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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Jul 2024Models of inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperoxia and hypoxia have demonstrated that magnesium sulfate (MgSO), a commonly used drug in obstetrics, has neuroprotective...
Models of inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperoxia and hypoxia have demonstrated that magnesium sulfate (MgSO), a commonly used drug in obstetrics, has neuroprotective potential. In the present study, the effects of MgSO treatment on inflammation, oxidative stress and fetal brain histopathology were evaluated in an experimental rat model following sevoflurane (Sv) exposure during the mid-gestational period. Rats were randomly divided into groups: C (control; no injections or anesthesia), Sv (exposure to 2.5% Sv for 2 h), MgSO (administered 270 mg/kg MgSO intraperitoneally) and Sv + MgSO (Sv administered 30 min after MgSO injection). Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured in the serum and neurotoxicity was investigated histopathologically in fetal brain tissue. Short-term mid-gestational exposure to a 1.1 minimum alveolar concentration of Sv did not significantly increase the levels of any of the measured biochemical markers, except for TNF-α. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated no findings suggestive of pathological apoptosis, neuroinflammation or oxidative stress-induced cell damage. MgSO injection prior to anesthesia caused no significant differences in biochemical or histopathological marker levels compared to the C and Sv groups. The present study indicated that short-term exposure to Sv could potentially be considered a harmless external stimulus to the fetal brain.
PubMed: 38827470
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12574 -
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and... Jun 2024Tetanus has become an increasingly rare infectious disease due to the development of successful vaccination programs in the mid-20th century. In resource-rich countries,...
Tetanus has become an increasingly rare infectious disease due to the development of successful vaccination programs in the mid-20th century. In resource-rich countries, mainly unvaccinated or partly vaccinated risk groups are affected, whereas tetanus still remains prevalent in resource-limited countries. The decreasing incidence in developed countries has hindered clinical trials evaluating the best treatment modalities for tetanus infections. Current guidelines are based on a small number of studies and case reports. So far, these studies have shown potential benefits of treating tetanus infections with benzodiazepines, magnesium sulfate and baclofen. Additionally, several treatments have been shown to be useful in stabilizing and supporting patients with tetanus. However, each treatment modality has limitations, from negative side effects to logistical challenges, especially in developing countries. Therefore, further knowledge is required to evaluate the best use of each treatment and to further optimize patient care. This knowledge can contribute to the reduction of the burden of disease in countries where tetanus remains prevalent and where resources are limited, though vaccination is the most effective method to achieve this. This case report describes the treatment of a Dutch patient with tetanus infection and illustrates the role of benzodiazepines as well as other key aspects of treating patients with tetanus.
PubMed: 38822438
DOI: 10.1186/s40794-024-00220-5 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023This study investigated the possible degeneration in cochlear morphology induced by preeclampsia (PE) and the therapeutic/preventive effect of vitamin D (Vit D) and...
BACKGROUND/AIM
This study investigated the possible degeneration in cochlear morphology induced by preeclampsia (PE) and the therapeutic/preventive effect of vitamin D (Vit D) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO) used separately and together on feto-maternal outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We created PE in rats using a reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) animal model and recorded blood pressure (BP), embryonic survival (ES), and embryonic weight (EW) and evaluated cochlear morphology by electron microscopy.
RESULTS
The PE group had elevated BP, a decreased number and weight of live pups, and significant degeneration in the cochlea compared to the sham group. In the PEV group, we observed significant beneficial effects of Vit D supplementation at 14.5 and 19.5 dpc in terms of BP (p < 0.05), EW (p < 0.001), and cochlear degeneration compared to the PE group. In the PEM group, BP (p < 0.05) and cochlear degeneration nearly reached the level found in the sham group. However, although the EW was statistically different in the PE group, it did not reach sham group levels. We also observed that BP returned to sham level (p < 0.01) and noticed significant increases in the EW (p < 0.0001) and ES (p = 0.017) in the PEMV group compared to the PE group. According to the scanning electron microscope results, combined administration of VitD and MgSO is more effective than separate administration in improving cochlear degeneration induced by PE.
CONCLUSION
The administration of Vit D and MgSO during pregnancy has beneficial effects on PE pathology and may play a significant role in preventing PE-related complications, including cochlear degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Magnesium Sulfate; Pre-Eclampsia; Female; Pregnancy; Cochlea; Vitamin D; Rats; Disease Models, Animal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38813514
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5730 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology May 2024We conducted a nationwide population-based case-control study to analyse potential predisposing factors for hearing loss (HL) that present during the fetal, perinatal,...
BACKGROUND
We conducted a nationwide population-based case-control study to analyse potential predisposing factors for hearing loss (HL) that present during the fetal, perinatal, and postnatal periods in prematurely born children.
METHODS
This study enrolled 21,576 children born at < 37 weeks of gestation; 3,596 with HL and 17,980 with normal hearing born between 2002 and 2015, matched for sex, age at diagnosis, and enrollment time. Data were abstracted from the concatenation of three nationwide databases for overall risk factors till the diagnosis of HL.
RESULTS
Maternal HL, maternal diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes mellitus, and at or before 32 weeks of gestation were the major obstetric risk factors for HL. Prematurely born children who were born via cesarean section and received a combination of antenatal steroids and magnesium sulfate exhibited a significantly reduced risk of developing HL. Ear malformation was a critical predictor for HL. The major postnatal risk factors included seizure and ototoxic drugs use. Premature infants diagnosed with more than 1 diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intracerebral hemorrhage were at an increased risk of developing HL. Congenital CMV infection and recurrent acute otitis were also independent postnatal factors for HL in prematurely born children.
CONCLUSION
To reduce the incidence of childhood HL in prematurely born children, aggressive management of premature birth-related consequences and treatable causes and longitudinal audiological follow-up with early detection and adequate intervention are crucial.
PubMed: 38811322
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2024.04.006 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Understanding the effect of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment on functional connectivity will help elucidate the mechanism by which it reduces the risk of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Understanding the effect of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment on functional connectivity will help elucidate the mechanism by which it reduces the risk of cerebral palsy and death.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether MgSO4 administered to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks is associated with increased functional connectivity and measures of functional segregation and integration in infants at term-equivalent age, possibly reflecting a protective mechanism of MgSO4.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study was nested within a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed across 24 tertiary maternity hospitals. Participants included infants born to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks who participated in the MAGENTA (Magnesium Sulphate at 30 to 34 Weeks' Gestational Age) trial and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age. Ineligibility criteria included illness precluding MRI, congenital or genetic disorders likely to affect brain structure, and living more than 1 hour from the MRI center. One hundred and fourteen of 159 eligible infants were excluded due to incomplete or motion-corrupted MRI. Recruitment occurred between October 22, 2014, and October 25, 2017. Participants were followed up to 2 years of age. Analysis was performed from February 1, 2021, to February 27, 2024. Observers were blind to patient groupings during data collection and processing.
EXPOSURES
Women received 4 g of MgSO4 or isotonic sodium chloride solution given intravenously over 30 minutes.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Prior to data collection, it was hypothesized that infants who were exposed to MgSO4 would show enhanced functional connectivity compared with infants who were not exposed.
RESULTS
A total of 45 infants were included in the analysis: 24 receiving MgSO4 treatment and 21 receiving placebo; 23 (51.1%) were female and 22 (48.9%) were male; and the median gestational age at scan was 40.0 (IQR, 39.1-41.1) weeks. Treatment with MgSO4 was associated with greater voxelwise functional connectivity in the temporal and occipital lobes and deep gray matter structures and with significantly greater clustering coefficients (Hedge g, 0.47 [95% CI, -0.13 to 1.07]), transitivity (Hedge g, 0.51 [95% CI, -0.10 to 1.11]), local efficiency (Hedge g, 0.40 [95% CI, -0.20 to 0.99]), and global efficiency (Hedge g, 0.31 [95% CI, -0.29 to 0.90]), representing enhanced functional segregation and integration.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cohort study, infants exposed to MgSO4 had greater voxelwise functional connectivity and functional segregation, consistent with increased brain maturation. Enhanced functional connectivity is a possible mechanism by which MgSO4 protects against cerebral palsy and death.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Female; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Adult; Gestational Age; Cohort Studies; Premature Birth; Infant; Brain; Prenatal Care; Cerebral Palsy
PubMed: 38805222
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13508 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare complication of pregnancy and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal intrauterine distress,...
BACKGROUND
Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare complication of pregnancy and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal intrauterine distress, intrauterine growth restriction, and still birth. UAT is unpredictable, and prenatal diagnosis is challenging. There is no consensus on the treatment strategy of UAT, especially for patients with prenatal detection of one of the umbilical artery embolisms. In most previous cases, an emergency cesarean section was performed, or intrauterine fetal death occurred at the time of UAT diagnosis.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this report, we describe a case of thrombosis in one of the umbilical arteries detected by routine ultrasonography at 31 weeks of gestation in a 34-year-old woman. Following expectant management with intensive monitoring for 4 four days, an emergency cesarean section was performed because of abnormal fetal umbilical cord blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow; the newborn was in good condition at birth. The final umbilical cord histopathology revealed thrombosis in one of the umbilical arteries. Both mother and newborn described in this case underwent long-term follow-up for nearly 2 two years and are currently in good health without any complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our experience, obstetricians should comprehensively consider the current gestational age and fetal intrauterine status when UAT is suspected to determine the best delivery time. The appropriate gestational age should be prolonged as long as the mother and fetus are stable when the fetus is immature, trying our best to complete the corticosteroid treatment to promote fetal lung maturity and magnesium sulfate to protect fetal brain. During expectant management, ultrasound monitoring, electronic fetal heart monitoring, and fetal movement counting should be strengthened. Clinicians should ensure that the patients and their families are informed about all potential risks of expectant management for UAT.
PubMed: 38803431
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1395344 -
ACS Omega May 2024The aim of this study was to obtain the relationship between ion interactions and the crystallization patterns of salt species in the lithium-rubidium-magnesium sulfate...
The aim of this study was to obtain the relationship between ion interactions and the crystallization patterns of salt species in the lithium-rubidium-magnesium sulfate system at 298.2 K. The phase equilibria of the aqueous quaternary system Li, Rb, Mg//SO-HO were studied by the isothermal dissolution method at = 298.2 K and = 94.77 kPa. The density, refractive index, and composition of equilibrium solution were determined, on the basis of which solid-liquid phase diagrams and density/refractive index vs composition diagrams were drawn. The phase diagram consists of four quaternary invariant points and six crystallization regions, corresponding to the crystallization areas of single salts RbSO, LiSO·HO, and MgSO·7HO, as well as double salts 3LiSO·RbSO·2HO, LiSO·RbSO, and RbSO·MgSO·6HO. Notably, rubidium-containing double salts occupy more than 50% of the entire phase diagram area. The results indicate that the interactions between Li and Rb with coexisting Mg and SO are complex, leading to the formation and precipitation of various lithium- and rubidium-bearing double salts, which hinder the effective concentrations of lithium and rubidium during the solar evaporation process in salt pans. Additionally, a multitemperature comparison of the solid-liquid phase diagrams at 273.2, 298.2, and 308.2 K reveals that temperature is also a significant factor influencing the solid-phase types and crystallization areas. For instance, the crystallization form of the double salt 3LiSO·RbSO·2HO changes to 3LiSO·RbSO at 308.2 K and the crystallization area of LiSO·RbSO gradually decreases, while the crystallization area of RbSO·MgSO·6HO generally exhibits an increasing trend.
PubMed: 38799308
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00636 -
Alpha Psychiatry Mar 2024In this study, the effect of magnesium sulfate and labetalol in treating pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and its influence on anxiety and depression in patients are...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the effect of magnesium sulfate and labetalol in treating pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and its influence on anxiety and depression in patients are observed, and new ideas for treating anxiety and depression in PIH are introduced.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to select patients with PlH diagnosed from July 2020 to July 2023 from Affiliated Hospital of Electronic Science and Technology University and Chengdu Women' s and Children's Central Hospital in Chengdu of Sichuan Province. The changes in blood pressure, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7) in patients with hypertensive pregnancy were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
In our investigation, 219 patients completed the study, and 36.1% (79/219) of them developed anxiety and depression. According to whether the patients were treated with magnesium sulfate and labetalol, 49 cases were assigned to the magnesium sulfate and labetalol treatment (MSLT) group, and 30 cases were assigned to the conventional treatment (CT) group. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores and GAD-7 scores in the MSLT group were significantly lower than those in the CT group, indicating that magnesium sulfate and labetalol can improve anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients during pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant ( < .05). According to the changes in systolic blood pressure, the clinical efficacy of patients was evaluated, and no significant difference in efficacy existed between the MSLT and CT groups.
CONCLUSION
Magnesium sulfate and labetalol can control the blood pressure of patients with PIH and indirectly improve anxiety and depression in patients with PIH, thereby introducing new ideas for the treatment of PIH accompanied by anxiety and depression.
PubMed: 38798818
DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231342 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Sorption technologies are essential for various industries because they provide product quality and process efficiency. New encapsulated microspherical composite...
Sorption technologies are essential for various industries because they provide product quality and process efficiency. New encapsulated microspherical composite sorbents have been developed for resource-saving contact drying of thermolabile materials, particularly grain and seeds of crops. Magnesium sulfate, known for its high water capacity, fast sorption kinetics, and easy regeneration, was used as an active moisture sorption component. To localize the active component, porous carriers with an accessible internal volume and a perforated glass-crystalline shell were used. These carriers were created by acid etching of cenospheres with different structures isolated from fly ash. The amount of magnesium sulfate included in the internal volume of the microspherical carrier was 38 wt % for cenospheres with ring structures and 26 wt % for cenospheres with network structures. Studies of the moisture sorption properties of composite sorbents on wheat seeds have shown that after 4 h of contact drying the moisture content of wheat decreases from 22.5 to 14.9-15.5 wt %. Wheat seed germination after sorption drying was 95 ± 2%. The advantage of composite sorbents is the encapsulation of the desiccant in the inner volume of perforated cenospheres, which prevents its entrainment and contamination and provides easy separation and stable sorption capacity in several cycles.
PubMed: 38792252
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102391 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jul 2024A reliable and greener alternative to the usual extraction methods is reported for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. This novel approach combines the...
Determination of pesticide residues in soybeans using QuEChERS followed by deep eutectic solvent-based DLLME preconcentration prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
A reliable and greener alternative to the usual extraction methods is reported for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. This novel approach combines the classical QuEChERS extraction method with a DLLME (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction) step, utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) - camphor: hexanoic acid (1:1 molar ratio) - as the microextraction solvent. This DES has never been employed in pesticide analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of complex matrices like soybeans. A Plackett-Burman screening design was employed to optimize sample preparation variables of QuEChERS (amount of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate, and amount of PSA and C18 sorbents) and DLLME (pH of medium, amount of sodium chloride, and volume of microextraction solvent). This design allowed for a systematic evaluation of the impact of each parameter on the method's performance. The optimized method was evaluated using a certified reference material and commercial samples of soybeans. The method exhibited high accuracy and precision for most of the analytes under study, demonstrating its applicability for pesticide residue analysis in soybeans. To assess the greenness and practicality of the developed method, the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric systems were employed, respectively. Overall, the proposed QuEChERS-DLLME method using a DES solvent is a reliable and greener alternative to conventional extraction methods for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. Its high performance, coupled with its environmental friendliness, makes it a promising tool for food safety analysis.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Glycine max; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Limit of Detection; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38788403
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464999