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Cranio : the Journal of... May 2024To assess the association between self-reported symptoms of pediatric OSA and clinical signs in MB children.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between self-reported symptoms of pediatric OSA and clinical signs in MB children.
METHODS
Seventy-three MB children aged 7-14 years answered an interview questionnaire on OSA symptoms in childhood, focusing on chewing, nasal, and sleep disturbances. MB children were checked for changes on the craniofacial, occlusion, TMJ, upper airway, and body posture by a multi-disciplinary team, consisting of medical residents, dental, and psychology postgraduate students. Multiple logistic regression analysis verified the association between clinical signs and self-reported symptoms.
RESULTS
Reported symptoms of chewing disturbance as TMD noise, muscle pain, and morning headache were significantly associated with the presence of lip incompetence and Class II malocclusion. Sleep disturbances as snoring, waking up at night, daytime sleepiness, and sleeping with the mouth open were significantly associated with the presence of hypertrophic tonsils and obstructive Mallampati score.
CONCLUSION
Symptoms of pediatric OSA were found in mouth-breathing children, which should be carefully investigated in order to prevent OSA in the future.
PubMed: 38785125
DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2024.2356631 -
Cureus Apr 2024Dentinal hypersensitivity is a brief and painful oral condition that is characterized by an abrupt shooting sensation. Stimulation occurs when hot, cold, sweet, or sour...
Comparative Evaluation of Er: YAG Laser, Diode Laser, and Novamin Technology for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In-Vitro Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) Study.
BACKGROUND
Dentinal hypersensitivity is a brief and painful oral condition that is characterized by an abrupt shooting sensation. Stimulation occurs when hot, cold, sweet, or sour food comes into contact with exposed dentinal tubules. The present study used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to investigate the efficacy of Er: YAG, 810 nm diode LASER, and NovaMin Technology in obstructing dentinal tubules.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We extracted the outer layers of 30 human teeth to expose the tubules and then treated the surfaces with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to create an etched effect. Three cohorts were created from the portions. Group A was subjected to the application of Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er: YAG) laser with a power output of 2W in the non-contact mode for 1 minute. Group B was subjected to the application of an 810nm diode laser with a power output of 1W in continuous mode for 30 seconds. Group C was subjected to the application of NovaMin paste, which contains a 927 ppm fluoride content. Following the therapy, occluded dentinal tubules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for both quantitative and qualitative examination. The data analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, with a significance threshold of 0.05.
RESULTS
The average percentages of complete blockage of dentinal tubules in Groups A, B, and C were evaluated using the number of entirely unobstructed dentinal tubules at magnifications of 2000X (F = 3.05, p = 0.064), 5000X (F = 5.33, p = 0.011), and 10000X (F = 8.63, p = 0.001). The count of partially open dentinal tubules seen at magnifications of 2000X, 5000X, and 10000X was F = 10.15 (P < 0.001), F = 5.97 (p = 0.007), and F = 2.12 (p = 0.140) accordingly.
CONCLUSION
NovaMin technology has demonstrated more effectiveness in blocking dentinal tubules compared to 810nm diodes and Er: YAG lasers.
PubMed: 38784366
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58806 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation May 2024Mandibular malpositioning may result in an abnormal concentration of stresses within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult rats, which may further lead to a series...
Influence on the temporomandibular joint induced by mandibular malpositioning caused by vertical dimension elevation and occlusal loss in adult rats: An imaging, histological and immunohistochemical study.
BACKGROUND
Mandibular malpositioning may result in an abnormal concentration of stresses within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult rats, which may further lead to a series of pathological changes, such as articular cartilage wear, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. However, the pathological and adaptive changes in condylar cartilage caused by different stress distributions are still controversial.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to observe the effect of sagittal changes in mandibular position on condylar cartilage by changing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in adult rats.
METHODS
Fifteen-week-old female rats were divided into three groups: control (CON), increased OVD (iOVD) and loss of occlusion (LO) groups. An occlusal plate and tooth extraction were used to establish the animal model. TMJ samples of the experimental and CON groups were observed and investigated by bone morphological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical staining analyses at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Weight curves were plotted.
RESULTS
Micro-computed tomography showed that, compared with the CON group, cartilage destruction followed by repair occurred in both experimental groups, which was similar to the trend observed in haematoxylin-eosin staining. All experimental results for the iOVD group showed an approximately similar time trend. Compared with the iOVD group, the toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining results in the LO group showed no obvious change trend over time.
CONCLUSION
Compared with occlusal loss, an increase in OVD caused faster and more severe damage to condylar cartilage, and subchondral bone repair occurred later.
PubMed: 38783585
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13739 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2024Considering fluid stimulation is one of the essential biomechanical signals for periodontal tissues, this study aims to characterizing fluid mechanics response during...
OBJECTIVE
Considering fluid stimulation is one of the essential biomechanical signals for periodontal tissues, this study aims to characterizing fluid mechanics response during occlusal loading by a hydro-mechanical coupling model for periodontal ligament.
DESIGN
Models simulating periodontium with normal bone height and with intraosseous defects were built with three mechanical modules: tooth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Tooth was modeled as linear elastic, and periodontal ligament and alveolar bone as a hydro-mechanical coupling model. Transient analyses under dynamic occlusal loading were performed. Fluid dynamics within periodontal ligament space was simulated and visualized by post-processing module.
RESULTS
Reciprocating oscillatory flow occurred within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Higher pore pressure and fluid velocity were observed in furcation and apical regions compared to mid-root and cervical regions. Intraosseous defects increased pore pressure and fluid velocity within the periodontal ligament, most significantly near the defect.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the hydro-mechanical coupling model, significant oscillatory fluid motion is observed within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Particularly, higher fluid velocity is evident in the furcation and apical areas. Additionally, Intraosseous defects significantly enhance fluid motion within the periodontal ligament.
Topics: Periodontal Ligament; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Alveolar Process; Hydrodynamics; Models, Biological; Computer Simulation; Bite Force
PubMed: 38781742
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106008 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... May 2024The purposes of this study were to classify the described digital facebow techniques for transferring the maxillary cast into the semi-adjustable virtual articulator... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The purposes of this study were to classify the described digital facebow techniques for transferring the maxillary cast into the semi-adjustable virtual articulator based on the digital data acquisition technology used and to review the reported accuracy values of the different digital facebow methods described.
OVERVIEW
Digital data acquisition technologies, including digital photographs, facial scanners, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, and jaw tracking systems, can be used to transfer the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator. The reported techniques are reviewed, as well as the reported accuracy values of the different digital facebow methods.
CONCLUSIONS
Digital photographs can be used to transfer the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator using the true horizontal reference plane, but limited studies have assessed the accuracy of this method. Facial scanning and CBCT techniques can be used to transfer the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator, in which the most frequently selected references planes are the Frankfort horizontal, axis orbital, and true horizontal planes. Studies analyzing the accuracy of the maxillary cast transfer by using facial scanning and CBCT techniques are restricted. Lastly, optical jaw trackers can be selected for transferring the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator by using the axis orbital or true horizontal planes, yet the accuracy of these systems is unknown.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Digital data acquisition technologies, including digital photographs, facial scanning methods, CBCTs, and optical jaw tracking systems, can be used to transfer the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator. Studies are needed to assess the accuracy of these digital data acquisition technologies for transferring the maxillary cast into the virtual articulator.
PubMed: 38778662
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13264 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024A change in professionals' perspectives on the value of general anesthesia (GA) for pediatric patients, including those with disabilities, medical conditions, severe...
BACKGROUND
A change in professionals' perspectives on the value of general anesthesia (GA) for pediatric patients, including those with disabilities, medical conditions, severe oral issues, and challenging behaviors. Full-mouth rehabilitation under GA allows for the comprehensive treatment of all oral health problems in a single visit, without requiring the child's active participation. Extensive dental problems are often associated with severe dental pain, which can impact cognitive function, including perception, attention, memory, reasoning, language, communication, and executive functions. Individuals experiencing pain tend to perform less optimally cognitively.
AIM
This study aimed to investigate changes in cognition, brain function, and cortical alterations in children who underwent extensive dental rehabilitation under GA.
PATIENTS ANDMETHODS
Thirty uncooperative, healthy children aged 6-12 with extensive dental issues were enrolled. Pain levels were assessed using the FLACC and WBFPS scales before treatment, one week after, and three months later. Cognitive assessments, including the WCST, processing speed, digit span, and Trail Making Test, as well as EEG measurements, were also performed.
RESULTS
The results showed a significant improvement in pain levels reported by the children or their caregivers after the dental procedures, both at one week and three months. All cognitive measures, such as digit span, processing speed, and WCST performance, demonstrated substantial improvements after the treatment. The Trail Making Test also exhibited statistically significant variations before and after the dental procedures. Additionally, the MOCA test revealed a notable improvement in cognitive skills following the treatment. Furthermore, the EEG power ratio, an indicator of changes in the power balance within each frequency band, showed a statistically significant difference after the dental procedures.
CONCLUSION
the findings of this study suggest that full-mouth rehabilitation under GA can lead to improved pain management, as well as enhanced cognitive and brain functions in children.
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
More clinical studies with a longer follow-up period and a different age range of children are required to investigate the connection between brain function and oral rehabilitation involving restorations or occlusion issues.
Topics: Humans; Child; Male; Female; Pain Measurement; Cognition; Mouth Rehabilitation; Anesthesia, General; Electroencephalography; Cerebral Cortex
PubMed: 38778294
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04356-w -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024The superimposition of 3 dimensions (3D) digital models has been increasingly used for evaluating dental changes resulting from orthodontic treatment, and different...
INTRODUCTION
The superimposition of 3 dimensions (3D) digital models has been increasingly used for evaluating dental changes resulting from orthodontic treatment, and different superimposition techniques have been described. Although the maxilla has areas with greater stability for superimposition, such as the palatal rugae, there is still no reliable method for superimposing models of the lower arch.
OBJECTIVE
Therefore, this article aims to describe a technique for superimposing virtual models.
METHODS
To evaluate pre- and post-orthodontic treatment changes, the Geomagic Qualify 2013 software (3D Systems®, Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA) was used, with reference points in the maxilla, including the rugae and a reference area in the palate and midpalatal raphe. The lower arch was superimposed using the maximum habitual intercuspation (MHI) model as reference.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
3D models superimposition using palatal rugae and MHI occlusion seems to offer satisfactory results in the interpretation of clinical changes at different follow-up moments in terms of development and/or orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Models, Dental; Software; Maxilla; Palate, Hard; Palate; Dental Occlusion; Mandible
PubMed: 38775602
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.29.2.e24spe2 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians.
METHODS
A sample of 216 lateral radiographs of untreated young Brazilian subjects (mean age of 12.94 years; SD 0.88) were divided into five groups: Black Caucasian, Black, Caucasian, Japanese, and Japanese Brazilian. Lateral radiographs were used to measure the oropharynx (from the midpoint on the soft palate to the closest point on the anterior pharyngeal wall) and the nasopharynx (from the intersection of the posterior border of the tongue and the inferior border of the mandible to the closest point on the posterior pharyngeal wall). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed (p< 0.05).
RESULTS
The linear dimension of the oropharynx was similar among the different ethnic groups. Caucasian individuals presented a significantly greater linear dimension of the nasopharynx than Black Caucasian and Black individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
All the groups had similar buccopharyngeal values. However, Caucasian individuals had significantly higher values when compared to Black Caucasians and Black individuals.
Topics: Humans; Cephalometry; White People; Nasopharynx; Oropharynx; Black People; Child; Male; Female; Asian People; Mandible; Adolescent; Brazil; Tongue; Japan; Palate, Soft; Dental Occlusion; Ethnicity
PubMed: 38775599
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.29.2.e2423206.oar -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024The need to increase the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) to restore lost dental function or optimise specific dental treatments is a common occurrence in daily... (Review)
Review
The need to increase the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) to restore lost dental function or optimise specific dental treatments is a common occurrence in daily dental practice. The common belief that the Vertical Dimension at Rest (VDR) is fixed hinders the development of restorations with a VDO that encroaches on or surpasses the interocclusal rest space (IRS), thereby preventing potential tissue damage to the masticatory apparatus. Recent studies have shown that the mandible rest position falls within a range termed as the "comfort zone". The range of this zone may vary from one person to another and within the same person over time due to factors such as age or health status. In this review, we have concluded that a permanent increase in the VDO, once indicated, is a safe procedure for dentulous patients. However, it is important to minimise the extent of the increase to simplify the prosthodontics treatment process. An inter-incisal increase exceeding 5 mm is seldom needed. Moreover, it is important to consider the functional, aesthetic, and biological elements associated with VDO. The biological and functional environment closely related to the VDO had great adaptive capacities, which have for a historically been underestimated. Patient adaptation has been observed in dentate patients, edentulous patients, and even cases involving implant-supported prostheses. Muscle relaxation and changes in muscle length are likely the primary adaptation mechanisms, rather than the restoration of the original VDO through dentoalveolar maturation. Intervention with a fixed restoration is more predictable and results in a higher and more rapid level of adaptation. Finally, the increase should include the entire arch to prevent relapse of the VDO to its previous value, and changes in VDO should be assessed by utilising temporary diagnostic restorations for a period before implementing definitive prostheses, in order to evaluate the adaptive muscle response.
PubMed: 38770218
DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S453704 -
European Journal of Dentistry May 2024Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear...
OBJECTIVES
Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear resistance have been the main challenges facing their wide clinical application. This study was designed to assess the mechanical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG) oxide-modified conventional GIC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Composites of FG/GIC samples were prepared using (Medifil from PROMEDICA, Germany, shade A3) at different concentrations (0wt%) control group and (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% FG) groups using cylindrical molds (3mm × 6mm). FG was prepared using hydrothermal technique and characterized using XPERT-PRO Powder Diffractometer system for X-ray diffraction analysis and JEOL JEM-2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope. Vickers' hardness and wear resistance of GI samples were measured. Mechanical abrasion was performed via three-body tooth brushing wear test using ROBOTA chewing simulator coupled with a thermocycling protocol (Model ACH-09075DC-T, AD-Tech Technology Co., Ltd., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Comparisons between groups with respect to normally distributed numeric variables were performed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by posthoc test. While paired -test was utilized for comparing data within the same group.
RESULTS
The surface roughness values of GICs (1wt% FG) and (2wt% FG) composites were significantly lower than those of the control and 3wt%FG groups. Vickers' hardness numbers were significantly higher in FG/GICs composites than in the control group (≤0.05).
CONCLUSION
GIC/FG combinations have sufficient strength to resist the occlusion stresses with improved hardness as compared with conventional GIC. GIC/FG appeared to be a promising restorative material.
PubMed: 38759994
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785188