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JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Body Surface Area; Reproducibility of Results; Echocardiography; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 38960557
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.04.011 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Body Surface Area; Ventricular Function, Left; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Echocardiography; Aged
PubMed: 38960556
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.12.015 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jul 2024To conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of a social network intervention on health. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of a social network intervention on health.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
The Microclinic Social Network Program randomized controlled trial (implemented from June 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014) delivered weekly social-health classroom interventions for 9 to 10 months vs standard of care. Longitudinal multilevel analyses examined end-of-trial and 6-month post-intervention outcomes. Social network effects were estimated via a novel social induction ratio.
RESULTS
We randomized 494 participants, comprising 27 classroom clusters from five neighborhood cohorts. Compared with controls, the intervention showed decreased body weight 6.32 pounds (95% CI, 8.65 to 3.98; overall P<.001), waist circumference 1.21 inches (95% CI, 1.84 to 0.58; overall P<.001), hemoglobin A % change 1.60 (95% CI, 1.88 to 1.33; overall P<.001), mean arterial blood pressure 1.83 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.79 to 0.32; overall P<.01), borderline-increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.09 (95% CI, 0.01-2.17; P=.05; overall P=.01). At 6 months post-intervention, net improvements were: weight change 97% sustained (P<.001), waist circumference change 92% sustained (P<.001), hemoglobin A change 82.5% sustained (P<.001), high-density lipoprotein change 79% sustained (overall P=.01), and mean arterial blood pressure change greater than 100% sustained improvement of 4.21 mm Hg (P<.001). Mediation analysis found that diet and exercise did not substantially explain improvements. In the intent-to-treat analysis of social causal induction, the weight-change social induction ratio (SIR) was 1.80 for social-network weight change-meaning that social networks explained the greater weight loss in the intervention than controls. Furthermore, we observed an even stronger weight-loss SIR of 2.83 at 6 months post-intervention.
CONCLUSION
Results show intervention effectiveness for improving health in resource-limited communities, with SIR demonstrating that social-network effects helped induce such improvements.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01651065.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Appalachian Region; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Adult; Glycated Hemoglobin; Waist Circumference; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 38960495
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.023 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Almonds have prebiotic potential to maintain gut health and regulate glycaemia. Western studies have shown their positive effects on preventing non-communicable diseases... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of almond consumption compared with the consumption of traditional isocaloric cereal/pulse-based snacks on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India: protocol for a 16-week, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
Almonds have prebiotic potential to maintain gut health and regulate glycaemia. Western studies have shown their positive effects on preventing non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of research involving Asian Indians, who have a higher predisposition to diabetes due to their unique 'Asian phenotype'. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of almond supplementation on glycaemic control and gut health in adults with pre-diabetes in rural India through a randomised clinical trial.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A parallel cluster randomised controlled trial with 178 participants with pre-diabetes (assigned 1:1) aged 20-50 years, of both genders, with a body mass index of 18.9-25 kg/m, will be conducted in rural areas of , and districts in India. The intervention group will receive 56 g of almonds as mid-morning snacks for 16 weeks, while the control group will receive cereal/pulse-based traditional isocaloric snacks under the closed supervision of the study investigators. The primary outcome of the study is HbA1c measured at the 16th week. The secondary outcomes-anthropometry, clinical and other biochemical parameters-will be measured at 0th, 8th and 16th weeks, and a subgroup of 120 participants will undergo gut health analysis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 analysis will be conducted on 30 participants at 0th and 16th weeks. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS for Windows V.27.0, and both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee at Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India (DRPEFP7672021). We will obtain the informed written consent of the participants prior to screening and enrolling them in the study. Results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and scientific gatherings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/03/050421).
Topics: Humans; India; Adult; Prunus dulcis; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Glycemic Control; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Snacks; Young Adult; Edible Grain; Rural Population; Blood Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin
PubMed: 38960469
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076934 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Previous studies demonstrated that wedge resection is sufficient for ground glass-dominant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with tumour diameter ≤2 cm, however, the optimal...
INTRODUCTION
Previous studies demonstrated that wedge resection is sufficient for ground glass-dominant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with tumour diameter ≤2 cm, however, the optimal surgical type for ground glass-dominant LUAD with tumour diameter of 2-3 cm remains unclear. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of segmentectomy for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2-3 cm.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We initiated a phase III trial to investigate whether segmentectomy is suitable for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2-3 cm. This trial plans to enrol 307 patients from multiple institutions including four general hospitals and two specialty cancer hospitals over a period of 5 years. The primary endpoint is 5 year disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints are lung function, 5 year overall survival, the site of tumour recurrence and metastasis, segmentectomy completion rate, radical segmentectomy (R0 resection) completion rate and surgery-related complications.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre (reference 2212267-18) and by the institutional review boards of each participating centre. Written informed consent is required from all participants. The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT05717803.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pneumonectomy; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Female; Male; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Disease-Free Survival; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Middle Aged; Adult; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; China; Aged; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 38960464
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087088 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024To investigate the associations of traffic-related air pollution exposures in early pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development.
Associations of air pollution exposures in preconception and pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development: analysis of the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) prospective cohort in Chongqing, China.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the associations of traffic-related air pollution exposures in early pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development.
DESIGN
Cohort study.
SETTING
Eligible women attended six visits in the maternity clinics of two centres, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children.
PARTICIPANTS
Women who were between 20 and 40 years of age and were at 11-14 weeks gestation with a singleton pregnancy were eligible for participation. Women were excluded if they had a history of premature delivery before 32 weeks of gestation, maternal milk allergy or aversion or severe lactose intolerance. 1273 pregnant women enrolled in 2015-2016 and 1174 live births were included in this analysis.
EXPOSURES
Air pollution concentrations at their home addresses, including particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO), during pre-conception and each trimester period were estimated using land-use regression models.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Birth outcomes (ie, birth weight, birth length, preterm birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age and small for gestational age (SGA) status) and neurodevelopment outcomes measured by the Chinese version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
RESULTS
An association between SGA and per-IQR increases in NO was found in the first trimester (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.32) and during the whole pregnancy (OR: 1.33, 99% CI: 1.01 to 1.75). Both PM and NO exposure in the 90 days prior to conception were associated with lower Psychomotor Development Index scores (β: -6.15, 95% CI: -8.84 to -3.46; β: -2.83, 95% CI: -4.27 to -1.39, respectively). Increased NO exposure was associated with an increased risk of psychomotor development delay during different trimesters of pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased exposures to NO during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of SGA and psychomotor development delay, while increased exposures to both PM and NO pre-conception were associated with adverse psychomotor development outcomes at 12 months of age.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR-IOR-16007700.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; China; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Prospective Studies; Particulate Matter; Air Pollution; Child Development; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy Outcome; Young Adult; Nitrogen Dioxide; Infant; Birth Weight; Air Pollutants; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Premature Birth; Male
PubMed: 38960456
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082475 -
Cell Metabolism Jul 2024The extent to which modifiable lifestyle factors offset the determined genetic risk of obesity and obesity-related morbidities remains unknown. We explored how the...
The extent to which modifiable lifestyle factors offset the determined genetic risk of obesity and obesity-related morbidities remains unknown. We explored how the interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors influences the risk of obesity and obesity-related morbidities. The polygenic score for body mass index was calculated to quantify inherited susceptibility to obesity in 338,645 UK Biobank European participants, and a composite lifestyle score was derived from five obesogenic factors (physical activity, diet, sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration). We observed significant interaction between high genetic risk and poor lifestyles (p < 0.001). Absolute differences in obesity risk between those who adhere to healthy lifestyles and those who do not had gradually expanded with an increase in polygenic score. Despite a high genetic risk for obesity, individuals can prevent obesity-related morbidities by adhering to a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a normal body weight. Healthy lifestyles should be promoted irrespective of genetic background.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Male; Female; Life Style; Middle Aged; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Body Mass Index; Risk Factors; Adult; Aged; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; United Kingdom
PubMed: 38959863
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.004 -
PloS One 2024An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization...
An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by cardiovascular, anthropometric, lung function, and lifestyle-related risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD. In univariable analysis, we confirmed that a one standard deviation decrease in height (~6.5 cm) was associated with a 12.0% increase in the risk of CAD, consistent with previous reports. In multivariable analysis accounting for effects from up to 12 established risk factors, we observed a >3-fold attenuation in the causal effect of height on CAD susceptibility (3.7%, p = 0.02). However, multivariable analyses demonstrated independent effects of height on other cardiovascular traits beyond CAD, consistent with epidemiologic associations and univariable MR experiments. In contrast with published reports, we observed minimal effects of lung function traits on CAD risk in our analyses, indicating that these traits are unlikely to explain the residual association between height and CAD risk. In sum, these results suggest the impact of height on CAD risk beyond previously established cardiovascular risk factors is minimal and not explained by lung function measures.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Body Height; Coronary Artery Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Male; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Female
PubMed: 38959188
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298786 -
Current Obesity Reports Jul 2024This review aims to discuss strengths and limitations of body mass index (BMI) in diagnosing obesity, the use of alternative anthropometric measurements, and potential... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to discuss strengths and limitations of body mass index (BMI) in diagnosing obesity, the use of alternative anthropometric measurements, and potential new technology that may change the future of obesity diagnosis and management.
RECENT FINDINGS
The diagnosis of obesity requires the anthropometric assessment of adiposity. In clinical settings, this should include BMI with confirmation that elevated BMI represents excess adiposity and a measure of fat distribution (i.e., waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), or WC divided by height (WHR.5R). Digital anthropometry and bioelectric impedance (BIA) can estimate fat distribution and be feasibly employed in the clinic. In addition, the diagnosis should include a clinical component assessing the presence and severity of weight-related complications. As anthropometric measures used in the diagnosis of obesity, BMI is generally sufficient if confirmed to represent excess adiposity, and there are advantages to the use of WHtR over WC to assess fat distribution. BIA and digital anthropometry have the potential to provide accurate measures of fat mass and distribution in clinical settings. There should also be a clinical evaluation for the presence and severity of obesity complications that can be used to stage the disease.
PubMed: 38958869
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1 -
Oncotarget Aug 2023With the rapid adoption of immunotherapy into clinical practice for HPV-associated malignancies, assessing tumor burden using "liquid biopsies" would further our... (Review)
Review
With the rapid adoption of immunotherapy into clinical practice for HPV-associated malignancies, assessing tumor burden using "liquid biopsies" would further our understanding of clinical outcomes mediated by immunotherapy and allow for tailoring of treatment based on real-time tumor dynamics. In this review, we examine translational studies on peripheral surrogates of tumor burden derived from peripheral blood in HPV-associated malignancies, including levels and methylation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), miRNA derived from extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and HPV-specific antibodies and T cell responses. We review their utility as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy and radiation, with a focus on how they may inform and guide immunotherapies to treat locally advanced and metastatic HPV-associated malignancies. We also highlight unanswered questions that must be addressed to translate and integrate these peripheral tumor biomarkers into the clinic.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Immunotherapy; Biomarkers, Tumor; Tumor Burden; Circulating Tumor DNA; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Liquid Biopsy
PubMed: 38958745
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28487