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American Family Physician Feb 2024
Topics: United States; Humans; Fissure in Ano; Rectum; Colon; Societies; Surgeons
PubMed: 38393814
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Translational... May 2024This real-world US-based claims study compared constipation-related symptoms and complications 6 months before and after prucalopride initiation in adults with chronic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
This real-world US-based claims study compared constipation-related symptoms and complications 6 months before and after prucalopride initiation in adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).
METHODS
This observational, retrospective cohort analysis used the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database and the Medicare Supplemental Database (January 2015-June 2020). Prucalopride-treated patients (≥18 years old) who had ≥1 constipation-related International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-10-CM ) diagnosis code during the baseline or study period were included. The proportions of patients with constipation-related symptoms (abdominal pain, abdominal distension [gaseous], incomplete defecation, and nausea) and constipation-related complications (anal fissure and fistula, intestinal obstruction, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, perianal venous thrombosis, perianal/perirectal abscess, and rectal bleeding) were examined. Constipation-related symptoms and complications were identified using ICD-10-CM , ICD-10 - Procedure Coding System , or Current Procedural Terminology codes. Data were stratified by age (overall, 18-64 years, and ≥65 years).
RESULTS
This study included 690 patients: The mean (SD) patient age was 48.0 (14.7) years, and 87.5% were women. The proportions of patients overall with constipation-related symptoms decreased 6 months after prucalopride initiation (abdominal pain [50.4% vs 33.3%, P < 0.001]; abdominal distension [gaseous] [23.9% vs 13.3%, P < 0.001]; and nausea [22.6% vs 17.7%, P < 0.01]; no improvements observed for incomplete defecation). Similarly, the proportions of patients overall with constipation-related complications decreased 6 months after prucalopride initiation (intestinal obstruction [4.9% vs 2.0%, P < 0.001]; hemorrhoids [10.7% vs 7.0%, P < 0.05]; and rectal bleeding [4.1% vs 1.7%, P < 0.05]).
DISCUSSION
This study suggests that prucalopride may be associated with improved constipation-related symptoms and complications 6 months after treatment initiation.
Topics: Humans; Constipation; Benzofurans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; United States; Retrospective Studies; Chronic Disease; Aged; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Adolescent; Abdominal Pain; Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 38357940
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000687 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Feb 2024Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) has been the gold standard for treating chronic anal fissure (CAF) that persists despite other measures. The authors aim to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) has been the gold standard for treating chronic anal fissure (CAF) that persists despite other measures. The authors aim to evaluate the effects of the close method (CLIS) of performing LIS as compared to the open method (OLIS).
METHODS
Databases were searched for relevant studies and results were screened to identify eligible articles, and all concerned outcomes were pooled as odd ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% CI in the meta-analysis models using RevMan 5.4.
RESULTS
Pooled data from 16 trials with 1,711 patients with idiopathic CAF showed that the CLIS has significant lower risk of delayed fissure healing [OR: 0.28, 95% CI (0.10, 0.77), = 0.01], duration of hospital stay [MD: -0.82 with 95% CI (-1.07, -0.57), < 0.00001] and postoperative visual analogue pain score (VAPS) at 24 h [MD: -0.30 with 95% CI (-0.39, -0.21), < 0.00001]. Also, the risk of overall complications [OR: 0.33 with 95% CI (0.19, 0.55), < 0.0001], incontinence [OR: 0.28 with 95% CI (0.20, 0.38), < 0.00001], and postoperative pain [OR: 0.56 with 95% CI (0.35, 0.91), = 0.02] was significantly lower with CLIS.
CONCLUSION
CLIS is a safer option than OLIS for treating anal fissure. The risk of delayed fissure healing, incontinence, post-op pain and overall complication was significantly lower. However, the risk of surgical site infection, postoperative bleeding and recurrence did not differ. Future research with more prolonged follow-up is necessary to document recurrence reliably.
PubMed: 38333259
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001593 -
Cureus Feb 2024Introduction Haemorrhoids and anal fissures (HAF) are common in pregnancy and can severely affect the quality of life of those suffering from them. Despite the condition...
Introduction Haemorrhoids and anal fissures (HAF) are common in pregnancy and can severely affect the quality of life of those suffering from them. Despite the condition being common, there is limited evidence, formal guidelines or recommendations on treatment, and little is known about the natural course during pregnancy. Methods This was a prospective, observational cohort study conducted at a tertiary-referral university maternity hospital (The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin), conducted over a nine-month period. The first part of the study was a case-control study of antenatal patients over 34 weeks' gestation. The second part of the study involved a cohort of postnatal patients. Anonymous patient surveys were performed and analysed. Results Two hundred and fifty-eight patients were recruited into the study from the outpatient clinics and wards of one maternity hospital from April to December 2021. Of the antenatal patients, 82/184 (45%) of these patients had symptoms of HAF and 102/184 (55%) antenatal patients were unaffected, acting as controls. In addition, 74 affected postnatal patients were also included. In the affected antenatal group, 36/82 (44%) of patients had self-reported HAF (symptoms or signs of HAF); 50/82 (61%) of patients diagnosed with HAF on their own. 12/82 (15%) noticed symptoms in the first trimester, 25/82 (30%) in the second and 45/82 (55%) in the third. 142/184 (77%) of antenatal patients used conservative methods to manage their symptoms, including an increase in dietary fibre. 144/184 (78%) used medical treatments including suppositories. Only one patient had surgery. 70/156 (45%) of postnatal patients' symptoms resolved within days, 42/156 (27%) in weeks and 44/156 (28%) within months. Conclusion HAF affect almost half of the pregnancies. Age over 35 was significantly associated with antenatal haemorrhoids or anal fissures. Concerningly, the majority of patients (64%) self-diagnose and manage the condition without either seeking or receiving guidance from medical professionals. In terms of the natural course of the disease, it was encouraging that 45% of patients' symptoms resolved within a few days. This will help when counselling patients with distressing symptoms. Conservative measures such as increased dietary fibre, increased fluid intake and bath salts were effective in relieving symptoms for the majority of patients.
PubMed: 38327723
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53773 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin is an alternative treatment for anal fissures, which may present less risk of fecal incontinence than more...
Background Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin is an alternative treatment for anal fissures, which may present less risk of fecal incontinence than more invasive procedures, such as lateral internal sphincterotomy. The aim is to compare cure and complication rates between these two treatments. Methods We conducted a retrospective audit of patients who underwent treatment of anal fissures with intrasphincteric botulinum toxin or lateral internal sphincterotomy from 2016 to 2020 at the Colorectal Surgery Unit of Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia, excluding those who had previously had either procedure. Results Fifty-one patients received intrasphincteric botulinum toxin, and 40 patients underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. Most patients in the botulinum group had a total dose of either 80 (53%; n=27) or 100 units (37%; n=19) and had the dose administered bilaterally at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions (n=41; 80%). Thirty-one patients in the botulinum group (61%) had complete resolution of symptoms, with a mean time to cure of two months, compared to 36 patients (90%) in the sphincterotomy group with a mean time to cure of 1.5 months. In most cases, postoperative incontinence was transient, although one patient in the botulinum group had persistent incontinence of flatus, and two patients in the sphincterotomy group had persistent fecal incontinence. Conclusion Intrasphincteric botulinum injection is an effective, less-invasive alternative to sphincterotomy for the treatment of anal fissures, with incontinence usually temporary when it occurs. Further research is needed to optimize the dose and location of injection and guide future recommendations.
PubMed: 38327720
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53668 -
BJS Open Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy; Fissure in Ano; Botulinum Toxins
PubMed: 38323879
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad156 -
Australian Journal of General Practice 2024Anal fissure (AF) is the second most common anorectal complaint in healthcare settings. The presentation might be acute or chronic, characterised by severe pain with...
BACKGROUND
Anal fissure (AF) is the second most common anorectal complaint in healthcare settings. The presentation might be acute or chronic, characterised by severe pain with defaecation that persists for one to two hours. Non-surgical and surgical interventions are available based on the severity and persistence of the fissure.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of AF under current guidelines.
DISCUSSION
The aetiology of AF is unclear, although it is commonly associated with local trauma or associated chronic conditions. Acute AF is first treated with conservative therapy, including dietary fibre and sitz baths. Addition of topical nitrates, topical calcium channel blockers or botulinum toxin injection is indicated with failure of conservative treatment or at medical discretion. Surgical options are considered if AF persists despite treatment. Most present as hypertonic, but special consideration is needed for hypotonic or secondary presentations.
Topics: Humans; Fissure in Ano; Calcium Channel Blockers; Nitrates; Pain; Conservative Treatment
PubMed: 38316476
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP/05-23-6843 -
Journal of Integrative and... Feb 2024To investigate the efficacy and safety of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in treating hemorrhoids compared with placebo. This is a double-blind, randomized...
To investigate the efficacy and safety of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in treating hemorrhoids compared with placebo. This is a double-blind, randomized (1:1), two parallel arms, placebo-controlled trial. The trial was conducted at the surgery outpatient department of the State National Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients were 140 women and men, aged between 18 and 65 years, with a diagnosis of primary hemorrhoids grades I-III for at least 3 months. Excluded were the patients with grade IV hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and fistula, hypertrophic anal papillae, inflammatory bowel disease, coagulation disorders, rectal malignancies, obstructed portal circulation, patients requiring immediate surgical intervention, and vulnerable samples. Patients were randomized to Group 1 ( = 70; IHMs plus concomitant care; verum) and Group 2 ( = 70; placebos plus concomitant care; control). Primary-the anorectal symptom severity and quality-of-life (ARSSQoL) questionnaire, and secondary-the EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS); all of them were measured at baseline, and every month, up to 3 months. Out of the 140 randomized patients, 122 were protocol compliant. Intention-to-treat sample ( = 140) was analyzed. The level of significance was set at < 0.05 two tailed. Statistically significant between-group differences were elicited in the ARSSQoL total (Mann-Whitney [MWU]: 1227.0, < 0.001) and EQ-5D-5L VAS (MWU: 1228.0, = 0.001) favoring homeopathy against placebos. was the most frequently prescribed medicine. No harm or serious adverse events were reported from either of the groups. IHMs demonstrated superior results over placebo in the short-term treatment of hemorrhoids of grades I-III. The findings are promising, but need to be substantiated by further phase 3 trials. Clinical Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2020/03/024342.
PubMed: 38301138
DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0228 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Fissure in Ano; Ulcer
PubMed: 38278197
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.010 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024This longitudinal study aimed to assess the quality of life in patients with anal fissures treated with botulinum toxin (Botox) injections over a one-year period. The...
This longitudinal study aimed to assess the quality of life in patients with anal fissures treated with botulinum toxin (Botox) injections over a one-year period. The study hypothesized that Botox injections would significantly improve quality of life and that these improvements would be sustained over a year. Conducted as a cross-sectional study, it assessed adults diagnosed with chronic anal fissures unresponsive to conventional treatments. Participants received 25 U of Botox in two sessions and their quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, COPE-60, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and SF-36 surveys. Data were collected at baseline six months and one year post-treatment. The study involved 113 patients, with a mean age of 38.1 years. Significant improvements were observed in the WHOQOL-BREF scores across all domains from baseline to 12 months (physical domain: 49.4 ± 10.5 to 70.2 ± 10.6, < 0.001; mental domain: 34.8 ± 11.2 to 61.9 ± 11.5, < 0.001). SF-36 scores also showed significant enhancements in physical and mental health components (physical: 44.3 ± 7.5 to 56.9 ± 5.9, < 0.001; mental: 41.1 ± 7.2 to 54.4 ± 6.3, < 0.001). Additionally, significant improvements were noted in patient perception on quality of life from the perspective of various aspects including physical discomfort, pain management, and mood and emotional well-being. The study demonstrated that Botox injections significantly improved the quality of life in patients with chronic anal fissures, with sustained benefits observed over a year. These findings suggest Botox as an effective treatment modality for enhancing life quality in patients with this condition, highlighting the potential for broader applications in managing chronic anal fissures.
PubMed: 38256449
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020316