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Nutrients Apr 2024The effects of gut microbiota on the association between carbohydrate intake during pregnancy and neonatal low birth weight (LBW) were investigated. A prospective cohort...
The effects of gut microbiota on the association between carbohydrate intake during pregnancy and neonatal low birth weight (LBW) were investigated. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 257 singleton-born mother-child pairs in Taiwan, and maternal dietary intake was estimated using a questionnaire, with each macronutrient being classified as low, medium, or high. Maternal fecal samples were collected between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, and gut microbiota composition and diversity were profiled using 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing. Carbohydrates were the major source of total energy (56.61%), followed by fat (27.92%) and protein (15.46%). The rate of infant LBW was 7.8%, which was positively correlated with maternal carbohydrate intake. In the pregnancy gut microbiota, and spp. were indirectly and directly negatively associated with fetal growth, respectively; was directly positively associated with neonatal birth weight. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy altered the microbiota features and was associated with poor fetal growth. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates can modify the composition and function of the pregnancy gut microbiota, thus providing a potential marker to modulate deviations from dietary patterns, particularly in women at risk of hypertension during pregnancy, to prevent neonatal LBW.
Topics: Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pregnancy; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Dietary Carbohydrates; Adult; Prospective Studies; Feces; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Taiwan; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fetal Development
PubMed: 38732572
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091326 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the functional, technological, and sensory aspects of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) fruit pulp fermented with the probiotic...
Mangaba pulp fermented with Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 has improved chemical, technological, and sensory properties and positively impacts the colonic microbiota of vegan adults.
This study aimed to evaluate the functional, technological, and sensory aspects of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) fruit pulp fermented with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 (LC1) during refrigerated storage (7 °C, 28 days). The effects of the fermented mangaba pulp on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota of healthy vegan adults were also assessed. Mangaba pulp allowed high viability of LC1 during storage and after simulated gastrointestinal conditions (≥7 log CFU/g). The fermented mangaba pulp showed lower pH and total soluble solids, and higher titratable acidity, and concentrations of lactic, acetic, citric, and propionic acids during storage compared to non-fermented pulp. Also, it presented a higher concentration of bioaccessible phenolics and volatiles, and improved sensory properties (yellow color, brightness, fresh appearance, and typical aroma and flavor). Fermented mangaba pulp added to in vitro cultured colonic microbiota of vegan adults decreased the pH values and concentrations of maltose, glucose, and citric acid while increasing rhamnose and phenolic contents. Fermented mangaba pulp promoted increases in the abundance of Dorea, Romboutsia, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 genera and positively impacted the microbial diversity. Findings indicate that mangaba pulp fermented with LC1 has improved chemical composition and functionality, inducing changes in the colonic microbiota of vegan adults associated with potential benefits for human health.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fermentation; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Adult; Taste; Probiotics; Male; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Fruit; Colon; Young Adult; Female
PubMed: 38729705
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114403 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... May 2024To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may...
PURPOSE
To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition.
METHODS
Faecal samples were collected from 52 adult participants, of whom 23 were NM, 8 were progressive myopes (PM), and 21 were stable myopes (SM). The composition of the gut microbiota in each group was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the three groups (NM, PM, and SM). However, the distributions of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in the myopes (SM and PM combined) when compared with emmetropes. The myopes exhibited significantly greater abundance of bacteria that are linked to the regulation of dopaminergic signalling, such as Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Individuals with stable myopia were found to have a significantly higher proportion of Prevotella copri than those with progressive myopia. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacterium, was significantly higher in all myopes than in NM and, in the comparison between SM and PM, it is significantly higher in SM. B. uniformis and B. fragilis, both GABA-producing Bacteroides, were present in relatively high abundance in all myopes and in SM compared with PM, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of bacteria related to dopamine effect and GABA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome of myopes may suggest a role of these microorganisms in the onset and progression of myopia.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Myopia; Bacteria; Young Adult; Middle Aged; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38691091
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.2 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a symptom of high blood uric acid (UA) levels, which causes disorders such as gout and renal urinary calculus. Prolonged HUA is often associated...
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a symptom of high blood uric acid (UA) levels, which causes disorders such as gout and renal urinary calculus. Prolonged HUA is often associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) affect these chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HUA and GM. The microbiome of 224 men and 254 women aged 40 years was analyzed through next-generation sequencing and machine learning. We obtained GM data through 16S rRNA-based sequencing of the fecal samples, finding that alpha-diversity by Shannon index was significantly low in the HUA group. Linear discriminant effect size analysis detected a high abundance of the genera Collinsella and Faecalibacterium in the HUA and non-HUA groups. Based on light gradient boosting machine learning, we propose that HUA can be predicted with high AUC using four clinical characteristics and the relative abundance of nine bacterial genera, including Collinsella and Dorea. In addition, analysis of causal relationships using a direct linear non-Gaussian acyclic model indicated a positive effect of the relative abundance of the genus Collinsella on blood UA levels. Our results suggest abundant Collinsella in the gut can increase blood UA levels.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperuricemia; Male; Female; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Machine Learning; Uric Acid; Feces; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38688923
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60427-6 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether...
Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB), or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes. PP and FB blends independently led to significant increases in the absolute abundance of select beneficial taxa, namely , spp., spp., and spp. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, relative to non-supplemented control (F), increased significantly with PPFB and FB supplementation but not PP. Indole and ammonia concentrations decreased with FB and PPFB supplementation but not PP alone while increased antioxidant capacity was only evident with both PP and PPFB supplementation. These findings demonstrated that, while the independent blends displayed selective positive impacts on gut states, the combination of both blends provided an additive effect. The work outlines the potential of mixed substrate blends to elicit a broader positive influence on gut microbial composition and function to build resiliency toward dysbiosis.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polyphenols; Humans; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Adult; Male; Ammonia; Female; Bacteria; Antioxidants; Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus; Young Adult; Indoles
PubMed: 38674850
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081159 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Apr 2024Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant biliary tract cancer with poor prognosis. Previous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in CCA, but evidence for...
BACKGROUND
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant biliary tract cancer with poor prognosis. Previous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in CCA, but evidence for causal mechanisms is lacking.
AIM
To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and CCA risk.
METHODS
We performed a two-sample mendelian randomization study to evaluate potential causal associations between gut microbiota and CCA risk using genome-wide association study summary statistics for 196 gut microbial taxa and CCA. Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables. Multiple sensitivity analyses assessed result robustness.
RESULTS
Fifteen gut microbial taxa showed significant causal associations with CCA risk. Higher genetically predicted abundance of , , , , and were associated with reduced risk of gallbladder cancer and extrahepatic CCA. Increased intrahepatic CCA risk was associated with higher abundance of , , , and Protective effects against CCA were suggested for , , , , , and Sensitivity analyses indicated these findings were reliable without pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
This pioneering study provides novel evidence that specific gut microbiota may play causal roles in CCA risk. Further experimental validation of these candidate microbes is warranted to consolidate causality and mechanisms.
PubMed: 38660662
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1319 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The gut microbiota, T cell subsets, and cytokines participate in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. To date, the mechanisms by which these factors interactively promote TB...
INTRODUCTION
The gut microbiota, T cell subsets, and cytokines participate in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. To date, the mechanisms by which these factors interactively promote TB development at different time points remain largely unclear. In the context of this study, We looked into the microorganisms in the digestive tract, T cell types, and cytokines related to tuberculosis.
METHODS
According to QIIME2, we analyzed 16SrDNA sequencing of the gut microbiome on the Illumina MiSeq. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentrations of cytokines.
RESULTS
We showed the presence of 26 identifiable differential microbiomes in the gut and 44 metabolic pathways between healthy controls and the different time points in the development of TB in patients. Five bacterial genera (, , , , and ) were most closely associated with CD4/CD8, whereas three bacterial taxa (, , and ) were most closely associated with CD4. Three bacterial taxa (, , and ) were most closely associated with IL-4. was most closely associated with IL-2 and IL-10.
CONCLUSION
Diverse microorganisms, subsets of T cells, and cytokines, exhibiting varying relative abundances and structural compositions, were observed in both healthy controls and patients throughout distinct phases of tuberculosis. Gaining insight into the function of the gut microbiome, T cell subsets, and cytokines may help modulate therapeutic strategies for TB.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cytokines; Biomarkers; Male; Female; Adult; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis; Bacteria; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Feces
PubMed: 38650928
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1323723 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduces all-cause mortality. However, the mechanisms and risk factors for...
BACKGROUND
Achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reduces all-cause mortality. However, the mechanisms and risk factors for liver fibrosis and portal hypertension post-SVR remain incompletely understood. In the gut-liver axis, mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) substantially influence immune and metabolic functions, displaying spatial heterogeneity at the anatomical intestinal site. We analyzed MAM composition and function to isolate the locoregional MAM involved in chronic liver disease progression in HCV post-SVR patients.
METHODS
We collected MAM samples from three intestinal sites (terminal ileum, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon) via brushing during colonoscopy in 23 HCV post-SVR patients and 25 individuals without liver disease (controls). The 16S rRNA of bacterial DNA in specimens collected with a brush and in feces was sequenced. The molecular expression of intestinal tissues and hepatic tissues were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS
In the post-SVR group, the microbial β-diversity of MAM, especially in the ascending colon, differed from the control group and was associated with liver fibrosis progression. In PICRUSt analysis, MAM in the ascending colon in the liver cirrhosis (LC) group showed compromised functions associated with the intestinal barrier and bile acid production, and FGF19 expression was markedly decreased in the terminal ileum biopsy tissue in the LC group. At the genus level, six short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterial genera, , , , , , and were reduced in the ascending colon of post-SVR LC patients.
CONCLUSION
In patients of HCV post-SVR, we identified the association between the degree of liver fibrosis and dysbiosis of mucosa-associated SCFA-producing bacterial genera that may be related to intestinal barrier and bile acid production in the ascending colon.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Colon, Ascending; Intestinal Mucosa; Sustained Virologic Response; Hepacivirus; Feces; Aged; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Bacteria; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 38650735
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371429 -
JDS Communications May 2024During the transition period, dairy cows are often exposed to negative energy balance (NEB), leading to lipid mobilization from adipose tissue into nonesterified fatty...
During the transition period, dairy cows are often exposed to negative energy balance (NEB), leading to lipid mobilization from adipose tissue into nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), a common indicator of heightened illness risk. This study aimed to use blood near-infrared (NIR) spectra data to classify NEB into high or low categories, based on early-lactation cow NEFA thresholds. We collected a total of 186 plasma samples from 100 Holstein cows. The samples were categorized into critical thresholds, based on previous literature, of ≥0.60 and ≥0.70 mEq/L for identifying high NEB. Spectral data were preprocessed before the development of the predictive modes, which included the implementation of multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and first and second derivatives. The classification was performed using partial least square discriminant analyses (PLS-DA), and predictive performance was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation. Predictive quality for each class was evaluated through specificity, precision, sensitivity, and score. The study showed promising results, with the SNV technique achieving higher scores. The model found 72.7% specificity, 78.9% precision, 80.8% sensitivity, and 79.8% score to classify animals with NEFA levels of ≥0.60 mEq/L, and 82.1% specificity, 78.7% precision, 80.8% sensitivity, and 79.7% score to classify animals with NEFA levels ≥0.70 mEq/L. These results indicate that NIR spectroscopy could serve as a tool for detecting cows under severe NEB, also showing potential for broader application across the entire transition period, as the spectral signal carried relevant information regarding cow metabolism. Furthermore, the combination of predictors derived from plasma spectra and other cow-level information can lead to more accurate disease alerts, given their relationship with the NEB.
PubMed: 38646584
DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0458 -
Research Square Apr 2024Malaria is a major public health problem, but many of the factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in Malian...
Malaria is a major public health problem, but many of the factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in Malian children that susceptibility to febrile malaria following infection with is associated with the composition of the gut microbiome prior to the malaria season. Gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-susceptible children had a significantly higher parasite burden following infection compared to gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-resistant children. The fecal microbiome of the susceptible children was enriched for bacteria associated with inflammation, mucin degradation, gut permeability and inflammatory bowel disorders (e.g., and sp. YL32). However, the susceptible children also had a greater abundance of bacteria known to produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids and those associated with favorable prognosis and remission following dysbiotic intestinal events (e.g., and . Metabolomics analysis of the human fecal samples corroborated the existence of inflammatory and recovery-associated features within the gut microbiome of the susceptible children. There was an enrichment of nitric oxide-derived DNA adducts (deoxyinosine and deoxyuridine) and long-chain fatty acids, the absorption of which has been shown to be inhibited by inflamed intestinal epithelial cells, and a decrease in the abundance of mucus phospholipids. Nevertheless, there were also increased levels of pseudouridine and hypoxanthine, which have been shown to be regulated in response to cellular stress and to promote recovery following injury or hypoxia. Overall, these results indicate that the gut microbiome may contribute malaria pathogenesis and suggest that therapies targeting intestinal inflammation could decrease malaria susceptibility.
PubMed: 38645126
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3974068/v1