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Archives of Internal Medicine Research 2024Atopic dermatitis is a heterogenous inflammatory skin illness that may last for long time and affect people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. The condition...
Atopic dermatitis is a heterogenous inflammatory skin illness that may last for long time and affect people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. The condition primarily appears in infants and young children. There are people living with atopic dermatitis in every country and every ethnic group, although the frequency of the disease varies greatly. Due to the varied clinical presentations that atopic dermatitis can have, it can be challenging to characterize and diagnose the disease, particularly in adults. Nevertheless, there exists a dearth of information pertaining to the various presentations of atopic dermatitis among individuals from diverse racial and cultural groups. This critical review article offers a succinct and comprehensive overview of the current findings on the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis with regards to ethnic and racial disparities. The findings hold potential significance in advancing the development of targeted treatments for personalized medicine approaches and enhancing the quality of life for patients with atopy.
PubMed: 38938453
DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0170 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jul 2024Prior research has explored the relationship between inflammatory skin disorders and breast cancer (BC), yet the causality of this association remains uncertain.
INTRODUCTION
Prior research has explored the relationship between inflammatory skin disorders and breast cancer (BC), yet the causality of this association remains uncertain.
METHODS
Utilizing a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study aimed to elucidate the causal dynamics between various inflammatory skin conditions-namely acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, and rosacea-and BC. Genetic variants implicated in these disorders were sourced from comprehensive genome-wide association studies representative of European ancestry. In the forward MR, BC was posited as the exposure, while the reverse MR treated each inflammatory skin disease as the exposure. A suite of analytical methodologies, including random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR-Egger, were employed to probe the causative links between inflammatory skin diseases and BC. Sensitivity analyses, alongside evaluations for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, were conducted to substantiate the findings.
RESULTS
The MR analysis revealed an increased risk of acne associated with BC (IVW: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.011-1.117, p = 0.016), while noting a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in BC patients (IVW: OR = 0.941, 95% CI = 0.886-0.999, p = 0.047). No significant associations were observed between BC and psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, or rosacea. Conversely, reverse MR analyses detected no effect of BC on the incidence of inflammatory skin diseases. The absence of pleiotropy and the consistency of these outcomes strengthen the study's conclusions.
CONCLUSION
Findings indicate an elevated incidence of acne and a reduced incidence of AD in individuals with BC within the European population.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Rosacea; Psoriasis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Acne Vulgaris; Urticaria; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38937884
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13782 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jun 2024Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant bacterium of the human skin microbiome since adolescence, participating in both skin homeostasis and diseases. Here, we...
Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant bacterium of the human skin microbiome since adolescence, participating in both skin homeostasis and diseases. Here, we demonstrate individual and niche heterogeneity of C. acnes from 1,234 isolate genomes. Skin disease (atopic dermatitis and acne) and body site shape genomic differences of C. acnes, stemming from horizontal gene transfer and selection pressure. C. acnes harbors characteristic metabolic functions, fewer antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, and a more stable genome compared with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Integrated genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis at the strain level unveils the functional characteristics of C. acnes. Consistent with the transcriptome signature, C. acnes in a sebum-rich environment induces toxic and pro-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes. L-carnosine, an anti-oxidative stress metabolite, is up-regulated in the C. acnes metabolome from atopic dermatitis and attenuates skin inflammation. Collectively, our study reveals the joint impact of genes and the microenvironment on C. acnes function.
PubMed: 38936370
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.002 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jun 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is still a demanding challenge in clinical practice. Type 2 inflammation is the most common inflammatory pathway in children and adolescents with... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is still a demanding challenge in clinical practice. Type 2 inflammation is the most common inflammatory pathway in children and adolescents with AD. Anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly corticosteroids (CS) and immunomodulant agents are the primary therapeutic approach to dampening type 2 inflammation. However, AD patients may require long-term high CS doses or drug combinations with possibly significant adverse effects to achieve and maintain disease control. In this regard, the advent of biologics constituted a breakthrough in managing this condition. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-4 receptor α-subunit (IL-4Rα), antagonizing both IL-4 and IL-13 and is approved for pediatric severe AD. This review presents and discusses the most recent published studies on dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD. There is convincing evidence that dupilumab is safe and effective in managing AD. It can reduce skin lesions and associated itching, reduce the need for additional medications, and improve disease control and quality of life. However, a thorough diagnostic pathway is mandatory, especially considering the different AD phenotypes. The ideal eligible candidate is a child or adolescent with AD requiring systemic treatment because of severe clinical manifestations and impaired quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Adolescent; Child; Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit; Severity of Illness Index; Interleukin-4; Quality of Life; Interleukin-13; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38934228
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14181 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and an unbalanced inflammatory reaction. AD... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and an unbalanced inflammatory reaction. AD pathophysiology involves a dysregulated immune response driven by T helper-2 cells. Many factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in AD pathogenesis by causing cellular damage and inflammation resulting in skin barrier dysfunction. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of natural molecules and antioxidant compounds, highlighting their potential therapeutic value in AD prevention and management. They include vitamin D, vitamin E, pyridoxine, Vitamin C, carotenoids, and melatonin. Some studies report a statistically significant association between antioxidant levels and improvement in AD, however, there are conflicting results in which antioxidant supplementation, especially Vitamin D, did not result in improvement in AD. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of these dietary nutritional factors in the treatment of AD needs to be further evaluated in clinical trials. Meanwhile, antioxidants can be incorporated into the management of AD patients in a personalized manner, tailored to the severity of the disease, comorbidities, and individual needs.
PubMed: 38933878
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393673 -
Vaccines Jun 2024Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of IgE antibodies against environmental allergens...
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of IgE antibodies against environmental allergens and mainly house dust mite allergens. This complex dermatological pathology involves Interleukin 31 (IL-31) as a central itch mediator. One of the most effective CAD treatments is a caninized monoclonal antibody (mAb) called Lokivetmab. It is produced in CHO cells and targets specifically canine IL-31 (cIL-31) and blocks its cellular messaging. This treatment has undoubtedly contributed to a breakthrough in dermatitis-related pruritus. However, its production in mammalian cells requires time-consuming procedures, high production costs, and investment. Plants are considered an emerging protein production platform for recombinant biopharmaceuticals due to their cost-effectiveness and rapidity for production. Here, we use transient expression in plants to produce recombinant canine Interleukin 31 (cIL-31) and an anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibody (M1). First, we describe the production and characterization of M1 and then its activity on an IL-31-induced pruritic model in dogs compared to its commercial homolog. Dogs treated with the plant-made M1 mAb have shown similar improvements to Lokivetmab-treated ones after different challenges using canine IL-31. Furthermore, M1 injections were not associated with any side effects. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this plant-made Lokivetmab biosimilar to control dogs' pruritus in a well-established model. Finally, this study shows that the plant-production platform can be utilized to produce rapidly functional mAbs and bring hope to the immunotherapy field of veterinary medicine.
PubMed: 38932349
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060620 -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2024Long-term inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis is characterized by dry skin, itching, and eczematous lesions. During inflammation skin barrier protein impairment...
Long-term inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis is characterized by dry skin, itching, and eczematous lesions. During inflammation skin barrier protein impairment promotes colonisation in the inflamed skin, worsening AD patient's clinical condition. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of several immune evasion proteins and virulence factors in extracellular vesicles (EVs), suggesting a possible role for these proteins in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a wall fragment obtained from a patented strain of DSM28251 (c40) and its combination with a mucopolysaccharide carrier (HAc40) in counteract the pathogenic potential of EVs produced by ATCC 14458. Results obtained from in vitro studies on HaCaT keratinocyte cells showed that HAc40 and c40 treatment significantly altered the size and pathogenicity of EVs. Specifically, EVs grew larger, potentially reducing their ability to interact with the target cells and decreasing cytotoxicity. Additionally, the overexpression of the tight junctions mRNA zona occludens 1 (ZO1) and claudin 1 (CLDN1) following EVs exposure was decreased by HAc40 and c40 treatment, indicating a protective effect on the epidermal barrier's function. These findings demonstrate how Hac40 and c40 may mitigate the harmful effects of EVs. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying this interaction and explore the potential clinical utility of c40 and its mucopolysaccharide carrier conjugate HAc40 in managing atopic dermatitis.
PubMed: 38931910
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060789 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024is a plant of the Cannabaceae family, whose molecular composition is known for its vast pharmacological properties. Cannabinoids are the molecules responsible for... (Review)
Review
is a plant of the Cannabaceae family, whose molecular composition is known for its vast pharmacological properties. Cannabinoids are the molecules responsible for potential effects, especially tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Scientific development has shown interest in the potential of cannabidiol in various health conditions, as it has demonstrated lower adverse events and great pharmacological potential, especially when administered topically. The present study aims to carry out a scoping review, focusing on the use of cannabidiol, in vivo models, for topical administration. Thus, the methodological approach used by the Joanna Briggs Institute was applied, and the studies were selected based on previously established inclusion criteria. Even though more information regarding the dose to achieve pharmacological potential is still needed, cannabidiol demonstrated potential in treating and preventing different conditions, such as glaucoma, atopic dermatitis, epidermolysis bullosa, and pyoderma gangrenosum.
PubMed: 38931415
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060748 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Given the ongoing rise in the occurrence of allergic disorders, alterations in dietary patterns have been proposed as a possible factor contributing to the emergence and... (Review)
Review
Given the ongoing rise in the occurrence of allergic disorders, alterations in dietary patterns have been proposed as a possible factor contributing to the emergence and progression of these conditions. Currently, there is a significant focus on the development of dietary therapies that utilize natural compounds possessing anti-allergy properties. Dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites have been intensively researched due to their well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory characteristics, making them one of the most prominent natural bioactive chemicals. This study seeks to discuss the in-depth mechanisms by which these molecules may exert anti-allergic effects, namely through their capacity to diminish the allergenicity of proteins, modulate immune responses, and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. However, further investigation is required to fully understand these effects. This paper examines the existing evidence from experimental and clinical studies that supports the idea that different polyphenols, such as catechins, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and others, can reduce allergic inflammation, relieve symptoms of food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, and prevent the progression of the allergic immune response. In summary, dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites possess significant anti-allergic properties and can be utilized for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies for targeting allergic conditions. The paper also discusses the constraints in investigating and broad usage of polyphenols, as well as potential avenues for future research.
PubMed: 38931338
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060670 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Cannabis contains numerous natural components and has several effects such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Cheungsam is a variety of non-drug-type...
Cannabis contains numerous natural components and has several effects such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Cheungsam is a variety of non-drug-type hemp, developed in Korea and is used for fiber (stem) and oil (seed). The efficacy of Cheungsam on skin is not yet known, and although there are previous studies on Cheungsam seed oil, there are no studies on Cheungsam seed husk. In this study, we investigated the potential of Cheungsam seed husk ethanol extract (CSSH) to alleviate skin inflammation through evaluating the gene and protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators. The results showed that CSSH reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and CXCL10) and atopic dermatitis-related cytokines (IL-4, CCL17, MDC and RANTES) in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. Furthermore, ERK, JNK and p38 phosphorylation were decreased and p-p65, p-IκBα, NLRP3, caspase-1, p-JAK1 and p-STAT6 were suppressed after CSSH treatment. CSSH significantly increased the level of the skin barrier factors filaggrin and involucrin. These results suggest that Cheungsam seed husk ethanol extract regulates the mechanism of skin inflammation and can be used as a new treatment for skin inflammatory diseases.
PubMed: 38931136
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121704