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Food & Function Feb 2024Hypoglycemia can potentially cause severe damage to the central nervous system. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat and extremely low-carbohydrate...
Hypoglycemia can potentially cause severe damage to the central nervous system. The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat and extremely low-carbohydrate content, can modulate homeostasis and nutrient metabolism, thereby influencing body health. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of KD on hypoglycemia-induced brain injury have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the modulating effects of KD on cognitive functions and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, one-month-old mice were fed with KD for 2 weeks, and the changes in the gut microbiota were detected using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing method. The hypoglycemic model of mice was established using insulin, and the potential protective effect of KD on hypoglycemia-induced brain injury in mice was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and Golgi staining. Our results showed that the intestinal flora of increased and decreased in KD-fed mice. KD can not only alleviate anxiety-like behavior induced by hypoglycemia, but also increase the proportion of mushroom dendritic spines in the hippocampus by modulating changes in the gut microbiota. KD regulated synaptic plasticity by increasing the levels of SPN, PSD95, and SYP, which relieve cognitive impairment caused by hypoglycemia. Moreover, KD can promote the proliferation and survival of adult neural stem cells in the hippocampus, while reducing apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the IRE1-XBP1 and ATF6 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in mice with hypoglycemia. This study provides new evidence for demonstrating that KD may alleviate cognitive dysfunctions caused by hypoglycemia by modulating the gut microbiota.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet, Ketogenic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Hypoglycemia; Cognitive Dysfunction; Brain Injuries; Diet, High-Fat
PubMed: 38197246
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04007k -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Recent studies have suggested that the composition of gut microbiota (GM) may change after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the causal inference of GM and hemorrhagic...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested that the composition of gut microbiota (GM) may change after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the causal inference of GM and hemorrhagic stroke is unknown. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is an effective research method that removes confounding factors and investigates the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. This study intends to explore the causal relationship between GM and hemorrhagic stroke with the help of MR.
METHODS
Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using summary statistics of the GM ( = 18,340) in the MiBioGen consortium vs. the FinnGen consortium R9 summary statistics (intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage). Causal associations between gut microbiota and hemorrhagic stroke were analyzed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-PRESSO. Cochran's statistic, MR-Egger regression, and leave-one-out analysis were used to test for multiplicity and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Separate reverse MR analyses were performed for microbiota found to be causally associated with hemorrhagic stroke in the forward MR analysis. Also, multivariate MR analyses were conducted after incorporating common confounders.
RESULTS
Based on the results of univariable and multivariate MR analyses, (OR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.66-0.97; = 0.025) had a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke, while (OR, 0.81; 95%CI, 0.67-0.99; = 0.039) had a potential protective effect. Furthermore, (OR, 1.77; 95%CI, 1.27-2.46; = 0.001), (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.05-1.48; = 0.013) and (OR, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.01-1.62; = 0.041) acted as potential risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. The abundance of (β, 0.05; 95%CI, 0.002 ~ 0.101; = 0.041) may increase, and that of (β, -0.072; 95%CI, -0.137 ~ -0.007; = 0.030) decreased after hemorrhagic stroke according to the results of reverse MR analysis. No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected in any of the MR analyses.
CONCLUSION
There is a significant causal relationship between GM and hemorrhagic stroke. The prevention, monitoring, and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke through GM represent a promising avenue and contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke.
PubMed: 38188561
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290909 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently have poor prognosis. Many evidences suggested that the changes in gut...
INTRODUCTION
Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently have poor prognosis. Many evidences suggested that the changes in gut microbiota may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AIS patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to explore microbial characteristics in patients of AIS with NAFLD, and the correlation between gut microbiota and functional outcomes.
METHODS
The patients of AIS were recruited and divided into NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group. The stool samples and clinical information were collected. 16 s rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota. The patients of AIS with NAFLD were followed-up to evaluate the functional outcomes of disease. The adverse outcomes were determined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at 3 months after stroke. The diagnostic performance of microbial marker in predicting adverse outcomes was assessed by recipient operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
RESULTS
Our results showed that the composition of gut microbiota between non-NAFLD group and NAFLD group were different. The characteristic bacteria in the patients of AIS with NAFLD was that the relative abundance of , , and were decreased, while the relative abundance of was increased. Moreover, the characteristic microbiota was correlated with many clinical parameters, such as mRS scores, mean arterial pressure and fasting blood glucose level. In addition, ROC models based on the characteristic microbiota or the combination of characteristic microbiota with independent risk factors could distinguish functional dependence patients and functional independence patients in AIS with NAFLD (area under curve is 0.765 and 0.882 respectively).
CONCLUSION
These findings revealed the microbial characteristics in patients of AIS with NAFLD, and further demonstrated the predictive capability of characteristic microbiota for adverse outcomes in patients of AIS with NAFLD.
PubMed: 38178834
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1327499 -
Gut Microbes 2024Probiotics are exploited for adjuvant treatment in IBS, but reliable guidance for selecting the appropriate probiotic to adopt for different forms of IBS is lacking. We... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics are exploited for adjuvant treatment in IBS, but reliable guidance for selecting the appropriate probiotic to adopt for different forms of IBS is lacking. We aimed to identify markers for recognizing non-constipated (NC) IBS patients that may show significant clinical improvements upon treatment with the probiotic strain DG (LDG). To this purpose, we performed a post-hoc analysis of samples collected during a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in which NC-IBS patients were randomized to receive at least 24 billion CFU LDG or placebo capsules . for 12 weeks. The primary clinical endpoint was the composite response based on improved abdominal pain and fecal type. The fecal microbiome and serum markers of intestinal (PV1 and zonulin), liver, and kidney functions were investigated. We found that responders (R) in the probiotic arm (25%) differed from non-responders (NR) based on the abundance of 18 bacterial taxa, including the families , spp. and , which were overrepresented in R patients. These taxa also distinguished R (but not NR) patients from healthy controls. Probiotic intervention significantly reduced the abundance of these bacteria in R, but not in NR. Analogous results emerged for from the analysis of data from a previous trial on IBS with the same probiotic. Finally, was positively correlated with the plasmalemmal vesicle associated protein-1 (PV-1) and the markers of liver function. In conclusion, LDG is effective on NC-IBS patients with NC-IBS with a greater abundance of potential pathobionts. Among these, has emerged as a potential predictor of probiotic efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Constipation; Probiotics; Eubacterium; Double-Blind Method; Diarrhea
PubMed: 38178601
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298246 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2024Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium spp. generally possess important physiological functions. However, maintaining probiotic viability is a challenge during processing,...
Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium spp. generally possess important physiological functions. However, maintaining probiotic viability is a challenge during processing, storage, and digestive transit period. Microencapsulation is widely considered to be an attractive approach. In this study, B. animalis F1-7 microcapsules and B. animalis F1-7-HMO microcapsules were successfully prepared by emulsification/internal gelation with high encapsulation efficiency (90.67 % and 92.16 %, respectively). The current study revealed that HMO-supplemented microcapsules exhibited more stable lyophilized forms and thermal stability. Additionally, a significant improvement in probiotic cell viability was observed in such microcapsules during simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids or storage. We also showed that the individual HMO mixtures 6'-SL remarkably promoted the growth and acetate yield of B. animalis F1-7 for 48 h (p < 0.05). The synbiotic combination of 6'-SL with B. animalis F1-7 enhanced SCFAs production in vitro fecal fermentation, decreasing several harmful intestinal bacteria such as Dorea, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus while enriching the probiotic A. muciniphila. This study provides strong support for HMO or 6'-SL combined with B. animalis F1-7 as an innovative dietary ingredient to bring health benefits. The potential of the synbiotic microcapsules with this combination merits further exploration for future use in the food industry.
Topics: Humans; Synbiotics; Bifidobacterium animalis; Milk, Human; Capsules; Health Maintenance Organizations; Probiotics; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 38176500
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129152 -
Genome Biology Jan 2024Dramatic improvements in measuring genetic variation across agriculturally relevant populations (genomics) must be matched by improvements in identifying and measuring...
Dramatic improvements in measuring genetic variation across agriculturally relevant populations (genomics) must be matched by improvements in identifying and measuring relevant trait variation in such populations across many environments (phenomics). Identifying the most critical opportunities and challenges in genome to phenome (G2P) research is the focus of this paper. Previously (Genome Biol, 23(1):1-11, 2022), we laid out how Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative (AG2PI) will coordinate activities with USA federal government agencies expand public-private partnerships, and engage with external stakeholders to achieve a shared vision of future the AG2PI. Acting on this latter step, AG2PI organized the "Thinking Big: Visualizing the Future of AG2PI" two-day workshop held September 9-10, 2022, in Ames, Iowa, co-hosted with the United State Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA). During the meeting, attendees were asked to use their experience and curiosity to review the current status of agricultural genome to phenome (AG2P) work and envision the future of the AG2P field. The topic summaries composing this paper are distilled from two 1.5-h small group discussions. Challenges and solutions identified across multiple topics at the workshop were explored. We end our discussion with a vision for the future of agricultural progress, identifying two areas of innovation needed: (1) innovate in genetic improvement methods development and evaluation and (2) innovate in agricultural research processes to solve societal problems. To address these needs, we then provide six specific goals that we recommend be implemented immediately in support of advancing AG2P research.
Topics: United States; Phenomics; Agriculture; Genomics
PubMed: 38172911
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03155-w -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Adding antibiotics to animal basal diets can improve growth and production performance. However, the use of antibiotics poses a potential threat to public health safety.
INTRODUCTION
Adding antibiotics to animal basal diets can improve growth and production performance. However, the use of antibiotics poses a potential threat to public health safety.
METHODS
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the fur quality, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum immunity, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of fur-growing raccoon dogs. Divide 24 male raccoon dogs (120 ± 5 d) of similar weight (5.01 ± 0.52 kg) into 4 groups randomly. Add 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% MOS to the basal diets of groups C, L, M, and H, respectively.
RESULTS
Compared to the C group, the addition of 0.05% and 0.1% MOS in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), Underfur length (UL), Guard hair length (GL), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the serum ( < 0.05); Under the dosage of 0.05 % MOS, the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased ( < 0.05). Compared to the C group, adding 0.05% MOS significantly increased the VH/CD of the duodenum and ileum, while also increasing the VH and CD of the jejunum ( < 0.05). Through Spearman correlation analysis of the gut microbiota, it was found that MOS can improve fur quality by reducing the abundance of Dorea while improving the immune response of raccoon dogs by reducing the abundance of Blautia and Gemmiger.
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, MOS can improve the fur quality, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of raccoon dogs. Therefore, MOS has the potential to replace antibiotics.
PubMed: 38169639
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324277 -
Food & Function Jan 2024The microecological stability of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both preventing and treating colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated whether CBT...
The microecological stability of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both preventing and treating colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated whether CBT (LP-CBT) prevents CRC by inducing alterations in the gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites. The results showed that LP-CBT inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-treated mice by repairing the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, LP-CBT decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, LP-CBT remodeled intestinal homeostasis by increasing probiotics (, , and ) and reducing harmful bacteria (, , , , , , , , , ), significantly influencing arginine biosynthesis. Therefore, LP-CBT treatment regulated invertases and metabolites associated with the arginine pathway (carbamoyl phosphate, carboxymethyl proline, L-lysine, 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole, -(6)-[(indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine, citrulline, 2-succinyl-L-ornithine, and (5-L-glutamyl)-L-glutamate). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of LP-CBT on colorectal cancer was further confirmed using the MC38 subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, these findings offer compelling evidence supporting the potential of LP-CBT as a viable preventive strategy against CRC.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lysine; Cytokines; Metabolome; Colorectal Neoplasms; Arginine; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Colitis; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38164977
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04806c -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023In recent years, observational studies have provided evidence supporting a potential association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota. However, the...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, observational studies have provided evidence supporting a potential association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on ASD remains unknown.
METHODS
We identified the summary statistics of 206 gut microbiota from the MiBioGen study, and ASD data were obtained from the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). We then performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and ASD using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, simple mode, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted model. Furthermore, we used Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and leave-one-out analysis to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Moreover, the Benjamin-Hochberg approach (FDR) was employed to assess the strength of the connection between exposure and outcome. We performed reverse MR analysis on the gut microbiota that were found to be causally associated with ASD in the forward MR analysis to examine the causal relationships. The enrichment analyses were used to analyze the biological function at last.
RESULTS
Based on the results of IVW results, genetically predicted and had a possible positive association with ASD (IVW OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.29, =3.7×10), four gut microbiota with a potential protective effect on ASD: (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, =1.4×10), (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, =1.5×10), (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98, =2.8×10), and (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, =3.6×10). After FDR multiple-testing correction we further observed that there were two gut microbiota still have significant relationship with ASD: (IVW OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.09-1.40, =9.2×10) was strongly positively correlated with ASD and (IVW OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89, =6.9×10) was strongly negatively correlated with ASD. The sensitivity analysis excluded the influence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
Our findings reveal a causal association between several gut microbiomes and ASD. These results deepen our comprehension of the role of gut microbiota in ASD's pathology, providing the foothold for novel ideas and theoretical frameworks to prevent and treat this patient population in the future.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38156319
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1267721 -
Food Chemistry May 2024This work investigated the effect of tannic acid on the fermentation rate of resistant starch. It was found that 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/L tannic acid decreased the rate of...
This work investigated the effect of tannic acid on the fermentation rate of resistant starch. It was found that 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/L tannic acid decreased the rate of producing gas and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fermentation of resistant starch, and 1.5 μmol/mL tannic acid had a more profound effect, which confirmed that tannic acid delayed the metabolism of resistant starch. Moreover, tannic acid significantly inhibited the α-amylase activity during fermentation. On the other hand, tannic acid delayed the enrichment of some starch-degrading bacteria. Besides, fermentation of the resistant starch/tannic acid mixtures resulted in more SCFAs, particularly butyrate, and higher abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Dorea, than fermentation of resistant starch after 48 h. Thus, it was inferred that tannic acid could delay the metabolism of resistant starch, which was due to its inhibitory effect on the α-amylase activity and regulatory effect on gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Fermentation; Resistant Starch; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Starch; Bacteria; alpha-Amylases; Polyphenols
PubMed: 38150905
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138261