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International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile, and short rod-shaped actinomycetes, named SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490, were isolated from...
Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile, and short rod-shaped actinomycetes, named SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490, were isolated from tidal flat sediment located in Guangdong province, PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were 99.3, 99.5 and 97.1 %, respectively. Strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to CF 5-4 (97.1 %/98.2 %), with ANI values of 74.01/73.88 % and dDDH values of 20.5/20.4 %. In the phylogenomic tree, the two isolates were affiliated with the genus . The genomes of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were 3.31 and 3.34 Mb, and both had DNA G+C contents of 72.8 mol%, coding 3077 and 3085 CDSs, three and three rRNA genes, and 53 and 51 tRNAs, respectively. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were anteiso-C and C. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-10(H). The polar lipids of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two glycolipids and two phospholipids. Based on these data, the two strains (SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490) represent a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is SYSU T00b441 (=GDMCC 1.3827=KCTC 49943).
Topics: Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; Geologic Sediments; DNA, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; China; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Actinobacteria; Vitamin K 2; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38896475
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006436 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HLT2-17, was isolated from soil sample taken from the Hailuogou glacier in Sichuan province, PR China. Strain...
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HLT2-17, was isolated from soil sample taken from the Hailuogou glacier in Sichuan province, PR China. Strain HLT2-17 was capable of growing at 4-25°C and in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 2% (w/v). The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was observed with M0-14 (98.3 %) and LRZ-2 (98.2 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HLT2-17 and its closest relatives, M0-14 and LRZ-2, were 80.0-84.0 % and 23.3-27.7 %, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain HLT2-17 clustered together with strains M0-14 and LRZ-2. Strain HLT2-17 contained C and anteiso-C as the major fatty acids, and MK-9(H) as the menaquinone. Therefore, based on a polyphasic approach, we propose that strain HLT2-17 (=CGMCC 1.11116= NBRC 110443) represents a novel species of the genus and suggest the name sp. nov.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; China; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Soil Microbiology; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Base Composition; Ice Cover
PubMed: 38896461
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006433 -
Cells Jun 2024Authors have demonstrated that apoptosis activation is a pathway related to cartilage degradation characteristics of the OA process. Autophagy is an adaptive response to...
Authors have demonstrated that apoptosis activation is a pathway related to cartilage degradation characteristics of the OA process. Autophagy is an adaptive response to protect cells from various environmental changes, and defects in autophagy are linked to cell death. In this sense, decreased autophagy of chondrocytes has been observed in OA articular cartilage. The aim of this work was to study the role of OA mitochondria in apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, using OA and Normal (N) transmitochondrial cybrids. Results: OA cybrids incubated with menadione showed a higher percentage of late apoptosis and necrosis than N cybrids. Stimulation of cybrids with staurosporine and IL-1β showed that OA cybrids were more susceptible to undergoing apoptosis than N cybrids. An analysis of the antioxidant response using menadione on gene expression revealed a lower expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 and superoxide dismutase 2 in OA than N cybrids. Activation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 was reduced in OA compared to N cybrids. However, the percentage of senescent cells was higher in OA than N cybrids. Conclusion: This work suggests that mitochondria from OA patients could be involved in the apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence of chondrocytes described in OA cartilage.
Topics: Autophagy; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Apoptosis; Cellular Senescence; Mitochondria; Chondrocytes; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Superoxide Dismutase; Aged; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin K 3; Female
PubMed: 38891108
DOI: 10.3390/cells13110976 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024Suction drainages are commonly used after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures; however, their use is somewhat controversial. Recently, some reports have claimed...
BACKGROUND
Suction drainages are commonly used after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures; however, their use is somewhat controversial. Recently, some reports have claimed that the administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) may prevent postoperative bleeding following TKAs. Although numerous studies have reported regarding different dosages, timings of administration, or drain clamping times for intravenous and intra-articular TXA injections (IA-TXAs), few have examined whether suction drainage is necessary when TXA is administered. In this study, we compared using suction drainage without TXA administration and IA-TXA without suction drainage and aimed to examine the need for suction drainage during IA-TXA.
METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted on 217 patients who had received TKA for osteoarthritis; 104 were placed on suction drainage after TKA without TXA (Group A), whereas the remaining 113 received IA-TXA immediately after surgery without suction drainage (Group B). Our clinical evaluation included assessments of the need for transfusion, presence of postoperative complications, incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and changes in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and D-dimer levels.
RESULTS
No significant differences were observed in terms of postoperative complications and preoperative Hb, Hct, or D-dimer levels between the two groups. Although the prevalence of DVT was significantly higher in Group B (p < 0.05), all cases were asymptomatic. Hb and Hct levels were significantly lower in Group A than in Group B at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days postoperatively (p < 0.05), although none of the cases required blood transfusions. D-dimer levels were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B at 1 and 3 days postoperatively (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Suction drainage might not be necessary when IA-TXA is administered after TKA procedures.
Topics: Humans; Tranexamic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Female; Male; Aged; Suction; Injections, Intra-Articular; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Middle Aged; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Aged, 80 and over; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Venous Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38890633
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07604-w -
JBJS Reviews Jun 2024Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is often associated with significant blood loss, leading to complications such as acute anemia and increased risk of infection and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is often associated with significant blood loss, leading to complications such as acute anemia and increased risk of infection and mortality. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been recognized for effectively reducing blood loss during TJA. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral TXA compared with other administration routes in TJA.
METHODS
Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, focusing on randomized clinical trials involving oral TXA in TJA. The studies were assessed for quality using the Cochrane risk assessment scale. Data synthesis involved network meta-analyses, comparing outcomes including hemoglobin drop, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) rate.
RESULTS
Our comprehensive literature search incorporated 39 studies with 7,538 participants, focusing on 8 TXA administration methods in TJA. The combination of oral and intra-articular (oral + IA) TXA markedly reduced hemoglobin drop more effectively than oral, intravenous (IV), and IA alone, but the difference was not significant. Oral + IA TXA significantly reduced EBL more effectively than oral + IV, IA + IV, and oral, IV, and IA alone. Perioperative transfusion rates with oral + IA TXA was significantly lower than that of oral, IA, and IV alone. The DVT rate with oral + IA was significantly lower than that with all other routes, including oral + IV, IA + IV, and oral, IA, and IV alone.
CONCLUSION
Oral TXA, particularly in combination with IA administration, demonstrates significantly higher efficacy in reducing blood loss and transfusion rates in TJA, with a safety profile comparable with that of other administration routes. The oral route, offering lower costs and simpler administration, emerges as a viable and preferable option in TJA procedures.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Oral; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Blood Loss, Surgical; Network Meta-Analysis; Tranexamic Acid; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38889241
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.23.00248 -
JBJS Reviews Jun 2024The effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) as an antifibrinolytic agent in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is well documented; however, there remains considerable... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) as an antifibrinolytic agent in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is well documented; however, there remains considerable practice variability concerning the optimal route of administration and dosing protocols concerning the medication's use. Our aim was to conduct a scoping review of the literature regarding the efficacy of various methods of TXA administration in TSA and to identify knowledge gaps that may be addressed.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The PubMed and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched to identify all articles published before March 2023 investigating the administration of TXA in TSA. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included, and data were extracted to capture information regarding intervention details and related outcomes such as blood loss, transfusion needs, and complication rates.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies were included in this review. All selected studies used either intravenous (IV) or topical TXA, with 1 study also including a combined approach of both topical and IV TXA. Of the studies that used an IV approach, the most commonly reported favorable outcomes were a reduction in blood volume loss, reduction in hemoglobin or hematocrit change, and decreased drain output. Dosing varied significantly between all identified studies because some used a standard dosing amount in grams or milligrams for all treatment group participants, whereas others used weight-based dosing amounts. All studies that used a weight-based dosing regimen as well as studies using a standard dosing amount between 1,000 and 5,000 mg reported favorable outcomes for postoperative blood loss.
CONCLUSION
Both IV and topical TXA clearly demonstrate favorable perioperative hematologic profiles in TSA. Although both approaches have demonstrated a successful association with decreased blood loss and transfusion requirements, there is no definitive benefit to choosing one over the other. Furthermore, the use of oral TXA either in combination or isolation warrants further study in TSA because of its comparable efficacy profiles and significantly lower associated costs of application.
Topics: Tranexamic Acid; Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical
PubMed: 38889236
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.24.00035 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Jun 2024Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and the prognosis of severe AP (SAP) is poor. The study aimed to identify promising biomarkers for...
OBJECTIVES
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and the prognosis of severe AP (SAP) is poor. The study aimed to identify promising biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and survival outcome of SAP patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and forty AP patients were retrospectively recruited, in which 72 cases with SAP. Blood test was done for collection of laboratory indicators. After treatment, the mortality of patients was recorded.
RESULTS
Patients in the SAP group had higher intensive care unit admissions and longer hospital stays (p < .001). Among laboratory parameters, significantly high values of C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, Von willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and D-dimer were found in SAP groups relative to non-SAP ones. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated the good performance of CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag and D-dimer in SAP diagnosis. Among all SAP cases, 51 survived while 21 died. TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 6.914, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.193-40.068, p = .028), vWF:Ag (OR = 7.441, 95% CI = 1.236-244.815, p = .028), and D-dimer (OR = 7.987, 95% CI = 1.251-50.997, p = .028) were significantly related to survival outcome of SAP patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. Both TyG index and vWF showed favorable efficiency in predicting overall prognosis. The area under the curve for the multivariate model (PRE = -35.908 + 2.764 × TyG + 0.021 × vWF:Ag) was 0.909 which was greater than 0.9, indicating its excellent performance in prognosis prediction.
CONCLUSION
CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag, and D-dimer values on admission may be potential clinical predictors of the development of SAP. Moreover, TyG index and vWF:Ag may be helpful to predict survival outcome.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Adult; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C-Reactive Protein; Biomarkers; Aged; von Willebrand Factor; ROC Curve; Acute Disease; Triglycerides; Blood Glucose; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 38888384
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1267 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024Strain I65 (=KACC 22647=JCM 35315), a novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and orange-pigmented bacterium was isolated...
Strain I65 (=KACC 22647=JCM 35315), a novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and orange-pigmented bacterium was isolated from influent water of a wastewater treatment system after treatment with several antibiotics, such as meropenem, gentamicin, and macrolide. The newly identified bacterial strain I65 exhibits significant multi-drug and heavy metal resistance characteristics. Strain I65 was grown in Reasoner's 2A medium [0 %-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and 20-45°C (optimum, 30 °C)]. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that strain I65 was closely related to CCBAU 05354 (99.56 % sequence similarity), THG-DN5.5 (97.51 %), and GR10-1 (97.09 %). Further analysis of the whole-genome sequence confirmed that the digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between strain I65 and CCBAU 05354 were 23.4, 80.7, and 85.0 %, respectively, suggesting that strain I65 is distinct from . The genome size of strain I65 was 6.1 Mbp, as assessed using the Oxford Nanopore platform, and its genomic DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol%. The major fatty acids of strain I65 were iso-C and iso-C G, and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. Moreover, the major polar lipid of strain I65 was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotype data, strain I65 represents a novel species belonging to the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is I65 (=KACC 22647=JCM 35315).
Topics: Wastewater; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Flavobacteriaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vitamin K 2; Phospholipids; Water Microbiology; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 38885037
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006425 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024A Gram-stain-negative, orange-yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SCSIO 19198, was isolated from sediment of the Haima cold seep in the South China Sea, PR...
A Gram-stain-negative, orange-yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SCSIO 19198, was isolated from sediment of the Haima cold seep in the South China Sea, PR China. The strain was aerobic and non-motile. Growth of strain SCSIO 19198 occurred at pH 7-9 (optimum, pH 7), 15-37 °C (optimum, 25-32 °C) and with 3-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3-6 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain SCSIO 19198 belonged to the genus , having the highest similarity to HD-3 (98.35 %), followed by KYW589 (95.17 %) and GYP-24 (94.89 %). The DNA G+C content was 35.92 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between the genome of strain SCSIO 19198 and that of HD-3 was 88.49 %. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain SCSIO 19198 and HD-3 was 36 %. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SCSIO 19198 were iso-C, iso-C G, summed feature 3 (C 6/C ω7) and anteiso-C. MK-6 was the only detected respiratory quinone. The polar lipids of strain SCSIO 19198 included phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data clearly suggest that strain SCSIO 19198 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 19198 (=MCCC 1K08674=KCTC 102078).
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; China; Phylogeny; Fatty Acids; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Geologic Sediments; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seawater; Vitamin K 2; Molecular Sequence Data
PubMed: 38885036
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006428 -
The Journal of the Association of... May 2024Acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) is defined as any febrile illness with a duration of ≤14 days without evidence of localized infection. Most outpatient services and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) is defined as any febrile illness with a duration of ≤14 days without evidence of localized infection. Most outpatient services and a significant inpatient load in India are contributed by AUF. COVID-19 has recently added to the existing list of common etiologies of AUF. While the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, which are widely used for the detection of common etiologies of AUF, are unreliable, the rise of various inflammatory markers may help identify the probable etiology. This not only results in better diagnosis but also prepares the physician for close monitoring and pooling of resources.
AIM
To identify the probable etiology of AUF through inflammatory markers.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the clinical and biochemical parameters as possible predictors of adverse outcomes in AUF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care hospital. The total duration of the study was 1 year. A total of 400 AUF patients [both outpatient department (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD)] fulfilling the eligibility criteria were taken up for the study after consent. Various inflammatory markers, namely erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin levels along with basic blood and biochemical tests were measured in all qualifying patients at their first visit. The level of rise of all the measured inflammatory markers was analyzed for clues toward identifying the etiology. Also, the possible predictors of adverse outcomes, as defined in the study, were analyzed. Outcome variables are described as mean ± standard deviation. All statistical calculations were done using computer programs Microsoft Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, New York, United States of America) and SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions; SPSS Inc., United States of America) version 21.
RESULTS
The common etiologies in our study contributing to AUF were dengue (31.5%), COVID-19 (18.5%), enteric fever (12.7%), scrub typhus (9.0%), and malaria (6.0%). In 76 cases (19%), the fever was undiagnosed. Enteric fever had highly elevated CRP (>30 mg/L) and moderately elevated D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin. Both nonsevere dengue and COVID-19 had highly elevated D-dimer (>750 ng/mL), but in nonsevere dengue, CRP, ferritin, and procalcitonin were only mildly elevated, whereas in COVID-19, CRP and ferritin were moderately elevated with mildly elevated procalcitonin. Scrub typhus had highly elevated CRP and ferritin [more than four times the upper limit of normal (ULN)], but D-dimer and procalcitonin were only mildly elevated. The mean serum procalcitonin level in enteric fever is significantly higher than the other etiologies of AUF. Our study was correctly able to identify 90.8% of nonsevere dengue, 87.8% of typhoid, 83.6% of COVID-19, and 91.4% of scrub typhus patients based on the inflammatory markers level. Obesity, diabetes (both types 1 and 2), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), malignancy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic lung disease were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. A significant delay in visiting the hospital after the onset of fever was found in all etiologies of AUF, which had adverse outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Our study is one of the few studies comparing the rise in the level of various inflammatory markers among the common etiologies of AUF. The novelty of the study is that it aids in identifying the probable etiology of AUF with good confidence through the levels of inflammatory markers. Also, our study highlights the high-risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in AUF.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Male; Female; C-Reactive Protein; Prospective Studies; Adult; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Ferritins; Blood Sedimentation; Middle Aged; Procalcitonin; COVID-19; India; Fever of Unknown Origin; Fever; Inflammation
PubMed: 38881103
DOI: 10.59556/japi.72.0523