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The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024The aim of the present research was to assess the mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary anterior teeth utilizing Image J computer software, a Profile projector, and a...
AIM
The aim of the present research was to assess the mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary anterior teeth utilizing Image J computer software, a Profile projector, and a Custom-made jig.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 34 subjects (17 males and 17 females) were chosen from a group of 18-30 years old with bilateral Angle Class I molars and canine relationships. One manual approach (Custom-made jig) and two digital methods (J computer software, a Profile projector) were used to record the mesiodistal angulation in incisal view. The individuals had alginate impressions made, and a facebow was used to capture the maxilla's spatial relationship with the cranium. The articulated cast with the help of mounting ring moved to the specially customized jig, then the angulations was measured in the incisal view after the casts were placed in a semi-adjustable articulator. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
The mesiodistal angulation in the incisal view via three methods between the 17 males and 17 females has statistically significant different. Although the mesiodistal angulation for maxillary lateral incisor and canine did not show any statistically significant difference, the maximum and minimum values obtained were always greater in males in comparison with the females. This indicates that the positions of six maxillary anterior teeth in the males resulted in the creation of upward sweep of incisal edges of central and lateral incisors which was also referred to as "smiling line" producing masculine surface anatomy more squared and vigorous while feminine surface anatomy being more rounded, soft, and pleasant. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides, indicating bilateral arch symmetry and the symmetrical place of the right teeth compared with the left side's corresponding teeth.
CONCLUSION
On conclusion, according to the current study's findings, all three approaches can measure the mesiodistal angulations of maxillary anterior teeth in incisal view with clinically acceptable accuracy. The digital methods, which included using the Image J computer software and the profile projector, achieved more accurate results than the manual method.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The outcomes of this study's mesiodistal angulations can be used as a reference for placing teeth in both fully and partially edentulous conditions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the importance of achieving the ideal occlusion in the Indian population by placing the maxillary anterior teeth at the proper mesiodistal angulation. How to cite this article: Shadaksharappa SH, Lahiri B, Kamath AG, . Evaluation of Mesiodistal Angulation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Incisal View Using Manual and Digital Methods: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):320-325.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Maxilla; Adolescent; Incisor; Young Adult; Adult; Software; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Cuspid
PubMed: 38956845
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3651 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024This study aims to assess the synergistic effect of utilizing a bioceramic sealer, NeoPutty, with photobiomodulation (PBM) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for...
AIMS
This study aims to assess the synergistic effect of utilizing a bioceramic sealer, NeoPutty, with photobiomodulation (PBM) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for odontogenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental pulp stem cells were collected from 10 premolars extracted from healthy individuals. Dental pulp stem cells were characterized using an inverted-phase microscope to detect cell shape and flow cytometry to detect stem cell-specific surface antigens. Three experimental groups were examined: the NP group, the PBM group, and the combined NP and PBM group. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) experiment was conducted to assess the viability of DPSCs. The odontogenic differentiation potential was analyzed using Alizarin red staining, RT-qPCR analysis of odontogenic genes DMP-1, DSPP, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and western blot analysis for detecting BMP-2 and RUNX-2 protein expression. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a -test was employed to examine and compare the mean values of the results.
RESULTS
The study showed a notable rise in cell viability when NP and PBM were used together. Odontogenic gene expression and the protein expression of BMP-2 and RUNX-2 were notably increased in the combined group. The combined effect of NeoPutty and PBM was significant in enhancing the odontogenic differentiation capability of DPSCs.
CONCLUSION
The synergistic effect of NeoPutty and PBM produced the most positive effect on the cytocompatibility and odontogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Creating innovative regenerative treatments to efficiently and durably repair injured dental tissues. How to cite this article: Alshawkani HA, Mansy M, Al Ankily M, . Regenerative Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Response to a Bioceramic Dental Sealer and Photobiomodulation: An Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):313-319.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cells; Low-Level Light Therapy; Cell Differentiation; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Odontogenesis; Root Canal Filling Materials; Alkaline Phosphatase; In Vitro Techniques; Cell Survival; Regeneration; Ceramics; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Sialoglycoproteins; Phosphoproteins
PubMed: 38956844
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3676 -
Epigenetics Dec 2024Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes, show evidence that the donor cell's metabolic type...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes, show evidence that the donor cell's metabolic type influences the osteogenic process. Limited knowledge exists on DNA methylation changes during osteogenic differentiation and the impact of diverse donor genetic backgrounds on MSC differentiation. In this study, synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) from two pig breeds (Angeln Saddleback, AS; German Landrace, DL) with distinct metabolic phenotypes were isolated, and the methylation pattern of SMSCs during osteogenic induction was investigated. Results showed that most differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were hypomethylated in osteogenic-induced SMSC group. These DMRs were enriched with genes of different osteogenic signalling pathways at different time points including Wnt, ECM, TGFB and BMP signalling pathways. AS pigs consistently exhibited a higher number of hypermethylated DMRs than DL pigs, particularly during the peak of osteogenesis (day 21). Predicting transcription factor motifs in regions of DMRs linked to osteogenic processes and donor breeds revealed influential motifs, including , and . These findings contribute to understanding the pattern of methylation changes promoting osteogenic differentiation, emphasizing the substantial role of donor the metabolic type and epigenetic memory of different donors on SMSC differentiation.
Topics: Animals; DNA Methylation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Swine; Synovial Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 38956836
DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2375011 -
Morphology of the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint: A multi-domain statistical shape modeling approach.Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Jul 2024The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint is involved in load transmission between the wrist and thumb. A quantitative description of baseline STT joint morphometrics is...
The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint is involved in load transmission between the wrist and thumb. A quantitative description of baseline STT joint morphometrics is needed to capture the variation of normal anatomy as well as to guide staging of osteoarthritis. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) techniques quantify variations in three-dimensional shapes and relative positions. The objectives of this study are to describe the morphology of the STT joint using a multi-domain SSM. We asked: (1) What are the dominant modes of variation that impact bone and articulation morphology at the STT joint, and (2) what are the morphometrics of SSM-generated STT joints? Thirty adult participants were recruited to a computed tomography study of normal wrist imaging and biomechanics. Segmentations of the carpus were converted to three-dimensional triangular surface meshes. A multi-domain, particle-based entropy system SSM was used to quantify variation in carpal bone shape and position as well as articulation morphology. Articular surface areas and interosseous proximity distributions were calculated between mesh vertex pairs on adjacent bones within distance (2.0 mm) and surface-normal angular (35°) thresholds. In the SSM, the first five modes of variation captured 76.2% of shape variation and contributed to factors such as bone scale, articular geometries, and carpal tilt. Median interosseous proximities-a proxy for joint space-were 1.39 mm (scaphotrapezium), 1.42 mm (scaphotrapezoid), and 0.61 mm (trapeziotrapezoid). This study quantifies morphological and articular variations at the STT joint, presenting a range of normative anatomy. The range of estimated interosseous proximities may guide interpretation of imaging-derived STT joint space.
PubMed: 38956833
DOI: 10.1002/jor.25918 -
Brain and Behavior Jul 2024Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where appropriate intervention might prevent or delay conversion to AD. Given...
PURPOSE
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where appropriate intervention might prevent or delay conversion to AD. Given this, there has been increasing interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing to predict conversion from MCI to AD. Recent evidence suggests that the choroid plexus (ChP), neural substrates implicated in brain clearance, undergo volumetric changes in MCI and AD. Whether the ChP is involved in memory changes observed in MCI and can be used to predict conversion from MCI to AD has not been explored.
METHOD
The current study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to investigate whether later progression from MCI to AD (progressive MCI [pMCI], n = 115) or stable MCI (sMCI, n = 338) was associated with memory scores using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and ChP volumes as calculated from MRI. Classification analyses identifying pMCI or sMCI group membership were performed to compare the predictive ability of the RAVLT and ChP volumes.
FINDING
The results indicated a significant difference between pMCI and sMCI groups for right ChP volume, with the pMCI group showing significantly larger right ChP volume (p = .01, 95% confidence interval [-.116, -.015]). A significant linear relationship between the RAVLT scores and right ChP volume was found across all participants, but not for the two groups separately. Classification analyses showed that a combination of left ChP volume and auditory verbal learning scores resulted in the most accurate classification performance, with group membership accurately predicted for 72% of the testing data.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that volumetric ChP changes appear to occur before the onset of AD and might provide value in predicting conversion from MCI to AD.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Male; Female; Aged; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Progression; Verbal Learning; Choroid Plexus; Aged, 80 and over; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 38956818
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3611 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jul 2024The retrolabyrinthine (presigmoid) approach has been utilized in various skull base surgeries but has not been fully utilized in the management of internal auditory...
HYPOTHESIS
The retrolabyrinthine (presigmoid) approach has been utilized in various skull base surgeries but has not been fully utilized in the management of internal auditory canal (IAC) lesions, such as vestibular schwannoma (VS). Microsurgical retrolabyrinthine approach provides limited visualization of the IAC, while endoscopic-assisted techniques allow for further lateral exposure with labyrinthine preservation.
BACKGROUND
Traditional approaches to the IAC have the disadvantage of hearing sacrifice or retraction of brain tissue. With the introduction of endoscopic techniques and enhanced visualization, access to this region of complex anatomy is possible.
METHODS
Radiomorphometric and anatomical dissection was performed on two cadaveric temporal bones. High-resolution computed tomography was used to segment and delineate the volume of the IAC. Projected accessible IAC was compared to actual postdissection data with preservation of the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) via the retrolabyrinthine corridor.
RESULTS
While preserving the PSCC, the 0° and 30° endoscopes visualized 57.1% and 78.6% of the IAC for cadaver 1, and 64.0% and 76.0% of the IAC for cadaver 2, respectively. Sacrificing the PSCC, the 0° and 30° endoscopes provided visualization of 78.6% 85.7% of the IAC for cadaver 1, and 88.0% and 95.1% of the IAC for cadaver 2, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Retrolabyrinthine approach to resection of VS is a potentially viable hearing-preserving alternative to traditional approaches. This approach provides access to the majority of the IAC, while angled endoscopes or sacrifice of the PSCC can provide additional access toward the fundus. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical feasibility of this approach.
PubMed: 38956800
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000004248 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024The neurological effects and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of sports-related concussion (SRC) in active young boxers remain poorly understood. This study aims...
The neurological effects and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of sports-related concussion (SRC) in active young boxers remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the impairment of white matter microstructure and assess changes in glymphatic function following SRC by utilizing neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) on young boxers who have sustained SRC. A total of 60 young participants were recruited, including 30 boxers diagnosed with SRC and 30 healthy individuals engaging in regular exercise. The assessment of whole-brain white matter damage was conducted using diffusion metrics, while the evaluation of glymphatic function was performed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. A two-sample t-test was utilized to examine group differences in DTI and NODDI metrics. Spearman correlation and generalized linear mixed models were employed to investigate the relationship between clinical assessments of SRC and NODDI measurements. Significant alterations were observed in DTI and NODDI metrics among young boxers with SRC. Additionally, the DTI-ALPS index in the SRC group exhibited a significantly higher value than that of the control group (left side: 1.58 vs. 1.48, P = 0.009; right side: 1.61 vs. 1.51, P = 0.02). Moreover, it was observed that the DTI-ALPS index correlated with poorer cognitive test results among boxers in this study population. Repetitive SRC in active young boxers is associated with diffuse white matter injury and glymphatic dysfunction, highlighting the detrimental impact on brain health. These findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of the neurological health of boxers.
Topics: Humans; White Matter; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Glymphatic System; Male; Brain Concussion; Adolescent; Neurites; Boxing; Female; Case-Control Studies; Young Adult; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 38956796
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12113 -
Physiologia Plantarum 2024The seasonal plasticity of resistance to xylem embolism has been demonstrated in leaves of some tree species, but is controversial in stems. In this study, we...
The seasonal plasticity of resistance to xylem embolism has been demonstrated in leaves of some tree species, but is controversial in stems. In this study, we investigated the seasonality of stem xylem resistance to embolism in six temperate woody species (four deciduous and two evergreen tree species) that were grown at the same site. The xylem conduit anatomy, the concentrations, and ratios of the main cation in the xylem sap, as well as the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (including soluble sugars and starch) were measured in each species under each season to reveal the potential mechanisms of seasonal change in embolism resistance. The stem of all species showed increasing resistance to embolism as seasons progressed, with more vulnerable xylem in spring, but no significant adjustment in the other three seasons. The seasonal plasticity of stem embolism resistance was greater in deciduous species than in evergreen. On a seasonal scale, conduit diameter and conduit implosion resistance, the ratios of K/Ca and K/Na, and starch content were generally not correlated with embolism resistance, suggesting that these are probably not the main drivers of seasonal plasticity of stem embolism resistance. The seasonality of embolism resistance provides critical information for better understanding plant hydraulics in response to seasonal environments, especially under climate change.
Topics: Seasons; Plant Stems; Trees; Xylem
PubMed: 38956781
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14421 -
Human Genomics Jul 2024Evidence has revealed a connection between cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. While the efficacy of a model based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs)...
BACKGROUND
Evidence has revealed a connection between cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. While the efficacy of a model based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in predicting the prognosis of peripheral organ tumors has been demonstrated, the impact of CRGs on the prognosis and the immunological landscape of gliomas remains unexplored.
METHODS
We screened CRGs to construct a novel scoring tool and developed a prognostic model for gliomas within the various cohorts. Afterward, a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between the CRG risk signature and the immunological landscape of gliomas was undertaken from multiple perspectives.
RESULTS
Five genes (NLRP3, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, and GCSH) were identified to build a CRG scoring system. The nomogram, based on CRG risk and other signatures, demonstrated a superior predictive performance (AUC of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93 at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively) in the training cohort. Furthermore, the CRG score was closely associated with various aspects of the immune landscape in gliomas, including immune cell infiltration, tumor mutations, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T lymphocyte and immune exhaustion-related markers, as well as cancer signaling pathway biomarkers and cytokines.
CONCLUSION
The CRG risk signature may serve as a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and the potential viability of immunotherapy responses. Moreover, the key candidate CRGs might be promising targets to explore the underlying biological background and novel therapeutic interventions in gliomas.
Topics: Humans; Glioma; Tumor Microenvironment; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Nomograms; Female; Male; Gene Expression Profiling; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38956740
DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00636-2 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jul 2024Nowadays, companion and working dogs hold significant social and economic importance. Dry eye, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS), a common disease in...
BACKGROUND
Nowadays, companion and working dogs hold significant social and economic importance. Dry eye, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS), a common disease in ophthalmology, can readily impact a dog's working capacity and lead to economic losses. Although there are several medications available for this disease, all of them only improve the symptoms on the surface of the eye, and they are irritating and not easy to use for long periods of time. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) are promising candidates for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, long-term in vitro passaging leads to stemness loss of ADMSC. Here, we aimed to use ADMSC overexpressing Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) to treat 0.25% benzalkonium chloride-treated dogs with dry eye to verify its efficacy. For in vitro validation, we induced corneal epithelial cell (HCECs) damage using 1 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride.
METHODS
Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into five groups: normal, dry eye self-healing control, cyclosporine-treated, ADMSC-CMV-treated and ADMSC-OESPARC-treated. HCECs were divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated model group, ADMSC-CMV supernatant culture group and ADMSC-OESRARC supernatant culture group.
RESULTS
SPARC-modified ADMSC had the most significant effect on canine ocular surface inflammation, corneal injury, and tear recovery, and the addition of ADMSC-OESPARC cell supernatant also had a salvage effect on HCECs cellular damage, such as cell viability and cell proliferation ability. Moreover, analysis of the co-transcriptome sequencing data showed that SPARC could promote corneal epithelial cell repair by enhancing the in vitro viability, migration and proliferation and immunosuppression of ADMSC.
CONCLUSION
The in vitro cell test and in vivo model totally suggest that the combination of SPARC and ADMSC has a promising future in novel dry eye therapy.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Benzalkonium Compounds; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Dry Eye Syndromes; Osteonectin; Male; Disease Models, Animal; Adipose Tissue; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 38956738
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03815-z