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Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Gastrointestinal infections affect many people annually. The most common bacterial agents involved in these infections are enteropathogenic bacteria and in the...
INTRODUCTION
Gastrointestinal infections affect many people annually. The most common bacterial agents involved in these infections are enteropathogenic bacteria and in the continuation of using broad-spectrum antibiotics, -associated diarrhea is involved, especially in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance among enteropathogenic bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 163 samples of patients with diarrhea in Dezful Ganjavian Hospital were examined. The samples were cultured in MacConkey, Hektoen enteric agar and GN broth, and cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar media and incubated under standard conditions. In order to identify enteropathogenic bacteria, biochemical tests and serological confirmatory tests were used. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was investigated by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test.
RESULTS
The frequency of pathogenic bacteria includes 41.1% of , followed by 41.1% of , 6.7% of Enteropathogenic , 5.5% of Serogroup B, and 5.5% of . The results revealed a total of 46 patients with orders regarding culture, no was isolated from the samples. The studied isolates showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ceftriaxone (88.3%), and the most effective antibiotic in the treatment of patients was ciprofloxacin with 86% sensitivity.
CONCLUSION
Susceptibility to antibiotics was different among the isolates, which shows that the early identification of the infection agent and the selection of the correct antibiotic treatment are effective in improving the gastrointestinal infection and preventing the spread of the infection.
PubMed: 38948633
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1594_23 -
ACS Applied Electronic Materials Jun 2024We report a semiconducting triindole-based discotic liquid crystal () functionalized with six -methylthiophenyl groups at its periphery. While initially a crystalline...
We report a semiconducting triindole-based discotic liquid crystal () functionalized with six -methylthiophenyl groups at its periphery. While initially a crystalline solid at room temperature, transitions to a columnar hexagonal mesophase upon heating and retains this supramolecular organization upon subsequent cooling, despite having only three flexible alkyl chains attached to the core's nitrogens. The incorporation of methylthio groups effectively hinders tight molecular packing, stabilizing the columnar arrangement of this disk-shaped molecule. Single crystal analysis confirmed the high tendency of this compound to organize into a columnar architecture and the role played by the methylthio groups in reinforcing such structure. The mesomorphic behavior of provides an opportunity for processing from its molten state. Notably, our research reveals significant differences in charge transport depending on the processing method, whether solution drop-casting or melt-based. shows hole mobility values averaging 3 × 10 cm V s when incorporated in diode-type devices from the isotropic melt and annealed at the mesophase temperature, estimated by SCLC (space-charge-limited current) measurements. However, when integrated into solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), crystalline exhibits a hole mobility of 3 × 10 cm V s. The observed differences can be attributed to a beneficial supramolecular assembly achieved in the mesophase in spite of its lower order. These results emphasize the material's potential for applications in easy-to-process electronic devices and highlight the potential of methylthio moieties in promoting columnar mesophases.
PubMed: 38947954
DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.4c00693 -
Veterinary and Animal Science Sep 2024The emergence of serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to...
The emergence of serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to widespread foodborne illnesses and presenting an alarming issue for public health. This study specifically concentrated on the isolation and identification of ESBL-resistant genes ( ) and the antibiogram profiling of serovars found in goat meat samples procured from retail outlets in Bangladesh. During the research in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh, researchers gathered a total of 210 samples of goat meat from 13 different Upazilas. Primarily, cultural and biochemical methods were used for isolation of bacteria from the selected samples. serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, along with three ESBL-resistant genes, were identified through polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities. Out of 210 samples analysed, spp was detected in 18.10 % (38 out of 210), with Enteritidis and Typhimurium found in 9.05 % (19 out of 210) and 5.24 % (11 out of 210) of the samples, respectively. A total of 72.73 % (8/11) of Enteritidis and 100 % (19/19) of Typhimurium isolates were positive by Multidrug-resistant patterns. The positive outcomes were found of Typhimurium tested 63.16 % (12 out of 19) for the gene and 21.05 % (4/19) for the gene. The study proposes that the retail goat meat market channel could be a prominent transmission way of ESBL-producing MDR serovars, representing a significant public health hazard.
PubMed: 38947184
DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100367 -
International Journal of Older People... Jul 2024To develop and validate an evidence-based home pursed lip breathing (PLB) intervention protocol for improving related health outcomes (e.g., dyspnea and exercise...
AIM
To develop and validate an evidence-based home pursed lip breathing (PLB) intervention protocol for improving related health outcomes (e.g., dyspnea and exercise capability) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to present a detailed intervention development process.
METHODS
This home PLB intervention protocol employed phase one of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions to guide the development process of the PLB intervention. We searched for research evidence on 5 July 2023 from several databases, including PubMed, Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and China Biology Medicine Disk (CBM). Using the content validity index, a panel of experts assessed the appropriateness of the PLB protocol.
RESULTS
We developed the preliminary home PLB intervention protocol on the basis of several underlying rationales, which encompass the extension of expiration time, enhancement of respiratory muscle strength, augmentation of tidal volume and integration of the most reliable research evidence obtained from four systematic reviews, five RCTs, five clinical trials, and 10 recommendations. We structured the PLB intervention with a designated time ratio of inspiration to expiration, set at 1:2. Additionally, this study recommends that the training parameters of the PLB intervention were as follows: three sessions per day, each lasting for 10 min, over 8 weeks. Individualised PLB training intensity adjusted the inhalation component according to each participant's tolerance level while emphasising the exhalation phase to ensure the complete expulsion of air from the lungs. The home PLB intervention protocol established strong content validity through consensus, which was reached among all panel experts. The item-level and scale-level content validity indices (CVIs) reached a maximum score of 1.0, indicating a high level of agreement and credibility in the protocol's content as evaluated by the expert panel.
CONCLUSION
An optimal evidence-based home PLB protocol has been adapted and developed to manage health-related outcomes of patients with COPD. The protocol is transparent and fully supported by relevant mechanisms, concrete evidence, recommendations and experts' consensus.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
In this study, we consulted patients with COPD about the 'Prepared Conditions Before PLB Practice', to ensure appropriate measures to prevent patients with COPD from potential risks. In addition, patients with COPD also contributed to the PLB exercise frequency distribution.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Breathing Exercises; Aged; Home Care Services; Dyspnea
PubMed: 38946215
DOI: 10.1111/opn.12627 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2024Salmonellosis is one of the most common food-borne diseases in industrialised and developing countries. In recent year, an increase in antimicrobial resistance among...
BACKGROUND
Salmonellosis is one of the most common food-borne diseases in industrialised and developing countries. In recent year, an increase in antimicrobial resistance among different Salmonella serotypes has been observed.
OBJECTIVE
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from local chicken eggs in four selected towns in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A total of 115 eggs were examined to detect Salmonella by using standard microbiological methods. The susceptibilities of the isolates to nine antimicrobials were tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
RESULT
The study revealed that of the 115 eggs examined, 22 (19.1%) were positive for Salmonella of which 14 (12.2%) and 8 (7%) of the isolates were from shells and contents, respectively. The occurrence of Salmonella in egg shells and content and between different altitudes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Most isolates were resistant to more than three antimicrobials with a high resistance to kanamycin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate the potential importance of local chicken eggs as source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant salmonellae and the need for proper cooking before consumption. Further studies are required to describe the epidemiology of Salmonella in various agroclimatic zones of Ethiopia.
Topics: Animals; Ethiopia; Chickens; Salmonella; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Poultry Diseases; Eggs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38946179
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1529 -
International Forum of Allergy &... Jun 2024This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (NAIM) in olfactory rehabilitation for...
INTRODUCTION
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (NAIM) in olfactory rehabilitation for total laryngectomy (TL) patients.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria required that patients must have undergone a TL with subsequent NAIM training for at least 2 weeks and olfactory evaluation. The impact of NAIM on olfactory outcomes compared to that at baseline was measured. Olfactory measures included the Sniffin' Sticks Test, Smell Disk Test, Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, and Quick Odor Detection Test. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of patients with normosmia at baseline and after intervention.
RESULTS
Seven studies from 2000 to 2023 comprising a total of 290 TL patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that prior to intervention, the pooled proportion of patients with normosmia was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09‒0.27, p = 0.01). After intervention, the same proportion increased to 0.55 (95% CI: 0.45‒0.68, p = 0.001). Among the included patients, 88.3% were initially anosmic or hyposmic, which was reduced to 48.9% after NAIM practice, with 51.1% achieving normosmia. The percent improvement was not found to be significantly associated with the timing of intervention post-TL (p = 0.18).
CONCLUSIONS
NAIM increased the proportion of patients who achieved normosmia in TL patients. NAIM stands out as a safe, easily teachable maneuver with promising results. Further efforts are warranted to provide specific recommendations and guidelines for the use of NAIM in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38946145
DOI: 10.1002/alr.23391 -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
[Comparative analysis of the results of microdiscectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of adjacent-level intervertebral disc herniations with lumbosacral transitional vertebra in elderly patients.].
The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of disk herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients. The study included 80 elderly patients (over 60 years old), divided into two groups: the 1st-(n=39) who underwent microsurgical discectomy; the 2nd- patients (n=41) operated on using minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion and percutaneous transpedicular stabilization (MI-TLIF). For the comparative analysis, we used gender characteristics (gender, age), constitutional characteristics (BMI), degree of physical status according to ASA, intraoperative parameters of interventions and the specificity of postoperative patient management, clinical data, and the presence of complications. Long-term outcomes were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 3 years. As a result, it was found that the use of MI-TLIF allows achieving better long-term clinical outcomes, fewer major complications in comparison with the microsurgical discectomy technique in the treatment of disc herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Spinal Fusion; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Diskectomy; Aged; Lumbar Vertebrae; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38944773
DOI: No ID Found -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024In Intensive Care Units (ICUs) infection represents the most frequent complication leading to high mortality. Particularly the incidence of fungal infections, especially... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
In Intensive Care Units (ICUs) infection represents the most frequent complication leading to high mortality. Particularly the incidence of fungal infections, especially due to Candida spp., has been increasing during the last years. Over last two decades there is predominance of Non albicans Candida (NAC) infection with increased isolation of novel species and decreased susceptibility. Early identification of Candida species and determination of antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential for effective management. Therefore, the study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida species from the blood samples of the patients suspected of candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility pattern. This cross-sectional, descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from March 2021 to February 2022. Venous blood was collected from clinically suspected patients admitted at ICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Primary blood culture was performed by automated method followed by sub-culture in Saboraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and blood agar media. Candida species were recognized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method (BMD). Out of 125 blood specimens collected, Candida species were isolated from 39(31.0%) blood samples of which NAC species were 35(89.0%) whereas C. albicans was only 4(10.2%). Eight (8) different Candida species were identified of which C. parapsilosis was predominant 16(41.0%). Rare and emerging drug resistant species of C. ciferrii 23.0%, C. auris 7.7%, C. rugosa 10.3%, C. lusitaniae 2.6% were also isolated. Candidemia was highest in neonate 33(84.61%) with male predominance 24(61.54%). Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, pre-maturity and low birth weight (LBW) were found to be important risk factors. In candidemia the highest resistance was to Fluconazole-33% and lowest to Voriconazole-5%. The study showed that NAC species were more common with emergence of rare and multidrug resistant species.
Topics: Humans; Bangladesh; Candidemia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Candida; Antifungal Agents; Intensive Care Units; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Infant, Newborn; Adult; Drug Resistance, Fungal
PubMed: 38944705
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Ophthalmology Jun 2024Glaucoma is a worldwide eye disease that can cause irreversible vision loss. Early detection of glaucoma is important to reduce vision loss, and retinal fundus image...
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is a worldwide eye disease that can cause irreversible vision loss. Early detection of glaucoma is important to reduce vision loss, and retinal fundus image examination is one of the most commonly used solutions for glaucoma diagnosis due to its low cost. Clinically, the cup-disc ratio of fundus images is an important indicator for glaucoma diagnosis. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of algorithms for segmentation and recognition of the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC), but these algorithms generally have poor universality, segmentation performance, and segmentation accuracy.
METHODS
By improving the YOLOv8 algorithm for segmentation of OD and OC. Firstly, a set of algorithms was designed to adapt the REFUGE dataset's result images to the input format of the YOLOv8 algorithm. Secondly, in order to improve segmentation performance, the network structure of YOLOv8 was improved, including adding a ROI (Region of Interest) module, modifying the bounding box regression loss function from CIOU to Focal-EIoU. Finally, by training and testing the REFUGE dataset, the improved YOLOv8 algorithm was evaluated.
RESULTS
The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 algorithm achieves good segmentation performance on the REFUGE dataset. In the OD and OC segmentation tests, the F1 score is 0.999.
CONCLUSIONS
We improved the YOLOv8 algorithm and applied the improved model to the segmentation task of OD and OC in fundus images. The results show that our improved model is far superior to the mainstream U-Net model in terms of training speed, segmentation performance, and segmentation accuracy.
Topics: Optic Disk; Humans; Algorithms; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma
PubMed: 38943095
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03532-4 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) presents a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy, especially when compounded by resistance to colistin. The...
Molecular characterization and epidemiological investigation of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran.
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) presents a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy, especially when compounded by resistance to colistin. The objective of this study was to explore molecular epidemiological insights into strains of clinical K. pneumoniae that produce carbapenemases and exhibit resistance to colistin. Eighty clinical isolates of CRKP were obtained from Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility and colistin broth disk elution were determined. PCR assays were conducted to examine the prevalence of resistance-associated genes, including bla, bla, bla, bla, bla and mcr-1 to -10. Molecular typing (PFGE) was used to assess their spread.
RESULTS
Colistin resistance was observed in 27 isolates (33.7%) using the Broth Disk Elution method. Among positive isolates for carbapenemase genes, the most frequent gene was bla, identified in 36 strains (45%). The mcr-1 gene was detected in 3.7% of the obtained isolates, with none of the other of the other mcr genes detected in the studied isolates.
CONCLUSION
To stop the spread of resistant K. pneumoniae and prevent the evolution of mcr genes, it is imperative to enhance surveillance, adhere rigorously to infection prevention protocols, and implement antibiotic stewardship practices.
Topics: Colistin; Iran; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Tertiary Care Centers; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Molecular Epidemiology
PubMed: 38943054
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03376-4