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Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38917247
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae241 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Skin Pigmentation; Dermoscopy; Female; Adult; Male; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Child; Skin
PubMed: 38916667
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03170-2 -
Melanoma Research Jun 2024Vulvar melanoma is considered rare, but it is the second most frequent vulvar neoplasm; 2% of melanomas in women arise in the vulvar area. It is important to highlight...
Vulvar melanoma is considered rare, but it is the second most frequent vulvar neoplasm; 2% of melanomas in women arise in the vulvar area. It is important to highlight how the characteristics of vulvar melanoma differentiate it from classic cutaneous melanoma. Vulvar melanoma has different risk factors and clinical and dermoscopic characteristics; moreover, it has a higher recurrence rate and a greater likelihood of multifocality. Here, we present a case of a 44-year-old patient with two primary vulvar melanomas located on opposite sides of her vulva. The lesions were both flat, but they had distinct clinical and dermoscopic appearances. Melanoma of the genital tract is likely the result of a multifocal disorder of the melanocytes within the mucosa that inhabit the perineal squamous epithelium. The risk factors of vulvar melanoma differ from those of classical cutaneous melanomas. Vulvar melanoma occurs in an area shielded from ultraviolet radiation; the primary risk factors include chronic inflammatory disease, genetic susceptibility, irritant agents and viral infections. This case study reveals how a close examination of the genital area is important and how dermoscopy can aid in the differential diagnosis of vulvar lesions. Inspections of the genital area should be particularly thorough if a melanoma is detected there, given the higher risk of multifocality in that part of the body.
PubMed: 38913418
DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000989 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Apr 2024Diffuse hyperpigmentation with guttate hypopigmentation (DHGH) is a new acquired pigmentary disorder. Only a few cases have previously been reported in the Chinese...
Diffuse hyperpigmentation with guttate hypopigmentation (DHGH) is a new acquired pigmentary disorder. Only a few cases have previously been reported in the Chinese population, in Chinese. To summarise the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings of DHGH in the English literature, to improve the recognition and management of this condition. This was a retrospective study to summarise the clinical, dermoscopic, and pathological findings of nine cases of DHGH. All nine patients with DHGH were female. The age at onset varied from 6 to 24 years (median 17 years). Patients were generally in good health without systemic disease. The lesions were often generalised to the trunk and extremities without any discomfort. Typical lesions were characterised by multiple uniform hypopigmented spots, 2-5 mm in diameter, irregularly distributed over diffuse hyperpigmentation. Dermoscopy revealed multiple blurred patchy areas of brownish pigmentation, sparse linear and dotted vessels, and perifollicular pigmentation on a white to bright white background, surrounded by brown hyperpigmentation. Histopathological findings included mild abnormal pigment of the epidermis, focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal cells, mild pigment incontinence and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis. DHGH is a new entity with distinctive clinical manifestations that differ from those of other known pigmentary disorders. So far, DHGH has only been reported in the Chinese population. It may not be uncommon and has not received much attention due to the few reports. The aetiology and pathogenesis of DHGH are still unknown and require further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation; Retrospective Studies; Adolescent; Young Adult; Child; Dermoscopy; Adult
PubMed: 38907543
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4664 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Apr 2024The clinical diagnosis of pigmented genital lesions is challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is effective for diagnosis but is limited in its application... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Comparative Study
The clinical diagnosis of pigmented genital lesions is challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is effective for diagnosis but is limited in its application due to elevated costs. A more affordable dermatoscope with a 400x magnification (D400) has recently been brought to market. The aim of our study was to compare these two imaging techniques for the analysis of pigmented genital tumours. An observational, prospective and mono-centric study was carried out from October 2017 to May 2019, in which clinical, dermatoscopic (20x and 400x) and RCM data from 207 pigmented genital lesions were collected. The images generated via D400 and RCM were analysed by three expert investigators. Similarities between the criteria observed using D400 and RCM were evaluated by each investigator. In total, 207 lesions were included: 183 melanosis, 19 nevi, one basal cell carcinoma (BCC), two condylomas and two melanomas in situ. Our series correlates well with data found in the literature especially for the distribution of different lesions, their topography, and their aspect using x20 dermatoscopy and RCM. Pattern and cell criteria defined using RCM largely paralleled those observed with D400 for all three investigators. Correlation between D400 and RCM was moderate to strong with regards to the identification of the ring pattern and clustered round cells, strong for dendritic and plump cells, and perfect for isolated round cells and spindle cells. D400 is an easy-to-use, cost-effective alternative for the analysis of pigmented genital lesions, particularly for melanosis.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Dermoscopy; Melanosis; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Female; Male; Melanoma; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Middle Aged; Adult; Condylomata Acuminata; Nevus, Pigmented; Aged; Genital Diseases, Female; Nevus
PubMed: 38907542
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4663 -
JMIR Medical Informatics Jun 2024Dermoscopy is a growing field that uses microscopy to allow dermatologists and primary care physicians to identify skin lesions. For a given skin lesion, a wide variety...
BACKGROUND
Dermoscopy is a growing field that uses microscopy to allow dermatologists and primary care physicians to identify skin lesions. For a given skin lesion, a wide variety of differential diagnoses exist, which may be challenging for inexperienced users to name and understand.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we describe the creation of the dermoscopy differential diagnosis explorer (D3X), an ontology linking dermoscopic patterns to differential diagnoses.
METHODS
Existing ontologies that were incorporated into D3X include the elements of visuals ontology and dermoscopy elements of visuals ontology, which connect visual features to dermoscopic patterns. A list of differential diagnoses for each pattern was generated from the literature and in consultation with domain experts. Open-source images were incorporated from DermNet, Dermoscopedia, and open-access research papers.
RESULTS
D3X was encoded in the OWL 2 web ontology language and includes 3041 logical axioms, 1519 classes, 103 object properties, and 20 data properties. We compared D3X with publicly available ontologies in the dermatology domain using a semiotic theory-driven metric to measure the innate qualities of D3X with others. The results indicate that D3X is adequately comparable with other ontologies of the dermatology domain.
CONCLUSIONS
The D3X ontology is a resource that can link and integrate dermoscopic differential diagnoses and supplementary information with existing ontology-based resources. Future directions include developing a web application based on D3X for dermoscopy education and clinical practice.
PubMed: 38904996
DOI: 10.2196/49613 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jun 2024High-frequency ultrasound has been used to visualize depth and vascularization of cutaneous neoplasms, but little has been synthesized as a review for a robust level of... (Review)
Review
High-frequency ultrasound has been used to visualize depth and vascularization of cutaneous neoplasms, but little has been synthesized as a review for a robust level of evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology. A narrative review of the PubMed database was performed to establish the correlation between ultrasound findings and histopathologic/dermoscopic findings for cutaneous neoplasms. Articles were divided into the following four categories: melanocytic, keratinocytic/epidermal, appendageal, and soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Review of the literature revealed that ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were strongly correlated regarding the depth of a cutaneous neoplasm. Morphological characteristics were correlated primarily in soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Overall, there is a paucity of literature on the correlation between high-frequency ultrasound and histopathology of cutaneous neoplasms. Further studies are needed to investigate this correlation in various dermatologic conditions.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Skin; Dermoscopy; Melanoma
PubMed: 38904763
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03179-7 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Dermoscopy; Acanthoma; Skin Neoplasms; Male; Female
PubMed: 38904287
DOI: 10.61409/V72030 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024Ultraviolet (UV)-induced fluorescence technology is widely used in dermatology to identify microbial infections. Our clinical observations under an ultraviolet-induced...
BACKGROUND
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced fluorescence technology is widely used in dermatology to identify microbial infections. Our clinical observations under an ultraviolet-induced fluorescent dermatoscope (UVFD) showed red fluorescence on the scalps of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients. In this study, based on the hypothesis that microbes are induced to emit red fluorescence under UV light, we aimed to explore the microbial disparities between the AGA fluorescent area (AF group) and AGA non-fluorescent area (ANF group).
METHODS
Scalp swab samples were collected from 36 AGA patients, including both fluorescent and non-fluorescent areas. The bacterial communities on the scalp were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, as well as through microbial culture methods.
RESULTS
Significant variations were observed in microbial evenness, abundance composition, and functional predictions between fluorescent and non-fluorescent areas. Sequencing results highlighted significant differences in Cutibacterium abundance between these areas (34.06% and 21.36%, respectively; p < 0.05). Furthermore, cultured red fluorescent colonies primarily consisted of Cutibacterium spp., Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus spp.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to investigate scalp red fluorescence, highlighting microbial composition variability across different scalp regions. These findings may provide novel insights into the microbiological mechanisms of AGA.
Topics: Humans; Alopecia; Ultraviolet Rays; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Scalp; Female; Dermoscopy; Fluorescence; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 38899718
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13777 -
Medwave Jun 2024Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement....
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement. The disease predominantly affects the skin and joints, but visceral involvement is possible. Multiple erythematous-brownish, pruritic nodules and papules on the face, hands, neck, and trunk are characteristic. It is associated with autoimmune diseases, or malignant neoplasms are seen in 20% to 30% of patients with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The diagnosis is based on histopathology of affected tissues. As it is an underreported disease, there is no standardized treatment. A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is reported as a paraneoplastic manifestation of ductal breast cancer, being successfully treated with no recurrence after two years of follow-up. Few cases of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis associated with breast cancer have been reported in the literature.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Dermoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Aged; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
PubMed: 38896878
DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2024.05.2914