-
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2024
Randomized Controlled Trial
Family-based multimedia intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening uptake among South Asians in Hong Kong: a randomised control trial (abridged secondary publication).
Topics: Humans; Hong Kong; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Multimedia; Aged; Mass Screening; Asian People; South Asian People
PubMed: 38962925
DOI: No ID Found -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Transcriptome; Genomics
PubMed: 38962923
DOI: No ID Found -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Hong Kong; Male; Hepatitis C; Homosexuality, Male; Hepacivirus; Molecular Epidemiology; Adult
PubMed: 38962918
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Gene Medicine Jul 2024The present study aimed to dissect the cellular complexity of Crohn's disease (CD) using single-cell RNA sequencing, focusing on identifying key cell populations and...
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to dissect the cellular complexity of Crohn's disease (CD) using single-cell RNA sequencing, focusing on identifying key cell populations and their transcriptional profiles in inflamed tissue.
METHODS
We applied scRNA-sequencing to compare the cellular composition of CD patients with healthy controls, utilizing Seurat for clustering and annotation. Differential gene expression analysis and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify crucial genes and pathways.
RESULTS
Our study identified eight distinct cell types in CD, highlighting crucial fibroblast and T cell interactions. The analysis revealed key cellular communications and identified significant genes and pathways involved in the disease's pathology. The role of fibroblasts was underscored by elevated expression in diseased samples, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, including responses to ustekinumab treatment, thus enriching our understanding of CD at a molecular level.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the complex cellular and molecular interplay in CD, suggesting new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering insights into disease mechanisms and treatment implications.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Humans; Ustekinumab; Single-Cell Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Protein Interaction Maps; Fibroblasts; Biomarkers; Female; Transcriptome; Adult; Male; T-Lymphocytes; Treatment Outcome; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Gene Regulatory Networks
PubMed: 38962887
DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3715 -
BJS Open Jul 2024
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Hepatectomy; Embolization, Therapeutic; Portal Vein; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration
PubMed: 38962835
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae057 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Jul 2024This is the first nation-wide register study based on a total population sample measuring the gender-specific incidences of chronic diseases and conditions among adults...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
This is the first nation-wide register study based on a total population sample measuring the gender-specific incidences of chronic diseases and conditions among adults diagnosed with gambling disorder (GD).
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
The study used aggregated data for 2011-22 retrieved from the Register of Primary Health Care visits, Care Register for Health Care and Care Register for Social Welfare, including specialized outpatient and inpatient health care, inpatient social care and institutional care and housing services with 24-hour or part-time assistance, set in mainland Finland. Participants comprised people aged 18-90+ years with GD diagnosis [corresponding to pathological gambling, International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) code F63.0, n = 3605; men n = 2574, women n = 1031] and the general population (n = 4 374 192).
MEASUREMENTS
Incidences of somatic diseases and psychiatric disorders were calculated for the people with diagnosed GD and for the general population, separately for women and men.
FINDINGS
After standardizing for age, the incidence of each diagnostic group was systematically higher for people with GD compared with the general population, except for cancer. The highest standardized incidence ratio (SIR) values were for psychiatric disorders [SIR = 234.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 226.1-242.4], memory disorders (SIR = 172.1; 95% CI = 119.1-234.8), nervous system diseases (SIR = 162.8; 95% CI = 152.8-173.1), chronic respiratory diseases (SIR = 150.6; 95% CI = 137.6-164.2), diabetes (SIR = 141.4; 95% CI = 127.9-155.5) and digestive diseases (SIR = 134.5; 95% CI = 127.1-142.2).
CONCLUSIONS
In Finland, the incidence of chronic diseases and conditions among people with gambling disorder is higher compared with the general population, apart from cancer.
PubMed: 38962810
DOI: 10.1111/add.16615 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Americans have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and worse survival than non-Hispanic white (NHW) Americans, but the relative...
INTRODUCTION
Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Americans have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and worse survival than non-Hispanic white (NHW) Americans, but the relative contributions of biological versus access to care remain poorly characterized. This study used two nationwide cohorts in different healthcare contexts to study health system effects on this disparity.
METHODS
We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as well as the United States Veterans Health Administration (VA) to identify adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2010 and 2020 who identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or non-Hispanic white (NHW). Stratified survival analyses were performed using a primary endpoint of overall survival, and sensitivity analyses were performed using cancer-specific survival.
RESULTS
We identified 263,893 CRC patients in the SEER registry (36,662 (14%) NHB; 226,271 (86%) NHW) and 24,375 VA patients (4,860 (20%) NHB; 19,515 (80%) NHW). In the SEER registry, NHB patients had worse OS than NHW patients: median OS of 57 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 55-58) versus 72 months (95% CI 71-73) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.12-1.15, = 0.001). In contrast, VA NHB median OS was 65 months (95% CI 62-69) versus NHW 69 months (95% CI 97-71) (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98-1.07, = 0.375). There was significant interaction in the SEER registry between race and Medicare age eligibility ( < 0.001); NHB race had more effect in patients <65 years old (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.39-1.49, p < 0.001) than in those ≥65 (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11-1.15, p < 0.001). In the VA, age stratification was not significant ( = 0.21).
DISCUSSION
Racial disparities in CRC survival in the general US population are significantly attenuated in Medicare-aged patients. This pattern is not present in the VA, suggesting that access to care may be an important component of racial disparities in this disease.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Male; Female; United States; Aged; Health Services Accessibility; SEER Program; Middle Aged; Healthcare Disparities; Black or African American; White People; Cohort Studies; Survival Analysis; Aged, 80 and over; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Adult
PubMed: 38962767
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1414361 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, has increased worldwide along with the... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, has increased worldwide along with the epidemics of obesity and related dysmetabolic conditions characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MASLD can be defined as an excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes that occurs when the hepatic lipid metabolism is totally surpassed. This metabolic lipid inflexibility constitutes a central node in the pathogenesis of MASLD and is frequently linked to the overproduction of lipotoxic species, increased cellular stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A compelling body of evidence suggests that the accumulation of lipid species derived from sphingolipid metabolism, such as ceramides, contributes significantly to the structural and functional tissue damage observed in more severe grades of MASLD by triggering inflammatory and fibrogenic mechanisms. In this context, MASLD can further progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which represents the advanced form of MASLD, and hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid species as drivers of MASH and the mechanisms involved in the disease. In addition, given the absence of approved therapies and the limited options for treating MASH, we discuss the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to protect against MASH and other severe manifestations by modulating sphingolipid metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Sphingolipids; Animals; Lipid Metabolism; Fatty Liver
PubMed: 38962680
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400961 -
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science May 2024Enterovesical fistula (EVF) in Crohn's disease (CD) often does not improve with medical treatment and requires surgical treatment. The surgical treatment strategy for...
Enterovesical fistula (EVF) in Crohn's disease (CD) often does not improve with medical treatment and requires surgical treatment. The surgical treatment strategy for EVF in CD is definitive resection of the intestinal tract side, and performing a leak test using dye injection into the bladder after EVF dissection to determine the appropriate surgical procedure for the bladder side. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment for EVF in CD. Twenty-one patients who underwent surgery for EVF between 2006 and 2021 were included and retrospectively evaluated for clinical background, surgical procedures, and postoperative complications. The most common origin of EVF was the ileum (17 cases; 81%), and the most common site of EVF formation was the apex (12; 57%). Surgical approaches were laparotomy in 11 (52%) cases and laparoscopy in 10 (48%). Surgical procedures on the bladder side were fistula dissection in 13 (62%) cases and sutured closure of fistula in 8 (38%). A comparison of approaches revealed no significant difference in operative time, but the amount of blood loss was significantly less in the laparoscopy (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications between approaches. Postoperative anti-TNF-α antibody agents were used in 17 (81%) cases, and there were no cases of recurrent EVF. In conclusion, definitive resection of the intestinal tract and minimal treatment on the bladder side were sufficient to achieve satisfactory outcomes for EVF in CD.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Male; Female; Adult; Intestinal Fistula; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Bladder Fistula; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications; Young Adult; Laparoscopy; Adolescent; Laparotomy; Aged
PubMed: 38962416
DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.86.2.280 -
African Health Sciences Mar 2024The current risk of contracting a transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is unknown in Burundi.
BACKGROUND
The current risk of contracting a transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is unknown in Burundi.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess sociodemographic profiles of blood bank donors at Kamenge Teaching Hospital, the prevalence and associated risk factors of HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV from 2015 to 2020.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study including all blood donors of Kamenge Teaching Hospital blood bank. During this study, 1370 blood samples were screened for HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV. We calculated prevalence of TTIs and performed logistic regression to know associated risk factors.
RESULTS
Blood donors were males at 77% and 23% females. They were mostly students (54.2%). On screening, 83 blood samples (6.06%) were seropositive for at least one TTI. The overall prevalence rate of HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV among blood donors was 1.3%, 0.2% ,1.6%, 2.9% respectively. There was difference in distribution of the four TTIs among blood donors which is statistically significant (x=33.997, ϱ-value<0.001). Private donors were associated with a high risk of syphilis and being a first-time donor was associated with a high HBV risk factor.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of TTIs found still to be high; mandatory and continuous screening is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Blood Donors; Burundi; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Hospitals, Teaching; Prevalence; Syphilis; HIV Infections; Hepatitis B; Blood Banks; Risk Factors; Hepatitis C; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Transfusion Reaction; Adolescent
PubMed: 38962345
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.12