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BMC Oral Health May 2024Understanding the tooth anatomy is crucial for ensuring effective endodontic treatment. This study investigated the root canal morphology of the second mesiobuccal (MB2)...
BACKGROUND
Understanding the tooth anatomy is crucial for ensuring effective endodontic treatment. This study investigated the root canal morphology of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in maxillary first molars (MFMs) in a Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS
This study evaluated 486 MFMs with MB2 canals from 285 participants undergoing CBCT examination and determined the Vertucci's classification and position of the MB2 canal orifice. The prevalence of the MB2 canal was correlated with the sex, age, and tooth side. The correlations between the prevalence of the MB2 canal and sex and tooth side were assessed using the Fisher's exact test. The chi-square test was used for evaluating the correlation between the prevalence of the MB2 canal and age.
RESULTS
The number of type II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and other root canals in the MFMs was 30.9%, 0.6%, 65.0%, 1.2%, 1.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%, respectively. Among the 201 cases with bilateral inclusion, 87.6% showed consistent canal configuration. Results of the first clear apparent position (FCAP) of the MB2 canals showed that 434, 44, and 3 teeth had FCAP at the upper, middle, and bottom one-third of the root, respectively. The FCAPs of the MB2 canal in the MFMs with types II, IV, and VI, as well as types III and V canals showed significant differences (p<0.05). The horizontal distance between the MB1 and MB2 canal orifices in the type II canals of MFMs was significantly lesser than those in the type IV canals of MFMs (p < 0.01). The longitudinal distance between the pulp chamber floor plane and MB2 canal orifice significantly correlated with age (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The morphology of the mesiobuccal root canal in the MFMs is complex. Complete understanding of the anatomical morphology of the root canal combined with the CBCT and dental operating microscope is necessary for the accurate detection of the MB2 canal and consequently improved success rate of root canal treatment. Our study findings can help endodontists improve endodontic treatment outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Molar; Male; Female; Adult; Dental Pulp Cavity; Middle Aged; Maxilla; China; Adolescent; Aged; Young Adult; East Asian People
PubMed: 38745216
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04363-x -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2024Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Technical difficulties with right adrenal vein (RAV) catheterization can lead to...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Technical difficulties with right adrenal vein (RAV) catheterization can lead to erroneous results. Our purpose was to delineate the location of the RAV on pre-procedural CT imaging in relation to the location identified during AVS and to report on the impact of successful RAV cannulation with and without the use of intra-procedural CT scanning.
METHODS
Retrospective case series including patients who underwent AVS from October 2000 to September 2022. Clinical and laboratory values were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Successful cannulation of the RAV was defined as a selectivity index > 3.
RESULTS
110 patients underwent 124 AVS procedures. Pre-AVS CT imaging was available for 118 AVS procedures. The RAV was identified in 61 (51.7%) CT datasets. Biochemical confirmation of successful RAV cannulation occurred in 98 (79.0%) of 124 AVS procedures. There were 52 (85.2%) procedures in which the RAV was identified on pre-AVS CT and there was biochemical confirmation of successful RAV sampling. Among these 52 procedures, the RAV was localized during AVS at the same anatomic level or within 1 vertebral body level cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT in 98.1% of cases. The rate of successful RAV cannulation was higher in patients who underwent intra-procedural CT (93.8% versus 63.9%), P < 0.01.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-AVS and intra-procedural CT images provide an invaluable roadmap that resulted in a higher rate of accurate identification of the RAV and successful AVS procedures; in particular, search for the RAV orifice during AVS can be limited to 1 vertebral body cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT imaging and successful cannulation can be confidently verified with intra-procedural CT.
PubMed: 38740580
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04321-9 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2024Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery has gained acceptance worldwide. Comparative analysis has demonstrated that endoscopic skull base surgery may have advantages for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery has gained acceptance worldwide. Comparative analysis has demonstrated that endoscopic skull base surgery may have advantages for many pathologies of the anterior skull base, e. g., sinonasal malignant tumors; pathologies of the central skull base, e. g., pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas; well-selected cases of planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae meningiomas; or for clival lesions, e. g., chordomas, chondrosarcomas, or selected meningiomas. Over the past three decades, interdisciplinary surgical teams, consisting of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, have provided detailed anatomical knowledge, suggested new approaches or modifications of established surgical techniques, and offered continued surgical education.
METHOD
A review of pertinent literature was conducted with an emphasis on interdisciplinary endoscopic surgery of skull base lesions.
RESULTS
Based on the authors̓ surgical experience in two different interdisciplinary endoscopic skull base centers, the authors classify approaches for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery, describe indications, and key anatomic landmarks for common pathologies, and highlight surgical techniques to avoid complications.
CONCLUSION
Interdisciplinary endonasal endoscopic surgery combines surgical expertise, improves resection rates for many pathologies, and minimizes morbidity by reducing the incidence of surgical complications.
Topics: Skull Base Neoplasms; Humans; Endoscopy; Patient Care Team; Skull Base; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Interdisciplinary Communication
PubMed: 38697142
DOI: 10.1055/a-2196-8984 -
Journal of Gynecologic Surgery Apr 2024This article provides a systematic approach to performing a vaginal natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) sacrocolpopexy (SCP) to create an...
Transvaginally Adjustable Apical Suspension and Compartment-Specific Tensioning in Vaginal Natural-Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Sacrocolpopexy: Cadaveric and Live Patient Experience.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides a systematic approach to performing a vaginal natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) sacrocolpopexy (SCP) to create an anatomically aligned vaginal axis, an intraoperatively adjustable apical suspension, and variable compartment tensioning.
METHODS
The technique presented for vNOTES SCP focuses on: (1) retroperitoneal tunneling; (2) direct sacrum access below the S-1 level, using uterosacral-ligament guidance; (3) transvaginal tensioning of the mesh to ensure both adequate vaginal length and cuff elevation using the DZOH apical-suspension technique; (4) circumvention of intrapelvic laparoscopic suturing; and (5) near-total peritoneal coverage of the mesh arms.
RESULTS
This detailed description of a successful novel technique to perform vNOTES SCP was based on cadaveric experience as well as in live patients that is reproducible on living patients.
CONCLUSIONS
This apical suspension technique for vNOTES SCP may be a viable, reproducible, safe, and efficient transvaginal alternative to the commonly practiced minimally invasive approaches that involve abdominal-port placements. (J GYNECOL SURG 40:116).
PubMed: 38690153
DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2023.0120 -
International Endodontic Journal Apr 2024To describe the management of the palato-mesiobuccal (PMB) canal in maxillary second molars with fused roots using conventional techniques.
AIM
To describe the management of the palato-mesiobuccal (PMB) canal in maxillary second molars with fused roots using conventional techniques.
SUMMARY
Root canal treatment success hinges upon effectively addressing the intricate and variable anatomy of molar teeth. Failure to do so can lead to persistent infections and treatment failure. Recent advancements in imaging technologies have provided unparalleled insights into dental anatomy, especially in molars. Among these discoveries is the PMB canal, a unique anatomical variant recently reported for the first time in Endodontic literature. This canal, found in maxillary second molars with fused roots and originating from the coronal third of the palatal canal while traversing towards the mesiobuccal root presents challenges in clinical management due to its location. This article is the first to showcase the management of the PMB canal using conventional techniques. In the first case, a 38-year-old male patient presented with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the maxillary second right molar. Following thorough instrumentation and irrigation, the presence of the PMB canal was discovered during root canal preparation. The canal was managed using rotary instruments and obturated successfully, resulting in a symptom-free tooth at an 8-year follow-up. The second case illustrates a similar scenario in a 23-year-old female patient presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in tooth 17. The PMB canal was identified during treatment and managed using rotary nickel-titanium instruments, leading to a favourable outcome at a 9-year follow-up.
KEY LEARNING POINTS
In fused roots of maxillary second molars, a PMB canal might be expected. Exploration of the buccal wall of the palatal canal under magnification after shaping procedures can reveal the PMB canal orifice in fused roots. Small tapers are suggested for the enlargement of the PMB canal. Continuous bleeding spots in the palatal canal might indicate a possible PMB canal orifice in vital cases. The use of an apex locator is suggested for the differential diagnosis of the PMB canal orifice from a perforation site.
PubMed: 38687130
DOI: 10.1111/iej.14076 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024The objective of this work was to study the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of the three species of big cats (leopard, lion, and cheetah) compared to the domestic cat...
An Anatomical Study Using Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Rhinoscopy of the Nasal Cavity of Domestic Cat ( L.) and Big Cats: Lion ( L.), Leopard ( L.), and Cheetah ( S.).
The objective of this work was to study the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of the three species of big cats (leopard, lion, and cheetah) compared to the domestic cat through the use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy. Computed tomography allowed us to clearly visualize the entire bony and cartilaginous framework that supports the nasal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted better visualization of the soft tissues of this cavity. On the other hand, rhinoscopy enabled the direct visualization of the mucosa of the vestibule and nasal cavity, which is very useful in the diagnosis of masses or foreign bodies. Furthermore, with this technique, it has been possible to observe several small orifices from the nasolacrimal duct, the pharyngeal auditory tube, and the lateral nasal gland. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy are useful tools in analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity in these species.
PubMed: 38672320
DOI: 10.3390/ani14081172 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024We have demonstrated in canines that somatic nerve transfer to vesical branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) can be used for bladder reinnervation after...
We have demonstrated in canines that somatic nerve transfer to vesical branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) can be used for bladder reinnervation after spinal root injury. Yet, the complex anatomy of the IHP hinders the clinical application of this repair strategy. Here, using human cadavers, we clarify the spatial relationships of the vesical branches of the IHP and nearby pelvic ganglia, with the ureteral orifice of the bladder. Forty-four pelvic regions were examined in 30 human cadavers. Gross post-mortem and intra-operative approaches (open anterior abdominal, manual laparoscopic, and robot-assisted) were used. Nerve branch distances and diameters were measured after thorough visual inspection and gentle dissection, so as to not distort tissue. The IHP had between 1 to 4 vesical branches (2.33 ± 0.72, mean ± SD) with average diameters of 0.51 ± 0.06 mm. Vesical branches from the IHP arose from a grossly visible pelvic ganglion in 93% of cases (confirmed histologically). The pelvic ganglion was typically located 7.11 ± 6.11 mm posterolateral to the ureteral orifice in 69% of specimens. With this in-depth characterization, vesical branches from the IHP can be safely located both posterolateral to the ureteral orifice and emanating from a more proximal ganglionic enlargement during surgical procedures.
PubMed: 38667441
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080794 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Apr 2024The use of less lethal weapons aims to mitigate civilian casualties caused by firearm use. However, due to numerous cases in which these weapons caused serious injuries,...
The use of less lethal weapons aims to mitigate civilian casualties caused by firearm use. However, due to numerous cases in which these weapons caused serious injuries, even lethal injuries, both legislation and the forensic field are interested in characterizing and regulating them better. In the forensic field, there is a lack of strong research about injury patterns of these weapons which makes it difficult to identify the type of weapon employed. In this study, the main objective was to characterize the injury pattern produced by the impact of the 9 mm P.A.K. projectile. A porcine model was used. Four different distances were studied: firm contact, 10 cm, 60 cm and 110 cm, using 3 of the more representative anatomical sites: the head, the hind leg and the ribs. The average measurement of the entrance orifice varied according to the anatomical site, being 6.67 mm wide and 6.25 mm long in the thorax, 7.3 mm wide and 8.8 mm long in the hind legs, and 7.62 mm wide and 7.54 mm long in the head. The variation in width and length measurements was not found to be directly related to the shot distance. The gunshot residues had similar characteristics to those of conventional lead projectiles, however there was more unburned powder deposit near the wounds, with a less dense soot and more dense powder tattoo. Depth varied widely regardless of tissue and firing distance, although loss of penetrating power and injury is observed as one moves away from the target.
PubMed: 38658410
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03238-8 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Apr 2024To explore the effectiveness of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery extraperitoneal sacral hysteropexy (vNOTES-ESH) in women with symptomatic...
A Retrospective Cohort Study of vNOTES Extraperitoneal Versus Laparoscopic Sacral Hysteropexy With Uterine Preserving Regarding Surgical Outcomes and 2 Year Follow-up Results.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
To explore the effectiveness of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery extraperitoneal sacral hysteropexy (vNOTES-ESH) in women with symptomatic uterine prolapse over a 2 year follow-up.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING
Gynecological minimally invasive center.
PATIENTS
Women undergoing sacral hysteropexy either by vNOTES (n = 25) or laparoscopic (n = 74) between November 2016 and December 2020.
INTERVENTIONS
Both vNOTES-ESH and laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy (LAP-SH) were used for uterine prolapse. Demographic data, operative characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and follow-up information 2 years postsurgery in the 2 groups were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS
Both procedures showed similar operation time, estimated blood loss, hospital stays, and pain scores (p >0.05). During a median follow-up of 59 (24-72) months, the surgical success rate was 96% for vNOTES-ESH and 97.3% for LAP-SH (p >0.05), with no differences in anatomical position or pelvic organ function after the operation. Women in the LAP-SH group experienced more bothersome symptoms of constipation compared to those in the vNOTES-ESH group (5.41% vs 0, p <0.05). Lastly, 1 case in the vNOTES-ESH group had a mesh exposed area of less than 1 cm, and 1 patient in the LAP-SH group experienced stress incontinence.
CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective study, vNOTES-ESH met our patients' preference for uterine preservation and was a successful and effective treatment for uterine prolapse, providing good functional improvement in our follow-up. This procedure should be considered as an option for patients with pelvic organ prolapse.
PubMed: 38642887
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.04.013 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Apr 2024Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become widely used in recent years, However, there is also an increasing need for removal of TAVR valves due to...
BACKGROUND
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become widely used in recent years, However, there is also an increasing need for removal of TAVR valves due to prosthetic valve dysfunction (PVD) and the development of infective endocarditis. Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for these patients is risky due to the original patient background and anatomic conditions. Intuity rapid deployment aortic valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) replacement would be useful for such high risk patients to prevent longer cardiac arrest time and obtain good hemodynamic results. However, there are few reports which present Intuity valve replacement after TAVR explantation. Herein, We report two cases in which we have achieved good hemodynamics with shorter cardiac arrest times by using a rapid deployment valve after TAVR explantation.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present 2 cases of successful implantation of the Intuity rapid deployment valve after TAVR explantation. The 84- and 88-year-old female patients had previously received TAVR for severe aortic stenosis with SAPIEN XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) and developed PVD during follow-up. The TAVR valve was removed carefully, then an Intuity valve was implanted with cardiac arrest times of 69 and 41 min. Both patients had good echocardiographic results with effective orifice area of 2.0 cm and 1.2 cm and mean trans-aortic plessure gradient of 9 mmHg and 15 mmHg respectively without aortic regurgitation. They were discharged without major complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Surgical AVR using a rapid deployment valve is a useful alternative to sutured AVR after TAVR valve explantation. It allows for shorter cardiac arrest times and better postoperative hemodynamics without major complication.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Aortic Valve; Device Removal; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Heart Arrest
PubMed: 38616249
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02728-5