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PloS One 2024With the rapid pace of population aging, the health issues of the older adult have garnered widespread attention. Social participation plays a pivotal role in the health...
INTRODUCTION
With the rapid pace of population aging, the health issues of the older adult have garnered widespread attention. Social participation plays a pivotal role in the health of the older adult. This study aims to explore the impact of social participation on the health status of the older adult.
METHODS
Using a binary logistic regression model, this study analyzes the influence of social participation methods on the health status of older adult individuals in China based on cross-sectional data from the "China Comprehensive Social Survey" in 2021. The study sample comprises individuals aged 60 to 99 years.
RESULTS
It was found that participation in physical activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.907], social and recreational activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.387], and online activities [P<0.001, OR = 1.808] were significantly positively correlated with the health status of the older adult.
CONCLUSIONS
The health of older adults is influenced by a combination of physical activities, social and recreational activities, and online activities. Good health is closely associated with high levels of physical activity. Engaging in physical exercise promotes physiological health, while participating in social and recreational activities has a significant impact on cognitive and depressive states. Additionally, involvement in online activities helps alleviate feelings of loneliness and enhances overall well-being.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1)Promote the development of physical activities for the older adult: Create an integrated environment for physical exercise. 2)Expand the social circle of the older adult: Construct diverse and structured communities to enhance well-being. 3)Develop online activities for the older adult: Facilitate their integration into the digital age. 4)Foster interdisciplinary collaboration for older adult health: Build partnerships across various domains to promote older adult health.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Health Status; Female; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Social Participation; Exercise; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38917146
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305820 -
PloS One 2024The propensity to accept vaccines and factors that affect vaccine acceptance and hesitancy will determine the overall success of the COVID-19 vaccination program....
The propensity to accept vaccines and factors that affect vaccine acceptance and hesitancy will determine the overall success of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Therefore, countries need to understand the factors that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy to prevent further future shocks, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of these factors. As a result, this study aims to review selected published works in the study's domain and conduct valuable analysis to determine the most influential factors in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana. The review also explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana. We selected published works from 2021 to April 2023 and extracted, analyzed, and summarized the findings based on the key factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana, the acceptance rate in Ghana, the demographic factors that are often examined, and the study approach used to examine these factors. The study found that positive vaccination perception, safety, belief in vaccine efficacy, knowledge of COVID-19, and a good vaccine attitude influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ghana. The negative side effects of the vaccines, mistrust in the vaccine, lack of confidence in the vaccine's safety, fear, and spiritual and religious beliefs all played significant roles in influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. For this study, the COVID-19 acceptance rates observed in the reviewed articles ranged from 17.5% to 82.6%. The demographic parameters frequently included in these studies that have a significant impact include educational attainment, gender, religious affiliation, age, and marital status. The positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and concerns about its negative effects influenced Ghanaians' acceptance and hesitancy.
Topics: Humans; Ghana; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Vaccination Hesitancy; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Vaccination; SARS-CoV-2; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 38917063
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305993 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Jun 2024The treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a serious complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents challenges, particularly in patients...
PURPOSE
The treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a serious complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents challenges, particularly in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations.
METHODS
This study retrospectively analyzed data from 10 EGFR ex20ins-mutated NSCLC patients with LM admitted at our institution from May 2011 to June 2023. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and matched plasma samples was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. All patients received high-dose furmonertinib combined with intraventricular chemotherapy (IVC) as salvage therapy. Data on patient demographics, treatment efficacy, and safety outcomes were collected.
RESULTS
The most common insertion mutation identified in this study was p.A767_V769dup (n = 4, 40%), followed by D770-N771insY (n = 2, 20%). Nine patients had EGFR ex20ins occurring in the EGFR loop region following the C-helix, whereas only one patient had an EGFR ex20ins (A763_Y764insFQEA) occurring in the C-helix of the tyrosine kinase domain. LM response assessment using the RANO-LM criteria revealed that 6 patients (60%, 95% CI 26.2-87.8%) achieved a response, 3 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated to be 6.5 months and 8.8 months, respectively. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were rash (n = 7) and diarrhea (n = 7), with no treatment-related deaths occurring.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrated that high-dose furmonertinib plus IVC as salvage treatment for patients with LM harboring EGFR ex20ins mutations had promising clinical benefits and a manageable safety profile.
PubMed: 38916849
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04716-0 -
Health Promotion International Jun 2024Despite the inclusion of both individual interventions and population-based measures in the Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ) Tobacco Control Programme, the gap between...
Despite the inclusion of both individual interventions and population-based measures in the Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ) Tobacco Control Programme, the gap between Māori, Pacific peoples and European/Asian/Other (EAO) populations in tobacco use has not decreased significantly. Tobacco control interventions that focus on individual behaviour change have produced little impact towards reducing tobacco smoking inequities for Māori and Pacific peoples in Aotearoa NZ. Using data from the New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS), this research investigates the impact of the wider determinants of health and individual-level factors on inequities in tobacco use between Māori, Pacific peoples and EAO. A conceptual framework was developed to support the theoretical positioning of this research and to inform data categorization, framing, discourse, analyses and interpretation. We conducted hierarchical regression to examine the effect of factors from each domain on ethnic inequities in tobacco use. We found that socioeconomic factors accounted for a significant amount of the disparity in adults currently smoking between Māori and Pacific peoples and EAO. Our results suggest that socioeconomic factors may be a more effective target of intervention than individual behaviours for reducing tobacco-related inequities. Addressing the broader determinants of health through comprehensive cross-agency cooperation to reduce ethnic inequities in tobacco use in Aotearoa NZ is likely to be more effective than individual behaviour change approaches.
Topics: Humans; New Zealand; Adult; Female; Male; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Socioeconomic Factors; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Tobacco Use; Smoking; Health Status Disparities; Health Surveys; Young Adult; Ethnicity; Aged
PubMed: 38916147
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae060 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a significant clinical challenge observed in patients with breast cancer, manifesting during or after treatment. This impairment...
Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a significant clinical challenge observed in patients with breast cancer, manifesting during or after treatment. This impairment leads to deteriorations in memory, processing speed, attention, and executive functioning, which profoundly impact patients' occupational performance, daily living activities, and overall quality of life. Grounded in the Symptom Science Model 2.0, this study investigates the contributing factors to Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients and develops a predictive nomogram for this demographic. Employing both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, this investigation delineates the predictive factors influencing outcomes in breast cancer patients. A nomogram was constructed leveraging these identified predictive factors, accompanied by internal validation through bootstrap resampling methodology (1000 bootstrap samples). The efficacy of the predictive model was assessed by employing the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and calibration curves. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients was identified to be 45.83%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the independent predictors of Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients as place of residence, educational level, chemotherapy, benefit finding, post-traumatic growth, anxiety, fear of cancer progression, and fasting blood glucose levels. these factors were integrated into the nomogram. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the prediction model was appropriately calibrated (χ = 11.520, P = 0.174). Furthermore, the model exhibited an area under the curve of 0.955 (95% CI 0.939 to 0.971) and a sensitivity of 0.906, evidencing its robust discriminative capacity and accuracy. Utilizing the Symptom Science Model 2.0 as a framework, this study comprehensively examines the multifaceted factors influencing Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients, spanning five critical domains: complex symptoms, phenotypic characterization, biobehavioral factors, social determinants of health, and patient-centered experiences. A predictive nomogram model was established, demonstrating satisfactory predictive accuracy and capability. This model is capable of identifying breast cancer patients with cognitive impairments with high precision. The findings furnish empirical evidence in support of the early detection, diagnosis, and intervention strategies for high-risk breast cancer patients afflicted with Cancer-related cognitive impairment.
Topics: Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Nomograms; Cognitive Dysfunction; Middle Aged; Adult; Risk Factors; Aged; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38914627
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65406-5 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Jun 2024Lower extremity acute limb ischemia (LE-ALI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and a burden on patient quality of life (QoL). There is limited...
OBJECTIVE
Lower extremity acute limb ischemia (LE-ALI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and a burden on patient quality of life (QoL). There is limited medium- to long-term evidence on mechanical aspiration thrombectomy (MT) in patients with LE-ALI. The STRIDE study was designed to assess safety and efficacy of MT using the Indigo Aspiration System in patients with LE-ALI. Thirty-day primary and secondary endpoints and additional outcomes were previously published. Here, we report 365-day secondary endpoints and QoL data from STRIDE.
METHODS
STRIDE was a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, observational cohort study that enrolled 119 patients across 16 sites in the United States and Europe. Patients were treated first-line with MT using the Indigo Aspiration System (Penumbra, Inc). The study completed follow-up in October 2023. Secondary endpoints at 365 days included target limb salvage and mortality. Additionally, the VascuQoL-6 questionnaire, developed for evaluating patient-centered QoL outcomes for peripheral arterial disease, was assessed at baseline and follow-up through 365 days.
RESULTS
Seventy-three percent of patients (87/119) were available for 365-day follow-up. Mean age of these patients was 65.0 ± 13.3 years, and 44.8% were female. Baseline ischemic severity was classified as Rutherford I in 12.6%, Rutherford IIa in 51.7%, and Rutherford IIb in 35.6%. In general, baseline and disease characteristics (demographics, medical history, comorbidities, target thrombus) of these patients are similar to the enrolled cohort of 119 patients. The secondary endpoints at 365 days for target limb salvage was 88.5% (77/87) and mortality rate was 12.0% (12/100). VascuQoL-6 improved across all domains, with a median total score improvement from 12.0 (interquartile range, 9.0-15.0) at baseline to 19.0 (interquartile range, 16.0-22.0) at 365 days.
CONCLUSIONS
These 365-day results from STRIDE demonstrate that first-line MT with the Indigo Aspiration System for LE-ALI portray continued high target limb salvage rates and improved patient-reported QoL. These findings indicate Indigo as a safe and effective therapeutic option for LE-ALI.
PubMed: 38914349
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.05.043 -
Journal of Aging and Health Jun 2024This study explores the role that place of birth and place of residence have in variation in cognition in adulthood in the UK. We take advantage of both the large sample...
This study explores the role that place of birth and place of residence have in variation in cognition in adulthood in the UK. We take advantage of both the large sample size and number of cognitive domains in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of place of birth and place of residence on adulthood cognition using multilevel modeling. We find, consistent with studies in the US, that place effects at both time points contribute modest variation (<3% of the variation) across all measured cognitive domains, suggesting a relative lack of contribution of shared environments in explaining future Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Moreover, the geographical contribution to cognitive function in adulthood was slightly larger for females than for males. This study is among the first to explore the impact of both the independent and joint associations of place of birth and place of residence with different cognitive domains.
PubMed: 38913720
DOI: 10.1177/08982643241264586 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Traffic accidents on the road is an accident is a terrible accident that causes death, injury, and property damage. However, limited studies were addressed to...
BACKGROUND
Traffic accidents on the road is an accident is a terrible accident that causes death, injury, and property damage. However, limited studies were addressed to investigate the prevalence of traffic accidents on the road and the contributing factors among drivers that help in developing strategies to cop-up the incidence within the research domain in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of road traffic accidents and the contributing factors among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional survey was employed among 376 drivers of public transportation. Every research subject was selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires which comprised demographic characteristics, risky personal behaviors and lifestyles, driver's factors, vehicle condition, and environmental conditions were used to gather data. And then after, data was collected through interviewer-administered using KoBo Collect tools. Completed data were edited and cleaned in the Kobo collect toolbox and then exported for additional analysis to a statistical tool for social science statistics version 26. The descriptive statistics were displayed as figures, tables, and texts. Binary logistic regression was analyzed to identify the contributing factors. Statistically significant was decided with a -value of ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The results showed that the prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was 17%. The study identified factors influencing traffic accidents on the roads including marital status (being single), employee condition (permanent), monthly income (1001-2500 Ethiopia Birr), alcohol use, vehicle maintenance (not), road type (non-asphalt), and weather conditions (being windy).
CONCLUSION
The overall prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was relatively low. Despite this, sociodemographic characteristics, driver factors, vehicle conditions, and environmental conditions [road type and weather conditions] were the predicting factors of traffic accidents in town. Therefore, reduction strategies should be the highest priority duty for concerned bodies like Mizan Aman town road and transport office, Bench Sheko zone transport and logistics office, and Southwest Ethiopia People Regional State (SWEPRS) transport bureau in the study area.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Automobile Driving; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Transportation; Young Adult; Risk-Taking; Adolescent
PubMed: 38912259
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1307884 -
Patient Preference and Adherence 2024Medication adherence is crucial for achieving clinical goals. Medication adherence drivers and behaviors were explored across multiple conditions, countries, and...
PURPOSE
Medication adherence is crucial for achieving clinical goals. Medication adherence drivers and behaviors were explored across multiple conditions, countries, and medication schedules/modalities to develop a conceptual model of medication adherence, which could later be used to support development of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of adherence.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Targeted review of qualitative literature identified important medication adherence concepts. Fifty-seven qualitative concept elicitation interviews were conducted (USA n=21, Spain n=18, Germany n=18). Participants were prescribed medication for: hypertension (n=9), asthma (n=8), multiple myeloma (n=8), psoriasis (n=8), diabetes (n=7), depression (n=7), multiple sclerosis (n=7), and/or schizophrenia (n=6). Thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts was performed. Expert clinicians (n=3) provided input throughout.
RESULTS
Nine qualitative articles were selected for review from 2168 screened abstracts. Forty-two medication adherence concepts were reported and grouped into 10 domains. Eight forms of medication adherence were reported during interviews, along with 27 drivers of non-adherence, all of which were incorporated into a conceptual model. Participants reported skipping medication doses (n=36/57; 63.2%) or taking medication later in the day than prescribed (n=29/57; 50.9%). Common drivers of non-adherence included forgetfulness (n=35/57; 61.4%), being out of the usual routine (n=31/57; 54.4%) and being busy (n=22/57; 38.6%). US participants were more likely to report non-adherence due to low perceived efficacy (n=6/21, 28.6%) and cost (n=5/21, 23.8%) than German (n=1/18, 5.6%; n=0/18, 0.0%) or Spanish (n=2/18, 11.1%; n=1/18, 5.6%) participants.
CONCLUSION
Findings highlight the diverse forms and drivers of medication non-adherence, informing the development of a comprehensive conceptual model of medication adherence. The conceptual model builds on and advances previous models of medication adherence and can be used by healthcare professionals to understand and interpret barriers to medication adherence and how best to support patients in taking their medication as intended.
PubMed: 38911591
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S433662 -
Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine 2024Research has identified a positive relationship between physical activity and neuropsychological functioning across the lifespan. The present study further examined the...
Research has identified a positive relationship between physical activity and neuropsychological functioning across the lifespan. The present study further examined the relationship between physical activity, depression, anxiety, and cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults (ages 65-96) who completed an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation ( = 526). Psychometrically sound and validated measures were used to assess depression, anxiety, and cognitive functioning. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to examine differences between individuals who reported regularly engaging in physical activity and those who did not, after adjusting for demographic variables (age, education, and gender). Results indicated that physical activity was associated with better scores on measures of depression, anxiety, and cognitive functioning. Effect sizes for total scores on all measures were large, but there was a sizeable range of effect sizes (from small to large) for various cognitive domains. Smallest effect sizes were observed for subtests measuring language skills and visuospatial abilities, whereas largest effect sizes were seen in processing speed and memory. Results suggest that engaging in physical activity may be a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for older adults. These findings underscore the importance of integrating physical activity programs in community and healthcare settings to foster mental and cognitive health in older populations.
PubMed: 38911221
DOI: 10.1177/23337214241262924