-
International Journal of Dermatology Jun 2024The clinical appearance of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions located in the nasal area can be confused with many inflammatory or tumoral diseases. In this study, we...
BACKGROUND
The clinical appearance of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions located in the nasal area can be confused with many inflammatory or tumoral diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of nasal involvement and the morphological variants of CL lesions located in the nasal region.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, we included patients who presented to our Skin and Venereal Diseases Clinic in the province of Şanlıurfa, located in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey between September 2022 and October 2023, and were diagnosed with CL with nasal involvement. From the records of CL patients with nasal involvement in our clinic, we evaluated the clinical (lesion location, lesion type, lesion diameter, lesion duration, treatment) and demographic characteristics (age, gender).
RESULTS
Of the patients (n = 278) diagnosed with CL using microscopic examination, 34 had nasal involvement, and the nasal involvement rate was 12.2%. Nineteen (55.8%) of the patients with nasal involvement were male, and 15 (44.2%) were female. Acute CL was detected in 28 patients (16 patients with dry-type lesions, 12 patients with wet-type lesions), and chronic CL was detected in six patients (four patients with lupoid and two patients with recidivant type lesions). According to the frequency distribution of clinical appearance, the most common lesions were eczema-like lesions, erysipeloid-type lesions, rhinophyma-like lesions, and lymphoma-like lesions.
CONCLUSION
Physicians working in CL-endemic regions should strictly consider CL in the differential diagnosis of nasal lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment of CL might prevent possible scarring and mucosal spread.
PubMed: 38845120
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17284 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel showed potential applications in bioengineering and wearable sensors fields. It is still a huge challenge to prepare highly adhesive...
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel showed potential applications in bioengineering and wearable sensors fields. It is still a huge challenge to prepare highly adhesive yet strong poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with good biocompatibility. Herein, we prepared a highly self-adhesive and strong poly (vinyl alcohol)/tannic acid@cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/TA@CNCs) composite hydrogel using TA@CNCs as functional nanofiller via facile freezing-thawing method. Multiple networks consisting of hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions endowed the hydrogel with high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility and fracture toughness with adequate energy dissipation mechanism and relatively dense network structure. The tensile strength of PVA/TA@CNCs hydrogel reached the maximum of 463 kPa, increasing by 367 % in comparison with pure PVA hydrogel (99 kPa), demonstrating the synergistic reinforcing and toughening effect of TA@CNCs. The hydrogel exhibited extremely high adhesion not only for various dry and wet substrates such as plastic, metal, Teflon, rubber, glass, leaf, but also sweaty human skin, showing good adhesion durability. The highest adhesion strength to silicone rubber, steel plate and pigskin could reach 197 kPa, 100 kPa and 46.9 kPa, respectively. Meanwhile the hydrogel had negligible cytotoxicity to cells and showed good biocompatibility.
Topics: Polyvinyl Alcohol; Cellulose; Nanoparticles; Humans; Hydrogels; Tensile Strength; Biocompatible Materials; Adhesives; Animals
PubMed: 38843673
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132919 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2024Congenital ichthyoses are a rare Mendelian group of disorders affecting the integument with a heterogeneous clinical presentation amongst which scaling is a constant...
BACKGROUND
Congenital ichthyoses are a rare Mendelian group of disorders affecting the integument with a heterogeneous clinical presentation amongst which scaling is a constant feature. There is scanty epidemiologic data regarding the clinical profile and histologic patterns of inherited ichthyosis from resource-poor countries.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The study was aimed at assessing the clinic-epidemiologic characteristics associated with the different forms of non-syndromic congenital ichthyosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective chart review of ichthyosis patients that presented between July 2016 and Jun 2020. Details including demographic profile, clinical characteristics along with any relevant investigations done were included.
RESULTS
During the study period of 4 years, 107 patients with congenital non-syndromic ichthyosis were seen. The most frequent diagnosis was of common ichthyoses, followed by autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, epidermolytic ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma, in decreasing order.
CONCLUSION
Important clinical findings like erythema and the type of scales as well as histological differences including an absent or reduced granular layer in ichthyosis vulgaris can help differentiate among the clinical phenotypes of inherited non-syndromic ichthyosis especially in resource-poor settings. Also, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and hence a need for screening for the same in all patients of congenital ichthyosis including the milder phenotypes.
PubMed: 38841231
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_412_23 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2024Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that results in the abnormal development of structures derived from ectodermal tissue. This rare condition... (Review)
Review
Novel homozygous frameshift insertion variant in the last exon of the EDARADD causing hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two siblings: case report and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that results in the abnormal development of structures derived from ectodermal tissue. This rare condition predominantly affects the hair, nails, eccrine glands, and teeth. While HED can be caused by various genes, the EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A genes account for approximately 90% of cases. Notably, HED forms associated with variants in the EDA, EDAR, or EDARADD genes may exhibit similar phenotypes due to defects in a common signaling pathway. Proper interaction among the products of these genes is crucial for the activation of the nuclear factor (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which subsequently regulates the transcription of targeted genes. The EDARADD gene, in particular, harbors one of the rarest reported variants associated with HED.
CASE PRESENTATION
Five-and two-years-old brothers born into consanguineous parents were examined at our outpatient medical genetics clinic at Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Both displayed the same classical phenotypic features of HED. The elder had a very sparse dark and brittle hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, conical upper and lower premolar teeth with hypodontia, widely spaced teeth, very dry skin, mildly prominent forehead, and periorbital wrinkles. The younger one showed the same, but less severe, clinical features. After thorough examination and patient history evaluation, targeted next-generation sequencing analysis yielded the novel homozygous insertion variant c.322_323insCGGGC p.(Arg108ProfsTer7) in EDARADD. The mutation has not been reported to date in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS
In this report, we present two siblings exhibiting classical HED symptoms and a novel insertion variant of the EDARADD gene, which leads to a frameshift introducing a stop codon. Both brothers inherited such mutation from their parents, who were heterozygous carriers of the same variant. The present study may shed light about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HED, and expand the spectrum of EDARADD gene variants associated with this condition.
Topics: Humans; Male; Frameshift Mutation; Edar-Associated Death Domain Protein; Child, Preschool; Exons; Homozygote; Siblings; Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic
PubMed: 38840186
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01681-2 -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Jun 2024Kava, a substance derived from the Piper methysticum plant, is enjoying a surge in popularity in the United States due to its purported anxiolytic and analgesic effects....
INTRODUCTION
Kava, a substance derived from the Piper methysticum plant, is enjoying a surge in popularity in the United States due to its purported anxiolytic and analgesic effects. Though ichthyosiform dermopathy is a known adverse effect associated with chronic kava exposure in adults, dermopathy in a newborn due to maternal kava use has not yet been described.
CASE REPORT
This is a case of a 41-year-old woman who was taking a combination kava/kratom product throughout her pregnancy. She developed an ichthyosiform dermopathy that resolved after she stopped using the product postpartum. Her male infant had a neonatal course complicated by both neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, attributed to maternal kratom and buprenorphine use, as well as a diffuse ichthyosiform rash similar to descriptions of kava ichthyosiform dermopathy in adults. His neonatal course was complicated by Group B streptococcus and Serratia marscecens bacteremia (treated with antibiotics) and seizures (treated with lorazepam and phenobarbital). His rash resolved completely by day of life 22. At 9-month outpatient follow-up, he had no dermatologic abnormalities or rash recurrence.
DISCUSSION
Maternal kava use during pregnancy may cause fetal dermopathy presenting as an acquired ichthyosis. More public education is needed about the potential consequences of kava use, particularly during pregnancy.
PubMed: 38839731
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-024-01016-x -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Jun 2024Xerosis is experienced by almost everyone at some time in their lives and the foundation of management of dry skin (both consumer- and healthcare professional--directed)... (Review)
Review
Xerosis is experienced by almost everyone at some time in their lives and the foundation of management of dry skin (both consumer- and healthcare professional--directed) rests on the use of moisturizers. Given the wide range of available moisturizers, counseling patients about selecting the optimum moisturizer for their individual situation relies on knowledge of ingredients and formulations. Traditionally, the main focus for many moisturizers centered on the core functional and structural role of ceramides within the epidermal barrier. However, while a key aspect of transepidermal water loss and other skin barrier functions, components other than ceramides are equally essential in increasing moisturization. The skin's natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are a complex mixture of water-attracting compounds such as amino acids, urea, lactate, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), and electrolytes which play a fundamental role in preserving physiologic function by regulating the water content of the stratum corneum. By facilitating water retention, NMFs contribute significantly to the suppleness, elasticity, normal desquamation, and overall integrity of the skin barrier. Incorporation of NMFs into moisturizers addresses critical deficiencies in the skin's moisture balance that exist in xerotic and atopic skin, and in many skin disorders, mitigating signs and symptoms associated with xerosis and promoting optimal skin health. The biochemical composition of NMFs and the intricate interplay with epidermal homeostasis translate to a central role in moisturizers used for prophylactic and therapeutic management of various dry skin conditions, beyond ceramides alone. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):466-471. doi:10.36849/JDD.8358.
Topics: Humans; Ceramides; Water Loss, Insensible; Emollients; Skin Cream; Administration, Cutaneous; Epidermis; Urea
PubMed: 38834224
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.8358 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Jun 2024Microneedling has been shown to release growth factors, which improves the appearance of acne scars by itself and in combination with different therapy modalities....
BACKGROUND
Microneedling has been shown to release growth factors, which improves the appearance of acne scars by itself and in combination with different therapy modalities. Combining microneedling with Chemical Reconstruction of Scarred Skin (CROSS) therapy using a 60% phenol and 0.2% croton oil combination results in a significant improvement of acne scarring.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety and efficacy of combination treatments using microneedling in combination with CROSS therapy that contains 60% phenol and 0.2% croton preparation in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III to V. Materials and Methods: Patients were treated over a 5-year period for atrophic acne scars using microneedling combined with CROSS. Most of the patients had combination atrophic scarring. High-quality before and after photographs were taken of the patients to assess the improvement in the scars. Results: Most of the patients (89.5%) had Fitzpatrick skin types IV through V. Analysis was done on a maximum of 3 microneedling sessions with 1 to 3 CROSS sessions. Photographic evaluation using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale showed an 18% grade-1 improvement and 81% grade-2 improvement. The Goodman and Baron Qualitative scar grading system showed a 62% grade-1 improvement and 38% grade-2 improvement.
CONCLUSION
Combination treatments work best for atrophic scars. This is the first published report of using microneedling with a 60% phenol/0.2% croton oil combination. It proved to be very effective and safe in treating atrophic acne scars in Fitzpatrick skin types III to V, with minimal side effects and a quick recovery. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):418-422. doi:10.36849/JDD.7657.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Cicatrix; Female; Needles; Male; Adult; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Combined Modality Therapy; Croton Oil; Phenol; Adolescent; Dry Needling; Percutaneous Collagen Induction
PubMed: 38834218
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.7657 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jun 2024Dry skin is a common dermatological condition that frequently affects the elderly. A contributing cause to dry skin is a reduced concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dry skin is a common dermatological condition that frequently affects the elderly. A contributing cause to dry skin is a reduced concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in both the epidermis and dermis. The effectiveness of moisturizer containing HA as a therapy for dry skin is impacted by its specific molecular weight. Low molecular weight HA (LMWHA) is believed to be more effective in replenishing skin hydration in aging skin compared to High Molecular Weight HA (HMWHA) due to its ability to penetrate the stratum corneum. However, there is a lack of clinical research supporting this claim. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 residents of a nursing home in Jakarta. The participants, aged between 60 and 80 years, had been diagnosed with dry skin. Each test subject was administered three distinct, randomized moisturizing lotions (LMWHA, HMWHA, or vehicle), to be topically applied to three separate sites on the leg. Skin capacitance (SCap), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and specified symptom sum score (SRRC) were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. After four weeks of therapy, area that was treated with LMWHA showed greater SCap values compared to the area treated with HMWHA (56.37 AU vs. 52.37 AU, p = 0.004) and vehicle (56.37 AU vs. 49.01 AU, p < 0.001). All groups did not show any significant differences in TEWL and SRRC scores. No side effects were found in all groups. The application of a moisturizer containing LMWHA to the dry skin of elderly resulted in significant improvements in skin hydration compared to moisturizers containing HMWHA and vehicle. Furthermore, these moisturizers demonstrated similar safety in treating dry skin in the elderly. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06178367, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06178367 .
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Male; Aged, 80 and over; Molecular Weight; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Water Loss, Insensible; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases; Administration, Cutaneous; Skin Cream; Emollients
PubMed: 38829483
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03003-2 -
Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024The collection of multiple-channel electrophysiological signals enables a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal features of...
The collection of multiple-channel electrophysiological signals enables a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal features of electrophysiological activities. This approach can help to distinguish the traits and patterns of different ailments to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Microneedle array electrodes, which can penetrate skin without pain, can lessen the impedance between the electrodes and skin; however, current microneedle methods are limited to single channels and cannot achieve multichannel collection in small areas. Here, a multichannel (32 channels) microneedle dry electrode patch device was developed via a dimensionality reduction fabrication and integration approach and supported by a self-developed circuit system to record weak electrophysiological signals, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyography (EMG) signals. The microneedles reduced the electrode-skin contact impedance by penetrating the nonconducting stratum corneum in a painless way. The multichannel microneedle array (MMA) enabled painless transdermal recording of multichannel electrophysiological signals from the subcutaneous space, with high temporal and spatial resolution, reaching the level of a single microneedle in terms of signal precision. The MMA demonstrated the detection of the spatial distribution of ECG, EMG and EEG signals in live rabbit models, and the microneedle electrode (MNE) achieved better signal quality in the transcutaneous detection of EEG signals than did the conventional flat dry electrode array. This work offers a promising opportunity to develop advanced tools for neural interface technology and electrophysiological recording.
PubMed: 38828404
DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00702-8 -
Cureus May 2024We present a rare neurocutaneous genetic disorder where patients develop a combination of cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma, commonly known as...
We present a rare neurocutaneous genetic disorder where patients develop a combination of cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma, commonly known as CEDNIK syndrome. It is an autosomal recessive inheritance involving the SNAP29 protein, mapped to the 22q11.2 gene. Phenotypic variation is seen with this disease, with clinical manifestation of developmental milestone delays ranging in severity. With only a handful of documented cases, available research, management of the syndrome, and prognosis are not well established. As CEDNIK syndrome has systemic implications, care coordination between specialists is essential in improving patient outcomes. Particularly important is preventing patients from meeting the criteria of failure to thrive, a commonly reported issue. In this case, we present a four-month-old male with a past medical history of pyloric stenosis status/post pyloromyotomy who has failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux disease, profound hypotonia, and delayed progression of developmental milestones. Additionally, the case is complicated by idiopathic pyloric stenosis, further contributing to the patient's failure to thrive. We aim to discuss the pathophysiology of this syndrome, explore the timeline of disease progression, as well as compare our case to the current literature.
PubMed: 38826968
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59475