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Indian Journal of Public Health Oct 2023Because of COVID's impact on social behavior, students have become more reliant on computer-facilitated communication to continue their studies and interact with...
INTRODUCTION
Because of COVID's impact on social behavior, students have become more reliant on computer-facilitated communication to continue their studies and interact with friends. While it is known that the association between screen exposure and psychological well-being is both harmful and stronger among adolescents than younger children, what is less studied are the causal factors that may mediate the relationship.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between screen exposure and two psychological outcomes, sleep quality and loneliness, using digital eye strain as a mediating factor. Eye strain is expected to have a direct and harmful influence on psychological well-being.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A structured and validated questionnaire was transcribed and administered online. A nonrepresentative sample of 497 female college students in a North Indian city participated in the study. Digital eye strain, quality of sleep, and feeling of loneliness scores were assessed using latent class analysis.
RESULTS
The selected latent model suggested that Class 2 had a high percentage of students with network issues, the problem with space and noise, and various financial hardships, which had almost doubled the rate of loneliness (53.28%) and sleep-wake difficulties (75.41%) among the students affected with computer vision syndrome (89.75%).
CONCLUSION
There is an urgent need to examine the implications of digital exposure across gender and age to prevent future complications. Further, awareness for improving holistic well-being in the digital era should be promoted through various platforms.
Topics: Humans; Female; India; Loneliness; Students; Young Adult; COVID-19; Adolescent; Prevalence; Universities; Sleep Quality; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Asthenopia
PubMed: 38934830
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1761_22 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association between mental status and the risk of self-reported asthenopia among college students in China.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association between mental status and the risk of self-reported asthenopia among college students in China.
METHODS
Ten thousand students were randomly assessed in the study using a self-reported asthenopia questionnaire. Their demographic characteristics and mental status were recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to preliminarily select potential risk and protective factors. Then, multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the selected risk factors of interest.
RESULTS
Among the 8370 students who completed the survey, the prevalence of asthenopia was 61.0%. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between asthenopia and depressive symptoms (OR 1.511 95% CI: 1.350-1.691), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OR 1.477, 95% CI: 1.338-1.632), gender and study load. The place college students spent their off-hours (OR 0.841, 95% CI: 0.784-0.902) was found to be the strongest factor for decreasing the occurrence of asthenopia complaints.
CONCLUSION
Asthenopia appears common in Chinese college students. In addition to depressive symptoms, we should pay attention to obsessive-compulsive symptoms when considering means of preventing asthenopia. Harmonious social relationships, outdoor off-hour activities and exercising more than three times per week are crucial to relieving visual fatigue. Further study is still needed in this area.
PubMed: 38916723
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06551-5 -
PloS One 2024Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in ophthalmic surgeons and can impact surgeons' well-being and productivity. Heads-up displays may reduce ergonomic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in ophthalmic surgeons and can impact surgeons' well-being and productivity. Heads-up displays may reduce ergonomic stress compared to conventional microscopes. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study compared ergonomic experience between heads-up display and conventional ocular microscopes.
METHODS
The study protocol was approved by the independent ethics committee and nonprofit organization MINS Institutional Review Board. An online questionnaire was distributed to a sample of ophthalmic surgeons in Japan with experience operating with heads-up display. The questionnaire captured surgeon-specific variables, the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and custom questions to compare heads-up display and conventional microscope and understand long-term impacts of musculoskeletal disorders.
RESULTS
Analysis was conducted on responses from 67 surgeons with a mean 25 years of practice and 2.7 years using heads-up display. Many surgeons agreed or strongly agreed that heads-up display reduced the severity (40%) and frequency (40%) of pain and discomfort, improved posture (61%), and improved overall comfort (61%). Of respondents who experienced asthenopia (n = 59) or pain/discomfort during operation (n = 61), 54% reported improvement in asthenopia and 72% reported feeling less pain/discomfort since using heads-up display. Overall, 69% reported preference for heads-up display.
CONCLUSION
This study provides novel data on musculoskeletal disorders and the long-term impacts of ergonomic strain reported by ophthalmologists building on existing literature demonstrating ergonomic and other advantages of heads-up display. Future studies with objective ergonomic assessment are warranted to validate these findings.
Topics: Humans; Ergonomics; Ophthalmologists; Japan; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Surveys and Questionnaires; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Microscopy; Adult; Middle Aged; Asthenopia; Occupational Diseases; Posture; East Asian People
PubMed: 38776346
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297461 -
PeerJ 2024Aniseikonia is a binocular vision disorder that has been associated with asthenopic symptoms. However, asthenopia has been evaluated with subjective tests that make...
BACKGROUND
Aniseikonia is a binocular vision disorder that has been associated with asthenopic symptoms. However, asthenopia has been evaluated with subjective tests that make difficult to determine the level of aniseikonia. This study aims to objectively evaluate the impact of induced aniseikonia at different levels on visual fatigue by measuring the orbicularis oculi muscle activity in the dominant and non-dominant eyes while performing a reading task.
METHODS
Twenty-four collegiate students (24.00 ± 3.86 years) participated in this study. Participants read a passage for 7 minutes under four degrees of aniseikonia (0%, 3%, 5% and 10%) at 50 cm. Orbicularis oculi muscle activity of the dominant and non-dominant eye was recorded by surface electromyography. In addition, visual discomfort was assessed after each task by completing a questionnaire.
RESULTS
Orbicularis oculi muscle activity increased under induced aniseikonia (, greater values for the 10% condition in comparison to 0%, and 3% conditions ( = 0.034 and = 0.023, respectively)). No statistically significant differences were observed in orbicularis oculi muscle activity for the time on task and between the dominant and non-dominant eyes. Additionally, higher levels of subjective visual discomfort were observed for lower degrees of induced aniseikonia.
CONCLUSION
Induced aniseikonia increases visual fatigue at high aniseikonia degrees as measured by the orbicularis oculi muscle activity, and at low degrees as measured with subjective questionnaires. These findings may be of relevance to better understand the visual symptomatology of aniseikonia.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Electromyography; Reading; Adult; Aniseikonia; Oculomotor Muscles; Asthenopia; Computers; Facial Muscles
PubMed: 38770099
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17293 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire (COVD-QOL) and the Convergence...
Diagnostic values of questionnaires of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey and College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life in the screening of convergence insufficiency.
AIM
To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire (COVD-QOL) and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.
METHODS
Using the diagnostic test method, 62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency (age: 24.74±3.75y) and 62 normal participants (age: 23.61±3.13y) who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included. All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL. Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.
RESULTS
The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5% and 71.0%, respectively, while the specificity was 96.8% and 67.7%, respectively. Compared to the CISS alone, the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS, COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806, 0.694 and 0.782, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL, it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.
PubMed: 38766349
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.05.15 -
[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese... Apr 2024To investigate the differences in reading efficiency and visual fatigue between the use of augmented reality (AR) glasses and laptops. A prospective self-controlled...
To investigate the differences in reading efficiency and visual fatigue between the use of augmented reality (AR) glasses and laptops. A prospective self-controlled study was conducted. Healthy students from Capital Medical University who frequently engaged in long-term near work and used laptops and other digital display devices were recruited as subjects at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University between November 1 and November 15, 2023. LogMAR visual acuity, visual functions (accommodation, convergence, and fusion), and visual fatigue scores (Likert visual fatigue scale) of the participants were assessed. The order of using the laptop and AR glasses for each participant was determined by a coin toss. Reading efficiency (reading speed and error rate multiplied by the detection rate of incorrect numbers) with different devices for 10 minutes at the same time on different dates and visual fatigue scores after watching a 20-minute video were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. A total of 20 eligible subjects were included, comprising 7 males and 13 females, with a mean age of (25.45±2.27) years. There was no significant change in binocular visual acuity before and after using AR glasses and laptops (both >0.05). The reading speed and reading efficiency of using AR glasses [(34.03±9.25) and (29.19±7.62) digits/min, respectively] were significantly lower than those of using laptops [(39.43±10.36) and (35.67±9.87) digits/min, respectively] (=4.36, <0.001), while the difference in error detection rate was not statistically significant (=1.29, =0.213). There was no statistically significant difference in visual fatigue scores before watching videos with the two devices (=-0.71, =0.480). However, the visual fatigue score after watching videos with AR glasses [(20.55±5.04) points] was significantly higher than that with laptops [16.50 (13.00, 19.75) points] (=-2.85, =0.004). The visual fatigue scores after watching videos with both devices were significantly higher than before (<0.05), with a more significant increase observed with AR glasses [(6.05±3.50) points] (=-3.41, <0.001). Compared with using laptops, the reading speed and efficiency were lower, and the visual fatigue was more pronounced with the use of AR glasses at the current technical level. Further optimization and improvement of AR glasses are warranted.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Asthenopia; Augmented Reality; Prospective Studies; Visual Acuity; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 38583059
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231122-000246 -
[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese... Apr 2024Asthenopia is a group of eye discomfort syndromes with complex clinical manifestations, accompanied with systemic symptoms or not. It is caused by diverse influencing...
Asthenopia is a group of eye discomfort syndromes with complex clinical manifestations, accompanied with systemic symptoms or not. It is caused by diverse influencing factors and occurs upon overuse of the eyes. Over the past decade, significant changes have appeared in the etiology, clinical manifestation and treatment of asthenopia with great changes in the society and lifestyles. The Chinese Optometric Association of Chinese Ophthalmological Society and the Optometry Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association have organized nationwide experts in the field to thoroughly discuss the latest researches on asthenopia. Consensus opinions have been formed on the causes, influencing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of asthenopia, following the definition of asthenopia in the International Classification of Diseases, so as to provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of asthenopia.
Topics: Humans; Asthenopia; Consensus; China
PubMed: 38583055
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231226-00309 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Jul 2024Asthenopia is related to near vision activities or visual tasks that dissociate accommodation from vergence. Since the results of previous studies using objective...
PURPOSE
Asthenopia is related to near vision activities or visual tasks that dissociate accommodation from vergence. Since the results of previous studies using objective measures to diagnose asthenopia are inconsistent, this study compared optometric tests and objective metrics of accommodation in non-asthenopic and asthenopic young adults before and after a visual fatigue task.
METHODS
The accommodative response was recorded objectively for 6 min at a 3.33 D accommodative demand using an autorefractor, before and after a 5-min non-congruent visual task. Accommodation was disassociated from vergence with a ±2.00 D accommodative flipper while reading at the same distance. Optometric tests and subjective evaluations of asthenopia were performed before and after the task. Twenty-six non-presbyopic adults (23.15 ± 2.56 years) were included and identified as asthenopic (n = 14) or non-asthenopic (n = 12) based on their score on the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire.
RESULTS
A mixed ANOVA found no significant difference between the groups for objective (accommodative response) or subjective metrics (feeling of fatigue, optometric tests), although all participants reported greater visual fatigue after the task. A significant effect of time (before and after the non-congruent task) was identified for the overall sample for mean accommodative lag (+0.10 D, p = 0.01), subjective visual fatigue (+1.18, p < 0.01), negative relative accommodation (-0.20 D, p = 0.02) and near negative fusional reserve (blur: +2.46Δ, p < 0.01; break: +1.89Δ, p < 0.01; recovery: +3.34Δ, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
The task-induced asthenopia, measured both objectively and subjectively, was accompanied by a change in accommodative lag, greater visual fatigue and a decrease in negative relative accommodation. Conversely, near negative fusional reserves seem to adapt to the task. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to accommodative metrics (objective) or subjective and optometric tests.
Topics: Humans; Accommodation, Ocular; Asthenopia; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Visual Acuity; Refraction, Ocular; Surveys and Questionnaires; Convergence, Ocular
PubMed: 38533853
DOI: 10.1111/opo.13304 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2024This study aims to evaluate the relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure convergence insufficiency...
Is there a relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure of the convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire?
AIMS
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire in university undergraduate and post-graduate students.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Centre-based and questionnaire-based.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Subjects were recruited from a university. First, an e-Survey was conducted with the help of Google form and distributed through WhatsApp and Gmail to carry out the survey. The age group of participants was ranged from 18 to 30 years. A total number of 561 responses was received during the data collection period. As per the exclusion criteria, 230 responses were excluded from the study. Out of 331 students, 154 were male while 177 were female. Out of 331 participants, 213 were undergraduates and 118 were postgraduate's students.
RESULTS
A total of 331 participants took part in the study. The minimum age was 18 years and the maximum age was 30 years. The mean age of the participants was 23.40 ± 2.42. Among all students, 23.81% had somatic sensations followed by 10.49% had impaired vision, and 16.31% had a poor cognitive function. The correlation between somatic sensations-impaired visions was a moderate positive correlation and a strong positive correlation between somatic sensations-cognitive performance and impaired vision-cognitive performance.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance was found in the study. The students had more somatic sensations than impaired vision and cognitive performance.
PubMed: 38524337
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_67_22 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... May 2024In code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP) based BCI systems, flickering visual stimuli may result in visual fatigue. Thus, we introduced a discrete-interval...
In code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP) based BCI systems, flickering visual stimuli may result in visual fatigue. Thus, we introduced a discrete-interval binary sequence (DIBS) as visual stimulus modulation, with its power spectrum optimized to emphasize high-frequency components (40 Hz-60 Hz). 8 and 17 subjects participated, respectively, in offline and online experiments on a 4-target asynchronous c-VEP-based BCI system designed to realize a high positive predictive value (PPV), a low false positive rate (FPR) during idle states, and a high true positive rate (TPR) in control states, while minimizing visual fatigue level. Two visual stimuli modulations were introduced and compared: a maximum length sequence (m-sequence) and the high-frequency discrete-interval binary sequence (DIBS). The decoding algorithm was compared among the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the task-related component analysis (TRCA), and two approaches of sub-band component weight calculation (the traditional method and the proportional method) for FBCCA and FBTRCA. In the online experiments, the average PPV, FPR and TPR achieved, respectively [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with m-sequence, while [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with DIBS. Estimated by objective eye-related metrics and a subjective questionnaire, the visual fatigue in DIBS cases is significantly smaller than that in m-sequence cases. In this study, the feasibility of a novel modulation approach for visual fatigue reduction was proved in an asynchronous c-VEP system, while maintaining comparable performance to existing methods, which provides further insights towards enhancing this field's long-term viability and user-friendliness.
Topics: Humans; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Brain-Computer Interfaces; Male; Adult; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Female; Young Adult; Electroencephalography; Algorithms; Photic Stimulation; Asthenopia
PubMed: 38442053
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3373332