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Saudi Medical Journal Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Depression; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 38955438
DOI: No ID Found -
Vox Sanguinis Jul 2024Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) contain various autoantibodies, including those against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAb), a valuable biomarker of type 1 diabetes...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) contain various autoantibodies, including those against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAb), a valuable biomarker of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Passive transfer of GADAb from IVIgs to patients poses a risk of misdiagnosis, and information on the specific titres of GADAb and their impact on diagnostic accuracy remains limited. This study aimed to provide further insights into the origin of GADAb detected in patient serum following IVIg infusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
GADAb titres in IVIg products from Japan and the United States were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assays. For reliable quantification, GADAb titres in pooled plasma were quantified and compared with those in the IVIg products. The determined titres were used to estimate the likelihood of passively detecting acquired GADAb in individuals receiving IVIgs.
RESULTS
GADAbs were prevalent in IVIg products; however, the titres varied significantly among different lots and products. Importantly, IVIg-derived GADAb was estimated to remain detectable in patient serum for up to 100 days following a dosage of 2000 mg/kg.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should consider that IVIg preparations may contain GADAb, which can lead to false-positive results in serological assays. Careful interpretation of the assay results is key to the definitive diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
PubMed: 38955431
DOI: 10.1111/vox.13710 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2024Coinfection of Pseudomonas and Aspergillus has not been previously reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A middle-aged, thinly built...
Coinfection of Pseudomonas and Aspergillus has not been previously reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A middle-aged, thinly built woman (Body Mass Index: 18.1 kg/m²) who smokes bidi (a type of tobacco) and has a history of exposure to open log fires for cooking, has been suffering from COPD for the last 4 years. She has been taking inhaled betamethasone and tiotropium. Additionally, she had uncontrolled diabetes for a few months. She presented with fever, productive cough, shortness of breath and chest pain for 5 days. She required non-invasive ventilation support for type-2 respiratory failure. Chest X-ray and CT confirmed pneumonia, cavities and abscesses in both lungs. Repeated sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed coinfections with and , respectively. Along with supportive therapy, she was treated with tablet levofloxacin and injection amikacin for 6 weeks based on culture sensitivity reports, and capsule itraconazole for 6 months. She recovered completely to her baseline COPD and diabetes status. This case study confirms that coinfections can occur in COPD and diabetes, highlighting the need for clinicians to be vigilant for the possibility of such symbiotic coinfections.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Female; Coinfection; Pseudomonas Infections; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Aspergillus fumigatus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis
PubMed: 38955386
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259285 -
American Journal of Perinatology Jul 2024To estimate and compare the recurrence risk of preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia & eclampsia (PE...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate and compare the recurrence risk of preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia & eclampsia (PE & E) in subsequent pregnancy groups (index-subsequent) of singleton-singleton (n = 49,868), twin-singleton (n = 448), and singleton-twin (n = 723) pregnancies.
STUDY DESIGN
Birthing individuals from the NICHD Consecutive Pregnancy Study (2002-2010) with ≥ 2 singleton or twin deliveries were examined. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for recurrent PTB, GDM, GH, and PE & E were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators.
RESULTS
The recurrence risk of PTB and GDM ranged from 1.4 - 5.1 and 5.2 - 22.7, respectively, with the greatest recurrence risk for both conditions in singleton-singleton subsequent pregnancies (PTB: aRR=5.1 (95% CI: 4.8-5.5), GDM: aRR=22.7 (95% CI: 20.8 - 24.8)). The recurrence risk of GH and PE & E ranged from 2.8 - 7.6 and 3.2 - 9.2, respectively, with the greatest recurrence risk for both conditions in twin-singleton subsequent pregnancies (GH: aRR=7.6 (95% CI: 2.8-20.5), PE & E: aRR=9.2 (95% CI: 2.9 - 28.6)).
CONCLUSION
Recurrence risk was increased for PTB, GDM, GH and PE & E in all subsequent pregnancy groups, which varied in magnitude based on the birth number of the index and subsequent pregnancy. This information provides insight into risk management for subsequent pregnancies including multiples.
KEY WORDS
recurrence, preterm birth, diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia.
PubMed: 38955217
DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9770 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jun 2024The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal or infant microbiome trajectory remains poorly understood. Utilizing large-scale longitudinal fecal samples...
The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal or infant microbiome trajectory remains poorly understood. Utilizing large-scale longitudinal fecal samples from 264 mother-baby dyads, we present the gut microbiome trajectory of the mothers throughout pregnancy and infants during the first year of life. GDM mothers had a distinct microbiome diversity and composition during the gestation period. GDM leaves fingerprints on the infant's gut microbiome, which are confounded by delivery mode. Further, Clostridium species positively correlate with a larger head circumference at month 12 in male offspring but not females. The gut microbiome of GDM mothers with male fetuses displays depleted gut-brain modules, including acetate synthesis I and degradation and glutamate synthesis II. The gut microbiome of female infants of GDM mothers has higher histamine degradation and dopamine degradation. Together, our integrative analysis indicates that GDM affects maternal and infant gut composition, which is associated with sexually dimorphic infant head growth.
PubMed: 38955186
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.005 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Jun 2024Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is reported to have cardiac benefits, but its effects on preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) remain...
BACKGROUND
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is reported to have cardiac benefits, but its effects on preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) remain inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate whether semaglutide can prevent AF occurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, or overweight.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane CENTRAL database, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to December 29, 2023. Randomized controlled trials of semaglutide in patients with T2DM, obesity, or overweight were included. The primary outcome was AF occurrence. Relative risks (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the overall population and subgroups.
RESULTS
Twenty-one trials comprising 25957 patients were included. In the overall pooled analysis, semaglutide decreased AF occurrence compared to control drugs (RR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.52-0.95). This result was consistent in trials using other antihyperglycemic medications as controls (RR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.21-0.89), but not in placebo-controlled trials (RR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.56-1.07). The outcome was favorable for patients with T2DM (RR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.52-0.97), but not for patients with overweight or obesity (RR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.18-1.73). Results varied by type of semaglutide, with oral semaglutide showing an RR of 0.49 (95 % CI 0.25-0.97) and subcutaneous semaglutide showing an RR of 0.77 (95 % CI 0.55-1.07).
CONCLUSION
Semaglutide was associated with a reduced risk of AF occurrence in the overall analysis. Favorable outcomes were observed in subsets using other antihyperglycemic medications as controls, in patients with T2DM, and with oral semaglutide.
PubMed: 38955095
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103067 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects the immune system, resulting in reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate innate and...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects the immune system, resulting in reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate innate and adaptive immune cells. However, the effects of vitamin D on NK cells remain inconclusive, especially in the context of diabetes. We hypothesized that dietary vitamin D supplementation can enhance NK cell activity in diabetic mice. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary vitamin D on NK cell activity in control and diabetic mice and explored the mechanisms of NK cell activity modulation by vitamin D. Control (CON) and diabetic mice (db/db) were randomly divided into 2 groups, then fed either a control diet (948 IU vitamin D/kg diet, vDC) or a diet supplemented with vitamin D (9,477 IU vitamin D/kg diet, vDS) for 8 weeks. Diabetic mice exhibited lower NK cell activity than control mice. The vDS group had significantly higher NK cell activity than the vDC group in both control and diabetic mice. The vDS group had a higher percentage of CD11b single-positive NK cells than the vDC group (CON-vDS 34%; db/db-vDS 30%; CON-vDC 27%; db/db-vDC 22%). The intracellular expression of splenic TGF-β was significantly higher in the db/db group than in the CON group. Overall, vDS group had higher Bcl2 and Tbx21 mRNA expressions than the vDC group. In conclusion, the present study shows that NK cell activity is impaired under diabetic conditions, possibly due to the reduced percentage of mature NK cells. Moreover, NK activity is enhanced by dietary supplementation in both control and diabetic mice that may be associated with changes in the proportion of mature NK cells.
PubMed: 38954977
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.004 -
Association of polymorphisms within with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary case-control study.Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids Jul 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex heterogenic metabolic with a wide range of etiology. Purinergic receptors have pivotal roles in different processes and are...
OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex heterogenic metabolic with a wide range of etiology. Purinergic receptors have pivotal roles in different processes and are hypothesized to have roles in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred subjects affected by T2DM and 300 healthy subjects were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). SPSS V16.0 was recruited for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The findings showed that the G allele of rs25644A > G increases the risk of T2DM in our population statistically (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.14-1.99, = 0.003). This allele in some genotype models, including the dominant model, caused an increase in the risk of T2DM. The interaction of genotypes between studied variants in the gene increased the risk of T2DM. Haplotype analysis showed that A/G haplotype caused an increase in the risk of T2DM.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that rs25644A > G plays a role in our population's increased risk of T2DM.
PubMed: 38954847
DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2373300 -
PloS One 2024Diabetes is a chronic disease, which is characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. It may affect various organs and tissues, and even lead to life-threatening...
Diabetes is a chronic disease, which is characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. It may affect various organs and tissues, and even lead to life-threatening complications. Accurate prediction of diabetes can significantly reduce its incidence. However, the current prediction methods struggle to accurately capture the essential characteristics of nonlinear data, and the black-box nature of these methods hampers its clinical application. To address these challenges, we propose KCCAM_DNN, a diabetes prediction method that integrates Kendall's correlation coefficient and an attention mechanism within a deep neural network. In the KCCAM_DNN, Kendall's correlation coefficient is initially employed for feature selection, which effectively filters out key features influencing diabetes prediction. For missing values in the data, polynomial regression is utilized for imputation, ensuring data completeness. Subsequently, we construct a deep neural network (KCCAM_DNN) based on the self-attention mechanism, which assigns greater weight to crucial features affecting diabetes and enhances the model's predictive performance. Finally, we employ the SHAP model to analyze the impact of each feature on diabetes prediction, augmenting the model's interpretability. Experimental results show that KCCAM_DNN exhibits superior performance on both PIMA Indian and LMCH diabetes datasets, achieving test accuracies of 99.090% and 99.333%, respectively, approximately 2% higher than the best existing method. These results suggest that KCCAM_DNN is proficient in diabetes prediction, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in the diagnosis and prevention of diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Diabetes Mellitus; Deep Learning; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 38954714
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306090 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jul 2024This study sought to elucidate the interactions among physical activity (PA) patterns, mean glucose concentrations, and the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia events in...
AIMS
This study sought to elucidate the interactions among physical activity (PA) patterns, mean glucose concentrations, and the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia events in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, examining the moderating influence of daily dosage on these associations.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eighty-two participants aged 6 to 18 years (43.9% girls) from the Diactive-1 Cohort Study, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, were included. Data collection involved continuous glucose monitoring, accelerometry to assess real-world PA, as well as documentation of daily insulin doses and carbohydrate counting over the same seven days.
RESULTS
A total of 19 participants experienced at least one nocturnal hypoglycemia event over a span of 574 measurement days (106 days with and 451 days without nocturnal hypoglycemia). Higher levels of vigorous PA (VPA) were associated with lower same-day mean glucose levels (p = 0.014). Additionally, higher levels of moderate PA (p = 0.023), VPA (p = 0.011), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (p = 0.010) were associated with a greater number of nocturnal hypoglycemia events. Specifically, a significant association was identified between VPA and nocturnal hypoglycemia events when the daily insulin dose were at or above 1.04 units per kilogram of body weight per day (p = 0.016).
CONCLUSIONS
Daily VPA is associated with glucose reductions, potentially leading to more hypoglycemic episodes, particularly when there's an excess of daily insulin. This highlights the need for careful insulin management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes engaging in VPA.
PubMed: 38954647
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae451