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT) (13.43 ± 13.41 mg/dl; < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) (47.19 ± 60.51 mg/dl; = 0.004) in patients who consumed 3 meals, 3 snacks, while the concentration of liver enzymes in patients who consumed 3 meals increased significantly. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in the fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentration in the "skipping breakfast" group (17.51 ± 38.85 mg/dl; = 0.011) and "3-meals" group (17.51 ± 38.85 mg/dl, = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
Consuming 3 meals, 3 snack per day significantly improves disease severity and biochemical factors in NAFLD patients. Further studies are warranted.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
: IRCT20201010048982N2. Name of the registry: Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Date of registration: 2021-08-22, 1400/05/31. URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20201010048982N2.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01375-2.
PubMed: 38932893
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01375-2 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic () Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial.
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while can promote beneficial health effects.
METHODS
It is a controlled, randomized, and single-blind clinical trial. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly separated into two groups: symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum flakes; and the control group (CG), which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn flakes for seven weeks.
RESULTS
The uremic toxins decreased, and gastrointestinal symptoms improved intragroup in the SG group. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production increased intragroup in the SG group. Regarding α-diversity, the Chao1 index was enhanced in the SG intragroup. The KEGG analysis revealed that symbiotic meal increased the intragroup energy and amino sugar metabolism, in addition to enabling essential amino acid production and metabolism, sucrose degradation, and the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide metabolic pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
The consumption of symbiotic meal reduced BMI, improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and gastrointestinal symptoms, increased diversity according to the Chao1 index, and reduced uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease patients.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Probiotics; Sorghum; Male; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Middle Aged; Single-Blind Method; Bifidobacterium longum; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Biomarkers; Aged; Dysbiosis; Adult; Intestines
PubMed: 38931207
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121852 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity worldwide, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigated the phytochemical...
Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity worldwide, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and potential of grape seed extract (GSE) to mitigate salinity stress effects on faba bean plants. GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive components in GSE, predominantly fatty acids. GSE was rich in essential nutrients and possessed a high antioxidant capacity. After 14 days of germination, GSE was applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. Foliar application of 2-8 g/L GSE significantly enhanced growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of salt-stressed bean plants compared to the control. The Fv/Fm ratio, indicating photosynthetic activity, also improved with GSE treatment under salinity stress compared to the control. GSE effectively alleviated the oxidative stress induced by salinity, reducing malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, praline, and glycine betaine levels. Total soluble proteins, amino acids, and sugars were enhanced in GSE-treated, salt-stressed plants. GSE treatment under salinity stress modulated the total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant responses, and enzyme activities such as peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase compared to salt-stressed plants. Gene expression analysis revealed GSE (6 g/L) upregulated photosynthesis (chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of LHCII type 1-like () and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like ()) and carbohydrate metabolism (cell wall invertase I () genes) while downregulating stress response genes (ornithine aminotransferase () and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 ()) in salt-stressed bean plants. The study demonstrates GSE's usefulness in mitigating salinity stress effects on bean plants by modulating growth, physiology, and gene expression patterns, highlighting its potential as a natural approach to enhance salt tolerance.
PubMed: 38931028
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121596 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Achyranthes bidentata (AR) is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of hypertension and cerebral ischemia, but its pharmacological effects are not known.
Characterization of the Components and Metabolites of Achyranthes Bidentata in the Plasma and Brain Tissue of Rats Based on Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS).
BACKGROUND
Achyranthes bidentata (AR) is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of hypertension and cerebral ischemia, but its pharmacological effects are not known.
AIM OF STUDY
We aimed to detect and accurately identify the components and metabolites of AR in the plasma and brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats.
METHODS
We employed ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) to detect AR components in the plasma and brain tissue of rats. The absorption and metabolites in the plasma and brain tissue of normal control rats and rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were characterized and compared.
RESULTS
A total of 281 compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanes, sugars and glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, amino acids, and peptides, was identified in samples of Achyranthes bidentata (TCM-AR). Four types of absorbable prototype components and 48 kinds of metabolites were identified in rats in the normal control plasma group which were given AR (AR plasma group), and five kinds of metabolites were identified in rats of the normal control brain tissue group which were given AR (AR brain group). Three absorbed prototype components and 13 metabolites were identified in the plasma of rats which underwent MCAO and were given AR (MCAO + AR plasma group). Six absorbed prototype components and two metabolites were identified in the brain tissue of rats who underwent MCAO and were administered AR (MCAO + AR brain group). These results showed that, after the oral administration of AR, the number of identified components in plasma was more than that in brain tissue. The number of prototype components in the AR plasma group was higher than that in the MCAO + AR plasma group, which may indicate that metabolite absorption in rats undergoing MCAO was worse. The number of prototype components in the MCAO + AR brain group was higher than that in the AR brain group, indicating that the blood-brain barrier was destroyed after MCAO, resulting in more compounds entering brain tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
UHPLC-HR-MS was used to rapidly analyze the components and metabolites of AR in the blood and brain of rats under normal and pathologic conditions, and to comprehensively characterize the components of TCM-AR. We also analyzed and compared the absorbable components and metabolites of normal rats under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to explore the potential mechanism of action. This method could be applied to various Chinese herbs and disease models, which could promote TCM modernization.
Topics: Animals; Achyranthes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Rats; Brain; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Flavonoids; Alkaloids
PubMed: 38930905
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122840