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Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in meat quality between two local breeds of Tibetan sheep, the White Tibetan sheep and the Black Tibetan...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in meat quality between two local breeds of Tibetan sheep, the White Tibetan sheep and the Black Tibetan sheep in Qinghai, and to search for metabolic mechanisms that produce meat quality differences by analyzing differential metabolites and key rumen microorganisms. The meat quality results showed that one breed, SG73, was superior to the other (WG). Further investigation identified differences in the composition of muscle metabolites and rumen microorganisms between the two Tibetan sheep breeds. It also regulates muscle tenderness, water retention, fat content and the composition and content of AA and FA through two major metabolic pathways, AA metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings could be beneficial for the development of breeding strategies for Tibetan sheep in Qinghai in the future.
PubMed: 37780244
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100843 -
Cell Stress & Chaperones Nov 2023Plants trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways to survive stresses, but the assistance of ER in plant tolerance still needs to be explored. Thus, we selected...
Plants trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways to survive stresses, but the assistance of ER in plant tolerance still needs to be explored. Thus, we selected sensitive and tolerant contrasting abiotic stress sorghum varieties to test if they present a degree of tolerance to ER stress. Accordingly, this work evaluated crescent concentrations of tunicamycin (TM µg mL): control (0), lower (0.5), mild (1.5), and higher (2.5) on the initial establishment of sorghum seedlings CSF18 and CSF20. ER stress promoted growth and metabolism reductions, mainly in CSF18, from mild to higher TM. The lowest TM increased SbBiP and SbPDI chaperones, as well as SbbZIP60, and SbbIRE1 gene expressions, but mild and higher TM decreased it. However, CSF20 exhibited higher levels of SbBiP and SbbIRE1 transcripts. It corroborated different metabolic profiles among all TM treatments in CSF18 shoots and similarities between profiles of mild and higher TM in CSF18 roots. Conversely, TM profiles of both shoots and roots of CSF20 overlapped, although it was not complete under low TM treatment. Furthermore, ER stress induced an increase of carbohydrates (dihydroxyacetone in shoots, and cellobiose, maltose, ribose, and sucrose in roots), and organic acids (pyruvic acid in shoots, and butyric and succinic acids in roots) in CSF20, which exhibited a higher degree of ER stress tolerance compared to CSF18 with the root being the most affected plant tissue. Thus, our study provides new insights that may help to understand sorghum tolerance and the ER disturbance as significant contributor for stress adaptation and tolerance engineering.
Topics: Tunicamycin; Sorghum; Molecular Chaperones; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
PubMed: 37775652
DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01382-5 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Glucose metabolism and DNA repair are fundamental cellular processes frequently dysregulated in cancer. In this study, we define a direct role for the glycolytic...
Glucose metabolism and DNA repair are fundamental cellular processes frequently dysregulated in cancer. In this study, we define a direct role for the glycolytic Aldolase A (ALDOA) protein in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. ALDOA is a fructose biphosphate Aldolase that catalyses fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), during glycolysis. Here, we show that upon DNA damage induced by ionising radiation (IR), ALDOA translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where it partially co-localises with the DNA DSB marker γ-H2AX. DNA damage was shown to be elevated in ALDOA-depleted cells prior to IR and following IR the damage was repaired more slowly. Consistent with this, cells depleted of ALDOA exhibited decreased DNA DSB repair via non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. In support of the defective repair observed in its absence, ALDOA was found to associate with the major DSB repair effector kinases, DNA-dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) and Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and their autophosphorylation was decreased when ALDOA was depleted. Together, these data establish a role for an essential metabolic protein, ALDOA in DNA DSB repair and suggests that targeting ALDOA may enable the concurrent targeting of cancer metabolism and DNA repair to induce tumour cell death.
Topics: Humans; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; Ataxia Telangiectasia; DNA Repair; Fructose; DNA; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
PubMed: 37704669
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41133-1 -
Chemical Research in Toxicology Sep 2023Aerosol formation and production yields from 11 carbonyls (carbonyl concentration per aerosol mass unit) were investigated (1) from a fourth-generation (4th gen)...
Carbonyls and Aerosol Mass Generation from Vaping Nicotine Salt Solutions Using Fourth- and Third-Generation E-Cigarette Devices: Effects of Coil Resistance, Coil Age, and Coil Metal Material.
Aerosol formation and production yields from 11 carbonyls (carbonyl concentration per aerosol mass unit) were investigated (1) from a fourth-generation (4th gen) e-cigarette device at different coil resistances and coil age (0-5000 puffs) using unflavored e-liquid with 2% benzoic acid nicotine salt, (2) between a sub-ohm third-generation (3rd gen) tank mod at 0.12 Ω and a 4th gen pod at 1.2 Ω using e-liquid with nicotine salt, together with nicotine yield, and (3) from 3rd gen coils of different metals (stainless steel, kanthal, nichrome) using e-liquid with freebase nicotine. Coil resistance had an inverse relationship with coil temperature, and coil temperature was directly proportional to aerosol mass formation. Trends in carbonyl yields depended on carbonyl formation mechanisms. Carbonyls produced primarily from thermal degradation chemistry (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde) increased per aerosol mass with higher coil resistances, despite lower coil temperature. Carbonyls produced primarily from chemistry initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., hydroxyacetone, dihydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, lactaldehyde) showed the opposite trend. Coil age did not alter coil temperature nor aerosol mass formation but had a significant effect on carbonyl formation. Thermal carbonyls were formed optimally at 500 puffs in our study and then declined to a baseline, whereas ROS-derived carbonyls showed a slow rise to a maximum trend with coil aging. The 3rd gen versus 4th gen device comparison mirrored the trends in coil resistance. Nicotine yields per aerosol mass were consistent between 3rd and 4th gen devices. Coil material did not significantly alter aerosol formation nor carbonyl yield when adjusted for wattage. This work shows that sub-ohm coils may not necessarily produce higher carbonyl yields even when they produce more aerosol mass. Furthermore, carbonyl formation is dynamic and not generalizable during the coil's lifetime. Finally, studies that compare data across different e-cigarette devices, coil age, and coil anatomy should account for the aerosol chemistry trends that depend on these parameters.
PubMed: 37698991
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00172 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Nov 2023Sunless tanning products have risen in popularity as the desire for a tanned appearance continues alongside growing concerns about the deleterious effects of ultraviolet... (Review)
Review
Sunless tanning products have risen in popularity as the desire for a tanned appearance continues alongside growing concerns about the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple carbohydrate found nearly universally in sunless tanning products that serves to impart color to the skin. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates sunless tanning products as cosmetics, allows DHA for external use while maintaining that its ingestion, inhalation, or contact with mucosal surfaces should be avoided. Given its widespread use and a paucity of reviews on its safety, we aim to review the literature on the topical properties and safety profile of DHA. Available data indicate that DHA possesses only minimal to no observable photoprotective properties. In vitro studies suggest that, while DHA concentrations much higher than those in sunless tanning products are needed to induce significant cytotoxicity, even low millimolar, nonlethal concentrations can alter the function of keratinocytes, tracheobronchial cells, and other cell types on a cellular and molecular level. Instances of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis triggered by DHA exposures have also been reported. While no other side effects in humans have been observed, additional studies on the safety and toxicity of DHA in humans are warranted, with a focus on concentrations and frequencies of DHA exposure typically encountered by consumers.
Topics: Humans; Dihydroxyacetone; Ultraviolet Rays; Sunbathing; Cosmetics; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 37697919
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12913 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Sep 2023Herein, uniform precious alloys including PtAg, PdAg, and PtPdAg nanoparticles were synthesized as electrocatalysts for glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The structures...
Herein, uniform precious alloys including PtAg, PdAg, and PtPdAg nanoparticles were synthesized as electrocatalysts for glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The structures of the samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The catalytic performance of the samples was evaluated in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Among the samples, PtPdAg exhibited superior activity with the largest current density of 3.77 mA cm in alkaline solutions, which is 4.1 and 7.7 times those of Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively. In acidic solutions, the PtPdAg catalyst shows the highest current density of 0.58 mA cm, which is 1.8 times that of the Pt/C catalyst. The products of GOR were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Eight products including oxalic acid, tartronic acid, glyoxylic acid, glyceric acid, glyceraldehyde (GLAD), glycolic acid, lactic acid, and dihydroxyacetone were detected. Notably, in acidic solutions, PtAg and PtPdAg yielded the largest GLAD selectivity of 92.2% at 0.6 and 0.8 V, respectively. Using the alloyed catalysts, electrolysis processes coupling the GOR with the hydrogen evolution reaction were conducted. The conversion of glycerol and production of hydrogen were determined. To highlight the energy efficiency, a solar-panel-powered electrolysis process was conducted for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and high-valued products.
PubMed: 37646259
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01751 -
Metabolites Aug 2023Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of lameness in sport horses with a significant economic impact. The prevention of OA is crucial since no effective treatment is...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of lameness in sport horses with a significant economic impact. The prevention of OA is crucial since no effective treatment is available. This study aimed to apply untargeted metabolomic analysis to investigate the differences in synovial fluid (SF) composition between healthy and OA-affected joints in horses. SF collected from healthy (n.8) and OA (n.11) horses was analyzed using H-NMR analysis. Metabolomic analysis allowed 55 different metabolites to be identified and quantified in SF samples. Nineteen metabolites were found to be differently concentrated in OA compared to control horses. Synovial fluids from the OC group were found to be higher in 1,3-dihydroxyacetone but lower in tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, uridine, creatinine, creatine, glycine, choline, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, valine, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, α-ketoisovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, and methionine compared to the controls. A variety of SF metabolites significantly changed following joint disease, demonstrating the complex mechanism underlying osteoarthritis in horses and highlighting the value of applying the metabolomic approach in clinical research.
PubMed: 37623857
DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080913 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Aug 2023All organisms utilize -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a key co-substrate for methylation of biological molecules, synthesis of polyamines, and radical SAM reactions....
All organisms utilize -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a key co-substrate for methylation of biological molecules, synthesis of polyamines, and radical SAM reactions. When these processes occur, 5'-deoxy-nucleosides are formed as byproducts such as -adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), and 5'-deoxyadenosine (5dAdo). One of the most prevalent pathways found in bacteria for the metabolism of MTA and 5dAdo is the DHAP shunt, which converts these compounds into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 2-methylthioacetaldehyde or acetaldehyde, respectively. Previous work has shown that the DHAP shunt can enable methionine synthesis from MTA or serve as an MTA and 5dAdo detoxification pathway. Here we show that in Extraintestinal Pathogenic (ExPEC), the DHAP shunt serves none of these roles in any significant capacity, but rather physiologically functions as an assimilation pathway for use of MTA and 5dAdo as growth substrates. This is further supported by the observation that when MTA is the substrate for the ExPEC DHAP shunt, the sulfur components is not significantly recycled back to methionine, but rather accumulates as 2-methylthioethanol, which is slowly oxidized non-enzymatically under aerobic conditions. While the pathway is active both aerobically and anaerobically, it only supports aerobic ExPEC growth, suggesting that it primarily functions in oxygenic extraintestinal environments like blood and urine versus the predominantly anoxic gut. This reveals a heretofore overlooked role of the DHAP shunt in carbon assimilation and energy metabolism from ubiquitous SAM utilization byproducts and suggests a similar role may occur in other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with the DHAP shunt.
PubMed: 37609188
DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552779 -
Bulletin of Entomological Research Oct 2023Environment-induced epigenetics are involved in diapause regulation, but the molecular mechanism that epigenetically couples nutrient metabolism to diapause regulation...
Environment-induced epigenetics are involved in diapause regulation, but the molecular mechanism that epigenetically couples nutrient metabolism to diapause regulation remains unclear. In this study, we paid special attention to the significant differences in the level of -adenosine methylation (mA) of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase () and phosphatidate phosphatase () genes in the lipid metabolism pathway of the bivoltine silkworm () strain Qiufeng developed from eggs incubated at a normal temperature (QFHT, diapause egg producer) compared to those from eggs incubated at a low temperature (QFLT, non-diapause egg producer). We knocked down in the pupal stage of the QFLT group, resulting in the non-diapause destined eggs becoming diapausing eggs. In the knockdown group, the colour of the non-diapause destined eggs changed from light yellow to pink 3 days after oviposition, but they hatched as normal. Moreover, we validated that YTHDF3 binds to mA-modified and mRNAs to promote their stability and translation. These results suggest that RNA mA methylation participates in the diapause regulation of silkworm by changing the expression levels of and and reveal that mA epigenetic modification can be combined with a lipid metabolism signal pathway to participate in the regulation of insect diapause traits, which provides a clearer image for exploring the physiological basis of insect diapause.
Topics: Female; Animals; Bombyx; Diapause, Insect; Phosphatidate Phosphatase; RNA; Lipid Metabolism; Diapause; Adenosine; Ovum; Insect Proteins
PubMed: 37555240
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485323000330 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Oct 2023Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) occurs in wide-ranging organisms, including plants, and can undergo spontaneous conversion to methylglyoxal (MG). While the toxicity of MG to...
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) occurs in wide-ranging organisms, including plants, and can undergo spontaneous conversion to methylglyoxal (MG). While the toxicity of MG to plants is well-known, the toxicity of DHA to plants remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of DHA and MG on Arabidopsis. Exogenous DHA at up to 10 mm did not affect the radicle emergence, the expansion of green cotyledons, the seedling growth, or the activity of glyoxalase II, while DHA at 10 mm inhibited the root elongation and increased the activity of glyoxalase I. Exogenous MG at 1.0 mm inhibited these physiological responses and increased both activities. Dihydroxyacetone at 10 mm increased the MG content in the roots. These results indicate that DHA is not so toxic as MG in Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings and suggest that the toxic effect of DHA at high concentrations is attributed to MG accumulation by the conversion to MG.
Topics: Dihydroxyacetone; Pyruvaldehyde; Arabidopsis; Anthocyanins; Lactoylglutathione Lyase
PubMed: 37553179
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad109