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Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2024Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW) are the dried sclerotia of Poaceae fungus Poria cocos that contain many biological activity ingredients such as polysaccharides and...
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW) are the dried sclerotia of Poaceae fungus Poria cocos that contain many biological activity ingredients such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The carbohydrates from Poria cocos have been proven to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of Poria cocos oligosaccharides (PCO) protecting mice against acute lung injury (ALI). We examined the histopathological analysis of lung injury, inflammatory, and edema levels to evaluate the benefits of PCO during ALI. As a result, PCO improved the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury and decreased the inflammatory cytokines of lung tissue. Simultaneously, PCO alleviated lung edema by regulating the expression of aquaporin5 (AQP5) and epithelial Na channel protein (ENaC-α). Additionally, untargeted metabolomics was performed on the plasma of ALI mice via HUPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. The results indicated that linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, carnosine, glutamic acid, and 1-methylhistamine were the biomarkers in ALI mice. Besides, metabolic pathway analysis suggested PCO affected the histidine and fatty acid metabolism, which were closely associated with inflammation and oxidative reaction of the host. Consequently, the effects of PCO inhibiting inflammation and edema might relate to the reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and the reverse of abnormal metabolic pathways.
Topics: Animals; Acute Lung Injury; Mice; Metabolomics; Lipopolysaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Male; Wolfiporia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Cytokines; Lung; Inflammation; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38820835
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116262 -
Journal of Separation Science Jun 2024This study presents a comprehensive strategy for the selection and optimization of solvent systems in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) for the effective separation of...
This study presents a comprehensive strategy for the selection and optimization of solvent systems in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) for the effective separation of compounds. With a focus on traditional organic solvent systems, the research introduces a "sweet space" strategy that merges intuitive understanding with mathematical accuracy, addressing the significant challenges in solvent system selection, a critical bottleneck in the widespread application of CCC. By employing a combination of volume ratios and graphical representations, including both regular and trirectangular tetrahedron models, the proposed approach facilitates a more inclusive and user-friendly strategy for solvent system selection. This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed strategy through the successful separation of gamma-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid from borage oil, highlighting the strategy's effectiveness and practical applicability in CCC separations.
Topics: Countercurrent Distribution; Solvents; Plant Oils; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; gamma-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 38819780
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400195 -
International Journal of... May 2024The efficacy of SA foliar use on Pb and Ni-induced stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential by L. were assayed as a factorial trial based on a completely...
The efficacy of SA foliar use on Pb and Ni-induced stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential by L. were assayed as a factorial trial based on a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The factors included; SA foliar application (0 and 100 µM) and HMs application of Pb [0, 150, and 225 mg kg soil Lead (II) nitrate] and Ni [0, 220, and 330 mg kg soil Nickel (II) nitrate]. Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and some macro- and micro-elements contents were reduced facing the HMs stress, but SA foliar application ameliorated these traits. HMs stress increased malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, phenolics, and linolenic acid content, while SA foliar application declined the mentioned parameters. Moreover, shoot and root Pb and Ni content enhanced in the purslane plants supplemented by SA under the HMs stress. The results propose SA foliar application as a reliable methodology to recover purslane growth characters and fatty acid profiles in the soil contaminated with the HMs. The idea is that SA would be potentially effective in alleviating HMs contamination while keeping reasonable phytoremediation potential.
PubMed: 38819100
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2357634 -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... May 2024Nutritional strategies to maintain bone health in aging individuals are of great interest. Given the beneficial nutrient composition of walnuts, rich in alpha-linolenic...
BACKGROUND
Nutritional strategies to maintain bone health in aging individuals are of great interest. Given the beneficial nutrient composition of walnuts, rich in alpha-linolenic (the vegetable n-3 fatty acid) and polyphenols, their regular consumption might be a dietary option to reduce age-related bone loss. We determined whether daily walnut consumption improves bone mineral density (BMD) and circulating biomarkers of bone turnover.
METHODS
The Walnuts and Healthy Aging study (WAHA) is a two-center, parallel, randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a diet enriched with walnuts at ≈15% energy compared with a control diet for 2 years on age-related health outcomes in healthy men and women aged 63-79 years. Changes in BMD were a prespecified secondary outcome only at the Barcelona node of the trial, where 352 participants were randomized. Retention rate was 92.6%. Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in BMD at the spine and the nondominant femoral neck, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in bone turnover biomarkers (adrenocorticotropic hormone, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor-23), which were quantified in 211 randomly selected participants.
RESULTS
The walnut diet versus the control diet had no effect on 2-year changes in BMD at the spine (0.15% vs. 0.35%, p = 0.632) and femoral neck (-0.90% vs. -0.70%, p = 0.653), or on bone turnover biomarkers. Results were similar in participants treated or not with bone resorption inhibitors or those with or without osteoporosis/osteopenia at inclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the usual diet, a diet enriched with walnuts at 15% of energy for 2 years failed to improve BMD or circulating markers of bone metabolism in healthy older people.
PubMed: 38818857
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.19007 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease featured by high morbidity and mortality. Although Cordycepin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease featured by high morbidity and mortality. Although Cordycepin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects, its role in PAH treatment and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The therapeutic effects of Cordycepin on rats with PAH were investigated using a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat model. The metabolic effects of Cordycepin were assessed based on the plasma metabolome. The potential mechanisms of Cordycepin in PAH treatment were investigated through transcriptome sequencing and validated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Evaluations included hematoxylin and eosin staining for pulmonary vascular remodeling, CCK-8 assay, EDU, and TUNEL kits for cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively, and western blot for protein expression. Cordycepin significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) in PAH rats, and mitigated pulmonary vascular remodeling. Plasma metabolomics showed that Cordycepin could reverse the metabolic disorders in the lungs of MCT-induced PAH rats, particularly impacting linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomics revealed that the P53 pathway might be the primary pathway involved, and western blot results showed that Cordycepin significantly increased P53 and P21 protein levels in lung tissues. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics suggested that these pathways were mainly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Cordycepin significantly inhibited the PDGFBB (PD)-induced abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMC and promoted PD-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, Cordycepin enhanced the expression levels of P53 and P21 proteins in PD-insulted PASMC. However, inhibitors of P53 and P21 eliminated these effects of Cordycepin. Cordycepin may activate the P53-P21 pathway to inhibit abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMC and promote apoptosis, offering a potential approach for PAH treatment.
Topics: Animals; Deoxyadenosines; Rats; Male; Apoptosis; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Cell Proliferation; Transcriptome; Metabolomics; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Monocrotaline; Pulmonary Artery; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Disease Models, Animal; Vascular Remodeling; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Linoleic Acid; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38816406
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62163-3 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024(HI) meal is a promising substitute for fish meal (FM) in the feeds of farmed fish. However, the impacts of dietary HI meal on largemouth bass (LMB) remain unknown. In...
(HI) meal is a promising substitute for fish meal (FM) in the feeds of farmed fish. However, the impacts of dietary HI meal on largemouth bass (LMB) remain unknown. In this study, we formulated three isonitrogenous and isolipid diets with 0% (HI0, control), 20% (HI20) and 40% (HI40) of FM substituted by HI meal. A total of 270 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 10.02 ± 0.03 g were used (30 fish per tank). After an 80-day feeding trial, the fish fed with the HI40 diet demonstrated decreased growth performance and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and increased liver oxidative indices and lipid accumulation compared to the control ( < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the effects of high dietary HI meal on liver gene expression. Consistent with the reduced growth and disturbed liver oxidative status, the upregulated genes were enriched in the biological processes associated with protein catabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; while the downregulated genes were enriched in cellular proliferation, growth, metabolism, immunity and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Differential metabolites in the liver samples were also identified by untargeted metabolomic assay. The results of joint transcriptomic-metabolomic analyses revealed that the pathways such as one carbon pool by folate, propanoate metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were disturbed by high dietary HI meal. In summary, our data revealed the candidate genes, metabolites and biological pathways that account for the adverse effects of high HI meal diet on the growth and health of LMB.
PubMed: 38812498
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.014 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Apr 2024This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Jingfang Granules on acute lung injury, and to investigate the regulatory effect of Jingfang...
This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Jingfang Granules on acute lung injury, and to investigate the regulatory effect of Jingfang Granules on the metabolic disorders of endogenous metabolites in feces and the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota in acute lung injury, mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, and a Jingfang Granules group. After modeling, the mice were continuously administered for 6 days. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS) metabolomics technology and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, changes in endogenous small molecule substances and gut microbiota in mouse intestines were determined, and potential biomarkers were identified. The results showed that Jingfang Granules can regulate 11 biomarkers, including L-glutamic acid, succinic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, phenylalanine, sphingosine, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyric acid, pyruvate, tryptophan, and palmitic acid. Metabolic pathway analysis was conducted on these 11 biomarkers using the online software MetaboAnalyst, identifying potential major metabolic pathways. Among them, a total of 10 metabolic pathways are closely related to the treatment of acute lung injury with Jingfang Granules, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, citrate cycle(TCA cycle), alyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, D-glutamine and D-gluta-matemetabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism. The results of gut microbiota showed significant differences in bacteria, mainly including Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnochlostridium, and Klebsiella. Spearman analysis confirms that Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group is a significant positive correlation between the abundance of succinic acid, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, butyric acid, and pyruvate in the group; Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Lachnochlostrium are significantly positively correlated with the abundance of L-glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and sphingosine. The above results indicate that the therapeutic effect of Jingfang Granules on acute lung injury is achieved by improving the imbalance of gut microbiota in mice with acute lung injury, balancing the metabolism of alanine, biosynthesis of aminoacyl tRNA, aspartic acid, glutamate, tricarboxylic acid cycle, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and metabolism of linoleic acid.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Acute Lung Injury; Metabolomics; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Feces; Humans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
PubMed: 38812204
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231213.401 -
Voprosy Pitaniia 2024ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are incorporated in cell membranes and play an important role in the development and functioning of organs. Consolidation of... (Review)
Review
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are incorporated in cell membranes and play an important role in the development and functioning of organs. Consolidation of data on the role of ω-3 PUFAs in child development may increase the professional's awareness, help to plan clinical studies, and develop recommendations for supplementation. of the research was to analyze literature data on the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on the central nervous system, immune system, and vision in children. . 86 literature sources have been analyzed, a keyword search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary and Google Scholar databases. . ω-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) are not synthesized in the human organism, and should be obtained from food. The need for ω-3 PUFAs is especially high during periods of rapid growth (the first years of life and adolescence). ω-3 PUFAs play an important role in the anatomical and functional development of the brain, affecting the maturation and functioning of neurons, participating in the processes of neurogenesis, migration, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission. The results of clinical studies on the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on the cognitive functions of healthy children and patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are contradictory, which requ ires further research. PUFAs are substrates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and take part in the control of acute and chronic inflammation, and also have a regulatory effect on immune cells. ω-3 PUFAs supplementation decreases the frequency and duration of acute respiratory viral infections in children. This indicates the potential effectiveness of ω-3 PUFAs in the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections. Сlinical studies demonstrated positive effects of ω-3 PUFAs on retinal development in premature infants. . Adequate intake of ω-3 PUFAs is essential for the development and functioning of the central nervous system, immune system and vision in children. The body content of ω-3 PUFAs is closely related to the nutrition. In the Russian Federation, consumption of fish and other products containing ω-3 PUFAs is traditionally low. The majority of the Russian population has a deficiency in ω-3 PUFA consumption. With an unbalanced diet, supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Dietary Supplements; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Infant; Cognition; Female; Brain
PubMed: 38809795
DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-6-18 -
Scientific Reports May 2024High temperature stress influences plant growth, seed yield, and fatty acid contents by causing oxidative damage. This study investigated the potential of thiourea (TU)...
High temperature stress influences plant growth, seed yield, and fatty acid contents by causing oxidative damage. This study investigated the potential of thiourea (TU) to mitigate oxidative stress and restoring seed oil content and quality in canola. The study thoroughly examined three main factors: (i) growth conditions-control and high temperature stress (35 °C); (ii) TU supplementation (1000 mg/L)-including variations like having no TU, water application at the seedling stage, TU application at seedling stage (BBCH Scale-39), water spray at anthesis stage, and TU application at anthesis stage (BBCH Scale-60); (iii) and two canola genotypes, 45S42 and Hiola-401, were studied separately. High temperature stress reduced growth and tissue water content, as plant height and relative water contents were decreased by 26 and 36% in 45S42 and 27 and 42% Hiola-401, respectively, resulting in a substantial decrease in seed yield per plant by 36 and 38% in 45S42 and Hiola-401. Seed oil content and quality parameters were also negatively affected by high temperature stress as seed oil content was reduced by 32 and 35% in 45S42 and Hiola-401. High-temperature stress increased the plant stress indicators like malondialdehyde, HO content, and electrolyte leakage; these indicators were increased in both canola genotypes as compared to control. Interestingly, TU supplementation restored plant performance, enhancing height, relative water content, foliar chlorophyll (SPAD value), and seed yield per plant by 21, 15, 30, and 28% in 45S42; 19, 13, 26, and 21% in Hiola-401, respectively, under high temperature stress as compared to control. In addition, seed quality, seed oil content, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were improved by 16, 14, and 22% in 45S42, and 16, 11, and 23% in Hiola-401, as compared to control. The most significant improvements in canola seed yield per plant were observed when TU was applied at the anthesis stage. Additionally, the research highlighted that canola genotype 45S42 responded better to TU applications and exhibited greater resilience against high temperature stress compared to genotype Hiola-401. This interesting study revealed that TU supplementation, particularly at the anthesis stage, improved high temperature stress tolerance, seed oil content, and fatty acid profile in two canola genotypes.
Topics: Brassica napus; Thiourea; Antioxidants; Seeds; Hot Temperature; Oxidative Stress; Genotype; Heat-Shock Response; Seedlings
PubMed: 38806561
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62257-y -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024This study aimed to explore the possibility of enriching cold-pressed Virginia (VIO) and Valencia (VAO) peanut oils with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from walnut oil (WO)...
This study aimed to explore the possibility of enriching cold-pressed Virginia (VIO) and Valencia (VAO) peanut oils with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from walnut oil (WO) to produce blended oils with improved nutritional value. The oxidative stability of pure and blended oils was examined under accelerated conditions (60 °C) for 28 days. The FA and tocopherol profiles, as well as nutritional quality indices, were determined. As the proportion of WO increased in the blends, the levels of linoleic and α-linolenic essential FAs increased, while oleic acid content decreased. Furthermore, γ- and δ-tocopherol levels rose, whereas α-tocopherol declined. Among the studied blends, VIO:WO blends, especially at a (70:30) ratio, were nutritionally favorable with a balanced FA profile. During storage, notable changes were observed in tocopherol levels, along with subtle alterations in the FA profile of the blended oils. Hence, the oxidative stability of pure VIO and VAO decreased with WO incorporation.
PubMed: 38803670
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101453