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Osteoporosis International : a Journal... Jun 2024Compared with the healthy patients, patients with osteoporosis had a lower Hounsfield unit (HU) value and a higher vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score. Both the HU value...
UNLABELLED
Compared with the healthy patients, patients with osteoporosis had a lower Hounsfield unit (HU) value and a higher vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score. Both the HU value and VBQ score can simply distinguish patients with osteoporosis (OP), with a cutoff value of HU value < 97.06 and VBQ score > 3.08.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the opportunistic use of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is effective for identifying spine surgical patients with OP.
METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated 109 lumbar spine surgery patients who received lumbar quantitative CT (QCT) and MRI. Using the area under the curve, the CT-based HU value and MRI-based VBQ score were calculated. Then, based on the QCT results, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic performance of the HU value and VBQ score.
RESULTS
The HU value was significantly lower in the OP group, and the VBQ score was significantly higher in the OP group. Using the area under the curve, the diagnostic performance of the HU value and VBQ score for OP were 0.959 and 0.880, respectively. The diagnostic threshold values determined with optimal sensitivity and specificity were an HU value of 97.06 and a VBQ score of 3.08.
CONCLUSION
Opportunistic use of CT and MRI can simply distinguish patients with OP, which are expected to be potential alternatives to T-score for the osteoporosis screening.
PubMed: 38942897
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07164-8 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Prostate cancer is one of the most common and fatal diseases among men, and its early diagnosis can have a significant impact on the treatment process and prevent...
Prostate cancer is one of the most common and fatal diseases among men, and its early diagnosis can have a significant impact on the treatment process and prevent mortality. Since it does not have apparent clinical symptoms in the early stages, it is difficult to diagnose. In addition, the disagreement of experts in the analysis of magnetic resonance images is also a significant challenge. In recent years, various research has shown that deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks, has appeared successfully in machine vision (especially in medical image analysis). In this research, a deep learning approach was used on multi-parameter magnetic resonance images, and the synergistic effect of clinical and pathological data on the accuracy of the model was investigated. The data were collected from Trita Hospital in Tehran, which included 343 patients (data augmentation and learning transfer methods were used during the process). In the designed model, four different types of images are analyzed with four separate ResNet50 deep convolutional networks, and their extracted features are transferred to a fully connected neural network and combined with clinical and pathological features. In the model without clinical and pathological data, the maximum accuracy reached 88%, but by adding these data, the accuracy increased to 96%, which shows the significant impact of clinical and pathological data on the accuracy of diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Prostatic Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Neural Networks, Computer; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Iran
PubMed: 38942817
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65354-0 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study utilized arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to explore the developmental trajectory of brain activity associated with attention... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study utilized arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to explore the developmental trajectory of brain activity associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) data were acquired from 157 children with ADHD and 109 children in a control group, all aged 6-12 years old. Participants were categorized into the age groups of 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12, after which comparisons were performed between each age group for ASL analysis of cerebral blood flow (CBF). In total, the ADHD group exhibited significantly lower CBF in the left superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus regions than the control group. Further analysis revealed: (1) The comparison between the ADHD group (N = 70) aged 6-7 and the age-matched control group (N = 33) showed no statistically significant difference between. (2) However, compared with the control group aged 8-9 (N = 39), the ADHD group of the same age (N = 53) showed significantly lower CBF in the left postcentral gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus regions. (3) Further, the ADHD group aged 10-12 (N = 34) demonstrated significantly lower CBF in the left superior occipital region than the age-matched control group (N = 37). These age-specific differences suggest variations in ADHD-related domains during brain development post age 6-7.
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Male; Female; Spin Labels; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Case-Control Studies; Brain
PubMed: 38942754
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63658-9 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most powerful and versatile hyperpolarization methods to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. A major...
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most powerful and versatile hyperpolarization methods to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. A major drawback of DNP is the cost and complexity of the required microwave hardware, especially at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. To overcome this drawback and with the focus on the study of nanoliter and subnanoliter samples, this work demonstrates 200 GHz single chip DNP microsystems where the microwave excitation/detection are performed locally on chip without the need of external microwave generators and transmission lines. The single chip integrated microsystems consist of a single or an array of microwave oscillators operating at about 200 GHz for ESR excitation/detection and an RF receiver operating at about 300 MHz for NMR detection. This work demonstrates the possibility of using the single chip approach for the realization of probes for DNP studies at high frequency, high field, and low temperature.
PubMed: 38942752
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49767-z -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Jun 2024Radiology in Canada is advancing through innovations in clinical practices and research methodologies. Recent developments focus on refining evidence-based practice... (Review)
Review
Radiology in Canada is advancing through innovations in clinical practices and research methodologies. Recent developments focus on refining evidence-based practice guidelines, exploring innovative imaging techniques and enhancing diagnostic processes through artificial intelligence. Within the global radiology community, Canadian institutions play an important role by engaging in international collaborations, such as with the American College of Radiology to refine implementation of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System for ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, researchers have participated in multidisciplinary collaborations to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic tools for chronic liver disease and pediatric brain tumors. Beyond clinical radiology, efforts extend to addressing gender disparities in the field, improving educational practices, and enhancing the environmental sustainability of radiology departments. These advancements highlight Canada's role in the global radiology community, showcasing a commitment to improving patient outcomes and advancing the field through research and innovation. This update underscores the importance of continued collaboration and innovation to address emerging challenges and further enhance the quality and efficacy of radiology practices worldwide.
PubMed: 38942638
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2024.06.004 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Aug 2024
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroimaging; Demyelinating Diseases; Brain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38942530
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.04.001 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Aug 2024Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly understood not only as a white matter disease but also involving both the deep and cortical gray matter (GM). GM pathology in... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly understood not only as a white matter disease but also involving both the deep and cortical gray matter (GM). GM pathology in people with MS (pwMS) includes the presence of lesions, leptomeningeal inflammation, atrophy, altered iron concentration, and microstructural changes. Studies using 7T and 3T MR imaging with optimized protocols established that GM damage is a principal driver of disease progression in pwMS. Future work is needed to incorporate the assessment of these GM imaging biomarkers into the clinical workup of pwMS and the assessment of treatment efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Gray Matter; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Brain
PubMed: 38942527
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.007 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Aug 2024Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive method for detecting inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis, particularly in the brain where it reveals subclinical... (Review)
Review
Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive method for detecting inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis, particularly in the brain where it reveals subclinical inflammation. Established MRI markers include contrast-enhancing lesions and active T2 lesions. Recent promising markers like slowly expanding lesions and phase rim lesions are being explored for monitoring chronic inflammation, but require further validation for clinical use. Volumetric and quantitative MRI techniques are currently limited to clinical trials and are not yet recommended for routine clinical use. Additionally, MRI is crucial for detecting complications from disease-modifying treatments and for implementing MRI-based pharmacovigilance strategies, such as in patients treated with natalizumab.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Treatment Outcome; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 38942526
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.009 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Aug 2024Atypical demyelinating lesions (ADLs) can be idiopathic, occurring as isolated and self-limited events, or can appear in different stages of relapsing demyelinating... (Review)
Review
Atypical demyelinating lesions (ADLs) can be idiopathic, occurring as isolated and self-limited events, or can appear in different stages of relapsing demyelinating diseases. Not infrequently, ADLs occur in inflammatory syndromes associated with exogenous or endogenous toxic factors, metabolic imbalance, or infectious agents. It is important to recognize imaging patterns that indicate an inflammatory/demyelinating substrate in central nervous system lesions and to investigate potential triggers or complicating factors that might be associated. The prognostic and treatment strategies of ADLs are influenced by the underlying etiopathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Demyelinating Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain
PubMed: 38942525
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.006 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Aug 2024Optic neuritis is a common feature in multiple sclerosis and in 2 other autoimmune demyelinating disorders such as aquaporin-4 IgG antibody-associated neuromyelitis... (Review)
Review
Optic neuritis is a common feature in multiple sclerosis and in 2 other autoimmune demyelinating disorders such as aquaporin-4 IgG antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Although serologic testing is critical for differentiating these different autoimmune-mediated disorders, MR imaging, which is the preferred imaging modality for assessing the optic nerve, can provide valuable information, suggesting a specific diagnosis and guiding the appropriate serologic testing.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Nerve; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Optic Neuritis; Neuromyelitis Optica; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 38942524
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.005