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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024The application of direct current can have a significant impact on the rate of tooth movement and surrounding periodontal ligament collagen turnover. This study aims to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
An Immunohistochemical and Histological Study of the Animal Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Force Application with Concomitant Application of Electric Current - An Animal Study.
INTRODUCTION
The application of direct current can have a significant impact on the rate of tooth movement and surrounding periodontal ligament collagen turnover. This study aims to provide insight into the optimal characteristics of applied current to achieve enhanced tissue response.
METHOD
Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (I, II, and III). Split mouth design was used, and each side was allocated into an experimental group or control group. Experimental sides of groups I, II, and III received 20, 10, and 15 μA of current (15 min, twice daily for 3 days). Both the experimental and control groups receive an orthodontic force via the NiTi closed coil spring. The amount of tooth movement was determined daily. Immunohistochemistry slides were scored using the immunoreactive scoring (IRS) system for collagen types I and III. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyse the rate of tooth movement, while Mann-Whitney test was used to analyse IRS distribution between control and experimental groups.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference in tooth movement in all the experimental groups, with group 3 showing the maximum rate on days 2 and 3. This was supported by immunoreactive scores for both collagen types I and III.
CONCLUSIONS
After 72 hours, the expression of collagen types 1 and 3 increased significantly for group III. This finding was in harmony with the rate of tooth movement, which was maximum for group 3 (15 μA) as compared to other groups.
Topics: Periodontal Ligament; Animals; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Movement Techniques; Male; Rats; Collagen Type I; Immunohistochemistry; Collagen Type III; Orthodontic Wires; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium
PubMed: 38934753
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_905_22 -
Cureus May 2024Dental implantology is continually evolving in its quest to discover new biomaterials to improve dental implant success rates. The study explored the potential of...
BACKGROUND
Dental implantology is continually evolving in its quest to discover new biomaterials to improve dental implant success rates. The study explored the potential of innovative biomaterials for dental implant surfaces, including titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy, hydroxyapatite-coated titanium (HA-Ti), and porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK), in comparison to conventional commercially pure titanium (CP Ti).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 186 samples were harvested for the analysis. Biomaterials were thoroughly evaluated in terms of surface topography, chemical composition, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, and bacterial adhesion. Study methods and techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cell culture variants, tensile tests, hardness measurements, histological analysis, and microbiological testing.
RESULTS
Surface topography examination showed significant disparities between the biomaterials: Ti-Zr had a better roughness of 1.23 μm, while HA-Ti demonstrated a smoother surface at 0.98 μm. Chemical composition evaluation indicated the presence of a Ti-Zr alloy in Ti-Zr, calcium-phosphorus richness in HA-Ti, and high titanium amounts in CP Ti. The mechanical properties assessment showed that Ti-Zr and CP Ti had good tensile strengths of 750 MPa and 320 HV. In addition, bacterial adhesion tests showed low propensities for Ti-Zr and HA-Ti at 1200 and 800 cfu/cm, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Ti-Zr and HA-Ti performed better than the other biomaterials in surface topography and mechanical properties and against bacterial adhesion. This study emphasizes that multi-parameter analysis is critical for clinical decision-making, allowing for the selection of the currently available biomaterial, which could be conducive to the long-term success of the implant.
PubMed: 38933613
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61175 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This paper reports the results of our study on electrochemical polishing of titanium and a Ti-based alloy using non-aqueous electrolyte. It was shown that...
This paper reports the results of our study on electrochemical polishing of titanium and a Ti-based alloy using non-aqueous electrolyte. It was shown that electropolishing ensured the removal of surface defects, thereby providing surface smoothing and decreasing surface roughness. The research was conducted using samples made of titanium and TiAlV alloy, as well as implant system elements: implant analog, multiunit, and healing screw. Electropolishing was carried out under a constant voltage (10-15 V) with a specified current density. The electrolyte used contained methanol and sulfuric acid. The modified surface was subjected to a thorough analysis regarding its surface morphology, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscope images and profilometer tests of roughness confirmed significantly smoother surfaces after electropolishing. The surface profile analysis of processed samples also yielded satisfactory results, showing less imperfections than before modification. The EDX spectra showed that electropolishing does not have significant influence on the chemical composition of the samples.
PubMed: 38930203
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122832 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jun 2024In the original publication [...].
In the original publication [...].
PubMed: 38921543
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060159 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jun 2024The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel...
The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel approach to improving dental implants. Although endosseous TA6V alloy dental implants are widely used in oral implantology, this material presents significant challenges, notably the prevalence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, in this study, we investigate a new advance in the design of hybrid medical devices. This involves the design of a Ca-SZ coating deposited by PVD on a TA6V substrate. This approach aims to overcome the inherent limitations of each of these materials, namely TA6V's susceptibility to peri-implantitis on the one hand and zirconia's excessively high Young's modulus compared with bone on the other, while benefiting from their respective advantages, such as the ductility of TA6V and the excellent biocompatibility of zirconia, offering relevant prospects for the design of high-performance implantable medical devices. This study integrates characterisation techniques, focusing on the structural and elemental analysis of the Ca-SZ coating by XRD and TEM. The results suggest that this coating combines a tetragonal structure, a uniform morphology with no apparent defects, a clean interface highlighting good adhesion, and a homogeneous composition of calcium, predisposing it to optimal biocompatibility. All of these findings make this innovative coating a particularly suitable candidate for application in dental implantology.
PubMed: 38921529
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060155 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Fixed prosthodontic treatment involves the replacement of missing tooth structures with a variety of materials. Several newer metal-free ceramics have been...
Introduction Fixed prosthodontic treatment involves the replacement of missing tooth structures with a variety of materials. Several newer metal-free ceramics have been developed in recent years to meet patients' aesthetic needs. The long-term performance of all ceramics, however, is unknown, necessitating a continuous evaluation of the materials' strength. Aim The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of IPS E max pressable crowns and graphene crowns, which are luted with Rely X U200 self-adhesive resin cement on the respective dies, as well as thermocycling of IPS E max pressable crowns and thermocycling of graphene crowns. The current review was conducted as an in vitro examination at the Division of Prosthodontics, GSL Dental School, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and methods On a typodont tooth, a shoulder finish line design was prepared and incisal reduction was performed. The tooth was scanned, designed, and milled to produce 18 metal dies made of cobalt-chrome alloy. These metal dies produced a total of (n=36) all-ceramic crowns, which were divided into two groups based on crown type: 18 IPS E max crowns and 18 graphene crowns. The participants were once again divided into two subgroups within each group, with the purpose of assessing fracture resistance. This evaluation was conducted using a universal testing machine both before and after subjecting the specimens to thermocycling. The obtained data were sent for statistical analysis. Results Fracture resistance values were reduced after thermocycling of both IPS E max and Graphene crowns. Without thermocycling, the fracture resistance values of IPS E max crowns were higher than those of graphene crowns. Conclusions The fracture resistance of IPS E max crowns exhibited a statistically significant increase when compared to graphene crowns. Additionally, it was shown that the fracture resistance of both materials was reduced upon exposure to thermocycling.
PubMed: 38919249
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61097 -
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics : JCO May 2024
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Female; Tooth Movement Techniques; Dental Alloys; Malocclusion; Male; Adolescent
PubMed: 38917040
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus May 2024To compare the bond strength of two types of resin cement to that of additive manufacturing (AM) or cast cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the bond strength of two types of resin cement to that of additive manufacturing (AM) or cast cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two types of resin luting cement, composite resin and methyl methacrylate (MMA), were bonded to AM or cast Co-Cr alloys, and shear bond tests were performed after seven days of storage in distilled water at 37°C. Co-Cr alloy adhesive elements AM to the enamel surface of the labial aspect of a bovine mandibular central incisor crown were bonded with two types of resin luting cement and subjected to 1,000 cycles of storage in water for one day and 28 days or thermal cycling, followed by shear bonding tests. Residual cement on the metal and enamel surfaces after the bonding tests was evaluated using an optical microscope. The normality of the results was evaluated using statistical software Statcel4, analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis test, depending on normality, and multiple comparison tests were performed using the Tukey-Kramer or Steel-Dwass tests.
RESULTS
After one day, the shear bond strength (SBS) was 25.9 MPa for Panavia V5 (PV; Kuraray Noritake Dental Corporation, Niigata, Japan) and 23.5 MPa for Super-Bond (SB; Sun Medical Corporation, Shiga, Japan), with no significant difference between the two cement types (P > 0.05). After 28 days, the SBS decreased to 4.1 MPa for PV and 6.7 MPa for SB, showing a significant difference between the two cements (P < 0.05). Following 1,000 thermal cycles, the SBS was 2.0 MPa for PV and 5.6 MPa for SB, with SB exhibiting a significantly higher value (P < 0.05). The adhesive strength was significantly lower after 28 days of storage and thermal cycling compared to after one day of storage (P < 0.05). The Co-Cr alloy exhibited more residual cement on the enamel surface due to interfacial fracture with the resin cement. The Co-Cr alloy showed more residual cement on the enamel surface due to interfacial fracture with the resin cement.
CONCLUSION
MMA-based resin cement showed optimal bond strength and may be suitable for clinical use in computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) orthodontic appliances.
PubMed: 38916016
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61041 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2024Titanium and its alloys are the most popular choice of materials for the reconstruction of craniofacial defects. They have lighter weight and are nonferromagnetic, which...
Estimation of Titanium Levels in Blood Following Reconstruction of Post-Craniotomy Defect by Titanium Mesh Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
INTRODUCTION
Titanium and its alloys are the most popular choice of materials for the reconstruction of craniofacial defects. They have lighter weight and are nonferromagnetic, which makes them an advantage in cranial defect reconstruction. Although the formed oxide layer makes them corrosion-resistant, levels of titanium in blood have been seen in trace amounts. This is the first study as per authors' knowledge that a study of such kind has been conducted.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A pilot study was carried out at a tertiary level hospital, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria in patients who were planned for the reconstruction of the residual defect using titanium mesh. Preoperative and 03- and 06-months postoperative blood samples were collected and analyzed for estimating the levels of titanium ions in blood by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
RESULTS
Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks was considered for testing of hypothesis summary, owing to the smaller sample size. The analysis suggested an increase in levels was minimal. Considering the asymptotic significances (two-tailed significance), a significance level was 0.050, which directed us to reject the null hypothesis. Pairwise comparison suggested the presence of negative values indicating steady increase in levels. Cluster analysis indicated that although minimal there is a cluster of difference in the values at all three stages. Continuous field information was used to determine the level with regard to the level of titanium at the three stages of study.
CONCLUSION
The study revealed that the levels of titanium ions increase on prolonged contact with living tissues. The trace elements have to be analyzed at regular intervals. This first-of-the-time study if extended to larger sample size would reveal interesting facts.
PubMed: 38911419
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02006-2 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Failure of orthodontic bracket bonds is a common occurrence during orthodontic treatment. This study investigated the impact of Er: YAG laser-based removal of adhesive... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Failure of orthodontic bracket bonds is a common occurrence during orthodontic treatment. This study investigated the impact of Er: YAG laser-based removal of adhesive from the bases of metal and ceramic brackets for re-bonding.
METHODS
A total of 168 extracted premolars were collected from patients. 84 metal brackets were used to be bonded on the buccal surface of the premolars in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, while 84 ceramic brackets were applied in Groups I, II, III and IV. Group 1/I represented the initial bonding group, with Group 2/II being the re-bonding group with new brackets, while Groups 3/III and 4/ IV received recycled brackets treated by Er: YAG laser or flaming respectively. Both the first and second de-bonding were performed in all samples using a universal testing machine to determine the shear bond strength (SBS). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated using a stereo-microscope. The new and the treated bracket bases were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences in initial bonding and re-bonding ability were analyzed through one-way ANOVAs, and differences in ARI were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS
Greater amounts of adhesive residue were observed on ceramic brackets treated by laser. The SBS values for recycled metal brackets in Group 3 (26.13 MPa) were comparable to Group 1 (23.62 MPa) whereas they differed significantly from Group 4 (12.54 MPa). No significant differences in these values were observed when comparing the 4 groups with ceramic brackets. ARI score in Group 4 (2-3 points) differed significantly from the three other groups (P < 0.05). For Group I, II, III and IV, similar ARI scores were observed (P > 0.05). SEM analysis didn't show apparent damage of bracket bases consisting of either metal or ceramic material treated by Er: YAG laser.
CONCLUSIONS
Er: YAG laser treatment was superior to flame treatment as a means of removing adhesive without damaging the brackets. SBS values and ARI scores following Er: YAG laser treatment were similar to those for new brackets, offering further support for Er: YAG laser treatment as a viable means of recycling debonded brackets.
Topics: Orthodontic Brackets; Lasers, Solid-State; Humans; Dental Bonding; Ceramics; Dental Debonding; Shear Strength; Dental Stress Analysis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Bicuspid; Dental Alloys; Resin Cements
PubMed: 38902669
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04504-2